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134 AUDITORY PROCESSING UNDER ROTATING WORK SHIFTS
Abstracts of 3rd International Congress of the Association of Sleep Medicine (WASM) / Sleep Medicine 10, Suppl. 2 (2009) S1–S83
using the single platform technique. A 10% ethanol solution was offered for the first two days of deprivation, followed by a 50% solution on the third day and 10% ethanol with 10% sucrose on the fourth day. Potable water was always available. At the end of the deprivation period, 3 ml of a 50% ethanol solution was orally administered, and 60 minutes thereafter, animals were placed inside wire mesh cages in groups of six and observed for aggressiveness. A group of REM-sleep deprived rats without ethanol treatment served as controls. Results: The total number of fights, counted in 15-minute windows 60 and 120 minutes after grouping, was significantly greater (87 episodes) in the ethanol-treated rats, compared to controls (23) (chi-square test, p<0.0001). Conclusion: Sleep deprivation-induced aggressiveness is an important parameter to be considered in studies relating alcohol abuse and domestic or other kinds of violence. Support: Supported by FAPESP – Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo.
134
AUDITORY PROCESSING UNDER ROTATING WORK SHIFTS
K. Pusch, A. Jessen, M. Krifka. HU Berlin A misalignment of circadian phase, as experienced during rotating shift work, is associated with frequent lapses in attention as well as increased reaction times and error rates on performance (Dinges, 1995). Trends in the risk of accidents and injuries in industrial situations lead to differences between work shifts with regard to performance rate. Performance is decreased in those working the afternoon and night shift compared to those working the morning shift (Folkard & Akerstedt, 2004). The present field study focused on the evaluation of diurnal effects in auditory processing of nurses who work in a rotating shift system. The temporal course of auditory performance was evaluated by using an auditory discrimination task during morning, afternoon and night shifts. Test sessions took place at the beginning, middle and at the end of a work shift. To determine the variation of alertness, the nurses rated their subjective feeling of sleepiness hourly using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale. The Psychomotor Vigilance Test was used to examine the functional status of the constant attention levels during each test session. Diurnal variations of melatonin concentration and body temperature were used as circadian phase markers. Chronotype, mental state of health, subjective sleep-wake behavior and sleep quality were evaluated using different standardized questionnaires. Furthermore, the nurses wore an actimeter over 9 days for an objective evaluation of their sleep-wake patterns. Based on the results of Folkard & Akerstedt (2004), we predict differences in performance and error rates between the morning, afternoon and evening shifts. Furthermore, a temporal relationship between performance and body temperature is expected. We hypothesize that an association between better performance and higher body temperature during the work shift will exist. An initial analysis of the questionnaires suggests a trend for a decrease in sleep quality with progressive years of shift work. This could be responsible for the decrease in the flexibility of the circadian system under shift work conditions. Performance data are still in the collection and analysis phases, which will be completed over the next 2 months.
J2SE architecture. With this software, it is possible to adapt the chosen neuropsychological tests to analyze the hemispheric functional asymmetry. In addition, the software enables parameterization of each test with respect of execution time, accounting and demonstration of results. Future comparative and systematic comparative studies are needed to support the clinical value of the computerized tests.
