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1219. Method of analysing gases in glasses
Classified abstracts 1212-I 222 33 1212. Ion-electron optical converter operating in the transmission mode. (USSR) Construction of an ion-electron optical converter is described which is based on the principle of conversion of ions in secondary emitted electrons at passage of ions through thin films of various materials. The coefficients of secondary electron emission of these materials are investigated at electron and ion bombardment in dependence on the energy of primary beam. The described converter has the conversion coefficient of 2 x 10” and the resolution is not less than the 24 line pairs/mm. N Kh Dzhemilev and T D Radzhahov, Phys Phenom al Bombard af Solids by Atomic Part, Coil, Vol 2, FAN Tashkent 1974, 18-23 (in Russian). 33 1213. Investigation of excitation of semicyclotron waves in colliding hot
beams with high transversal component of electron velocity. (USSR) The influence of transversal and thermal velocity of electrons of injected beams on excitation of high-frequency oscillations on semicyclotron frequency is investigated in a system of colliding beams immersed in longitudinal magnetic field. The experiments were performed at injection currents up to 1.5 A, electron energy up to 15 keV, magnetic field intensity up to 600 Oe and residual gas pressure of 5 x 10e6 torr. A P Timoshenko et al, Zh Tekh Fiz, 44 (12), 1974, 2559-2562 (in Russian). 33 1214. Investigation of contact conditions in vacuum at action of ultrasonic vibration. (USSR) The influence of ultrasonic vibrations on processes of contact interaction of materials in vacuum is investigated in dependence on experimental conditions. A possibility of utilization of ultrasonic vibrations, ten-times decreasing friction forces, for performing technological processes of microelectronics in vacuum is experimentally shown. E G Konovalov et al, Dokl AN BSSR, 18 (3), 1974, 230-233 (in Russian). 33 1215. A device for measurement of contact potential difference in magnetic field and high vacuum. (USSR) A new device for measurement of contact potential difference by the method of vibrating capacitor is described which enables one to perform complex investigations in high vacuum systems at pressures down to 10m9 torr, in magnetic field, in oxygen ambient and at illumination. A I Vovsi et al, Vestn Leningrad Univ, No 4, 1974, 7477 (in Russian). 33 1216. Measurement of the intensity of vacuum oil vapour flows with the
aid of field emission microscope. (USSR) A method for measurement of the intensity of flows of oil vapours in vacuum systems with the aid of field emission microscope is considered. The method is based on accumulation of oil molecules on cold tungsten field emitter during a controlled time interval, their thermal decomposition at cathode heating up to 1400°C and analysis of emission figures of chemisorption of pyrolytic carbon on tungsten surface. Using adsorption on the field cathode of oil evaporated from a molecular Knudsen evaporator, the relation between the intensity of vapour flow and the time required for accumulation of surface oil concentration giving standard emission figures of pyrolytic carbon is obtained. It is shown that at heating of the emitter the probability of trapping by tungsten surface of carbon from adsorbed oil layer depends on the ratio of intensities of oil vapour flow and residual gas flow during the time of oil accumulation on this surface. The described method enables one to measure the intensity of oil vapour flow in the range of 1 x lo9 to 1 x lOI cmm2 s-’ with a maximum error of &SO%. V Ya Pliskovskiy et al, Zh Tekh Fiz, 44 (lo), 1974, 2178-2185 (in
tubes. The dark density of surface states is estimated from the measurement of the variation of dark current during oxygenation. Field enhancement of dark current and photoemission has been observed. (GB) J R Howarth et al, J Appl Phys, 46 (I), 1975, 151-157. 34. HlGH
ALTITUDE AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
34 1218. The ESRO 4 gas analyser. (USA) On 22 November 1972 a gas analyser was launched into earth orbit on board the satellite ESRO 4. This mass spectrometer for the investigation of the upper atmosphere composition and density employs a spherical antechamber connected to an electron impact ion source, an analysing field of the monopole type, and a threefold detector system including one multiplier operated in the analogue mode. The instrument measures neutral constituent number densities within the mass range l-44 amu. The sampling frequency is one mass scan per 9 s using a total bit rate of 90 bps. The laboratory calibration of the instrument sensitivities was performed using a gas flow method. (Germany) H Trinks and U von Zahn, Rev Sci Instrum, 46 (2), 1975, 213-217. 37. METALLURGY, INORGANIC ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
37~42 1219. Method of analysing gases in glasses. (USSR) A method of determining the proportions of various gases occluded in glass of the kind widely employed in vacuum and radio technology is described. The surface of the glass is heated by an electron beam of low power which is then deflected through a small angle and rotated on a spiral course, its energy gradually increasing as it approaches the centre of the spiral. The gas evolved from the ‘hot spot’ so created may then be extracted and analysed by conventional means. The trajectory and intensity of the electron beam are predetermined in such a way as to ensure local melting in the region under test. 0 D Smiyan, Soviet Patent, class C 03 b, 5124, G 01 p, 33138, No 399464, claimed 22 November 1971, publd 26 February 1974 (in Russian). 37 1220. Apparatus for the vacuum heat treatment of wire in coils. (USSR)
A heating chamber for the vacuum heat treatment of wires in the form of loose or compact coils is proposed; the wires may be composed of a wide variety of metals, steels, and alloys. The heating chamber is furnished with a supplementary heater made, for example, in the form of a tube, to provide local boosted heating wherever required; the cooling chamber is connected to the loading and unloading equipment via special vacuum-tight shutters (valves). The operation of the system depends on the creation of a correct sequence of vacuum conditions in the various chambers through which the wire passes; subject to the approved sequence of pressures, the metal passes readily from one to the other on guiding rollers, and little operator control is required. V N Zemtsov et al, Soviet Patent, class C 21 d, 9152, F 27 b, 9104, No 401740, claimed 5 July 1972, published 12 May 1974 (in Russian). 37 1221. Device for the vacuum pressing of powdered materials. (USSR)
An improved form of stamp for the pressing of powdered materials at ordinary and high temperatures in vacua is described. The two parts of the stamp are so designed as to provide a hermetic seal when the plunger passes into the die. Provision is made for the whole working space to be heated to any desired temperature by means of an electric heating coil. The sealing materials provide both vacuum and thermal insulation. In the open position of the stamp easy access is afforded to all working parts so that servicing operations are relatively simple. The system is capable of a high speed of operation under repetitive working conditions. B A Tatarnikov et al. Soviet Patent, class B 30 6, 15102, B 22 f, 3100, No 405743, claimed 3’May 1971,published 26 March 1974 (in Russian). 37:41
Russian). 33 1217. Thermionic emission from negative electron affinity silicon. (USA) Thermionic emission from negative electron affinity surfaces on silicon has been studied. The value is dependent on the state of activation of the surface, and dark currents in the range 10-“-10-‘3 A/cm’ may be obtained. These values agree with those measured on sealed-off
398
CHEMISTRY,
1222. A vacuum rolling mill. (USSR)
A new type of mill designed for the rolling of metals in racuo is described; its main aim lies in producing metal (e.g. steel) with the best possible combination of strength and ductility by eliminating contaminants and optimising the microstructure. The mill is provided with a quenching tank to facilitate thermomechanical treatment of the
beams with high transversal component of electron velocity. (USSR) The influence of transversal and thermal velocity of electrons of injected beams on excitation of high-frequency oscillations on semicyclotron frequency is investigated in a system of colliding beams immersed in longitudinal magnetic field. The experiments were performed at injection currents up to 1.5 A, electron energy up to 15 keV, magnetic field intensity up to 600 Oe and residual gas pressure of 5 x 10e6 torr. A P Timoshenko et al, Zh Tekh Fiz, 44 (12), 1974, 2559-2562 (in Russian). 33 1214. Investigation of contact conditions in vacuum at action of ultrasonic vibration. (USSR) The influence of ultrasonic vibrations on processes of contact interaction of materials in vacuum is investigated in dependence on experimental conditions. A possibility of utilization of ultrasonic vibrations, ten-times decreasing friction forces, for performing technological processes of microelectronics in vacuum is experimentally shown. E G Konovalov et al, Dokl AN BSSR, 18 (3), 1974, 230-233 (in Russian). 33 1215. A device for measurement of contact potential difference in magnetic field and high vacuum. (USSR) A new device for measurement of contact potential difference by the method of vibrating capacitor is described which enables one to perform complex investigations in high vacuum systems at pressures down to 10m9 torr, in magnetic field, in oxygen ambient and at illumination. A I Vovsi et al, Vestn Leningrad Univ, No 4, 1974, 7477 (in Russian). 33 1216. Measurement of the intensity of vacuum oil vapour flows with the
aid of field emission microscope. (USSR) A method for measurement of the intensity of flows of oil vapours in vacuum systems with the aid of field emission microscope is considered. The method is based on accumulation of oil molecules on cold tungsten field emitter during a controlled time interval, their thermal decomposition at cathode heating up to 1400°C and analysis of emission figures of chemisorption of pyrolytic carbon on tungsten surface. Using adsorption on the field cathode of oil evaporated from a molecular Knudsen evaporator, the relation between the intensity of vapour flow and the time required for accumulation of surface oil concentration giving standard emission figures of pyrolytic carbon is obtained. It is shown that at heating of the emitter the probability of trapping by tungsten surface of carbon from adsorbed oil layer depends on the ratio of intensities of oil vapour flow and residual gas flow during the time of oil accumulation on this surface. The described method enables one to measure the intensity of oil vapour flow in the range of 1 x lo9 to 1 x lOI cmm2 s-’ with a maximum error of &SO%. V Ya Pliskovskiy et al, Zh Tekh Fiz, 44 (lo), 1974, 2178-2185 (in
tubes. The dark density of surface states is estimated from the measurement of the variation of dark current during oxygenation. Field enhancement of dark current and photoemission has been observed. (GB) J R Howarth et al, J Appl Phys, 46 (I), 1975, 151-157. 34. HlGH
ALTITUDE AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
34 1218. The ESRO 4 gas analyser. (USA) On 22 November 1972 a gas analyser was launched into earth orbit on board the satellite ESRO 4. This mass spectrometer for the investigation of the upper atmosphere composition and density employs a spherical antechamber connected to an electron impact ion source, an analysing field of the monopole type, and a threefold detector system including one multiplier operated in the analogue mode. The instrument measures neutral constituent number densities within the mass range l-44 amu. The sampling frequency is one mass scan per 9 s using a total bit rate of 90 bps. The laboratory calibration of the instrument sensitivities was performed using a gas flow method. (Germany) H Trinks and U von Zahn, Rev Sci Instrum, 46 (2), 1975, 213-217. 37. METALLURGY, INORGANIC ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
37~42 1219. Method of analysing gases in glasses. (USSR) A method of determining the proportions of various gases occluded in glass of the kind widely employed in vacuum and radio technology is described. The surface of the glass is heated by an electron beam of low power which is then deflected through a small angle and rotated on a spiral course, its energy gradually increasing as it approaches the centre of the spiral. The gas evolved from the ‘hot spot’ so created may then be extracted and analysed by conventional means. The trajectory and intensity of the electron beam are predetermined in such a way as to ensure local melting in the region under test. 0 D Smiyan, Soviet Patent, class C 03 b, 5124, G 01 p, 33138, No 399464, claimed 22 November 1971, publd 26 February 1974 (in Russian). 37 1220. Apparatus for the vacuum heat treatment of wire in coils. (USSR)
A heating chamber for the vacuum heat treatment of wires in the form of loose or compact coils is proposed; the wires may be composed of a wide variety of metals, steels, and alloys. The heating chamber is furnished with a supplementary heater made, for example, in the form of a tube, to provide local boosted heating wherever required; the cooling chamber is connected to the loading and unloading equipment via special vacuum-tight shutters (valves). The operation of the system depends on the creation of a correct sequence of vacuum conditions in the various chambers through which the wire passes; subject to the approved sequence of pressures, the metal passes readily from one to the other on guiding rollers, and little operator control is required. V N Zemtsov et al, Soviet Patent, class C 21 d, 9152, F 27 b, 9104, No 401740, claimed 5 July 1972, published 12 May 1974 (in Russian). 37 1221. Device for the vacuum pressing of powdered materials. (USSR)
An improved form of stamp for the pressing of powdered materials at ordinary and high temperatures in vacua is described. The two parts of the stamp are so designed as to provide a hermetic seal when the plunger passes into the die. Provision is made for the whole working space to be heated to any desired temperature by means of an electric heating coil. The sealing materials provide both vacuum and thermal insulation. In the open position of the stamp easy access is afforded to all working parts so that servicing operations are relatively simple. The system is capable of a high speed of operation under repetitive working conditions. B A Tatarnikov et al. Soviet Patent, class B 30 6, 15102, B 22 f, 3100, No 405743, claimed 3’May 1971,published 26 March 1974 (in Russian). 37:41
Russian). 33 1217. Thermionic emission from negative electron affinity silicon. (USA) Thermionic emission from negative electron affinity surfaces on silicon has been studied. The value is dependent on the state of activation of the surface, and dark currents in the range 10-“-10-‘3 A/cm’ may be obtained. These values agree with those measured on sealed-off
398
CHEMISTRY,
1222. A vacuum rolling mill. (USSR)
A new type of mill designed for the rolling of metals in racuo is described; its main aim lies in producing metal (e.g. steel) with the best possible combination of strength and ductility by eliminating contaminants and optimising the microstructure. The mill is provided with a quenching tank to facilitate thermomechanical treatment of the