136
135
LATERALIZED ATTENTION ASSESSMENT COMPUTERIZED SYSTEM
Attention is a fundamental cognitive function that allows us to select among various relevant stimuli and is not processed by only one brain hemisphere. Therefore, we apply attention in different sensory modalities (vision, audition, touch, smell and taste) and stimuli (verbal and non-verbal). Attention deficit disorder (ADD), which impairs stimulus selection, targets about 3 to 5% of children worldwide and is one of the factors responsible for learning disabilities. Some studies indicate a correlation between sleep disorder and attention deficit. The aims of this study are to develop a computerized system (software) to assess lateralized attention or computerized tests that lead to a predominant processing of left or right brain hemispheres. More commonly used neuropsychological tests (computerized or not) were considered and adapted to identify a predominant processing of one or the other brain hemisphere. Currently, the software includes Stroop, Continuous Performance, Match to Sample and Simple Reaction Time tests. The software follows the concepts of free and open source software, coded using Java language and
EFFECTS OF ETHANOL ADMINISTRATION ON LONG-TERM MEMORY DEFICIT INDUCED BY PARTIAL CHRONIC SLEEP DEPRIVATION IN MICE
L. Sanday, C.L. Patti, S.R. Kameda, M.L. Andersen, S. Tufik, R. Frussa-Filho. UNIFESP Introduction: A myriad of physiological alterations can be induced by sleep deprivation (SD) in both humans and laboratory animals. Among them, SD can induce acquisition and consolidation impairment of a memory trace. In parallel, ethanol (Et) is the most abused substance in the world, leading to addiction, and its consumption is usually accompanied by cognitive deficits, not only in chronic users, but also in abstinent alcoholics. Objectives: Considering that Et consumption usually occurs in sleep restriction conditions, we aimed to verify the effects of acute Et administration on learning and memory of partially chronically sleep-deprived (PC-SD) mice tested with the discriminative avoidance task (PM-DAT), which concomitantly evaluates learning/memory, anxiety and motor activity in rodents. In this animal model, mice are exposed to a modified plus-maze in which, in the training session, they receive aversive stimuli (light and cold air blow) when entering the aversive enclosed arm (Av) – but not when entering the non-aversive enclosed arm (NAv). Simultaneously, they avoid the two open arms (OA) of the apparatus. In the test session, they must remember that the Av has been aversive and avoid it. Thus, learning and memory are evaluated by the time spent in the Av versus NAv in the training and in the test sessions, respectively. Anxiety is evaluated by the percent time spent in the open arms (%TOA) and motor activity is evaluated by the total number of entries in all arms of the apparatus (NE). Methods: Male Swiss mice (three-months-old) were submitted to PC-SD (21 h of SD with the multiple platform method from 1 p.m. until 10 p.m. and 3 h in home-cage) for six consecutive days. At the end of the PC-SD, animals received 0.1 g/kg Et or saline injection (i.p.) and five minutes later, they were submitted to a training session. Thirty days after training, mice were submitted to a test session. Results: Our results indicate that neither Et or PC-SD modified learning, anxiety-like behavior or locomotor activity in the training session. Conversely, this PC-SD regime promoted long-term memory deficits in the PMDAT. Moreover, the acute administration of a small dose of ethanol prevented memory deficits induced by sleep restriction. Conclusion: Taken together, our results suggest that partial chronic sleep deprivation for six days is able to promote long-term memory deficits in the PM-DAT. Conversely, the intake of small doses of ethanol could prevent this amnesia.
137
I.J.R. Ribeiro, C.J.R. Campos, I.T. Pisa. Universidade Federal de São Paulo
S37
SLEEP DEPRIVATION BEFORE TRAINING OR TESTING IMPAIRS FEAR CONDITIONING PERFORMANCE: LONG-LASTING EFFECTS ON EXTINCTION
P.A. Tiba, V.C. Rossi, K.M. Moreira, M.G.M. Oliveira, S. Tufik, D. Suchecki. UNIFESP Introduction: Studies have shown that sleep deprivation (SD) negatively impacts cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The study of memory differentiates three distinct phases: acquisition, consolidation, and retrieval. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the role of sleep in these three phases, with special emphasis on retrieval. We also investigated the effect of SD in the extinction of a fearful memory, as well as a possible state-dependent learning induced by SD. Methodology: For each task, animals were trained and were then distributed into control and SD groups. SD lasted 96 h and was applied either immediately before or after training or immediately before testing. Animals were tested in the contextual (CFC) and tone fear conditioning (TFC) paradigms either immediately or at different sleep recovery intervals after SD. Results: The results indicated that a) when applied before training or before
using the single platform technique. A 10% ethanol solution was offered for the first two days of deprivation, followed by a 50% solution on the third day and 10% ethanol with 10% sucrose on the fourth day. Potable water was always available. At the end of the deprivation period, 3 ml of a 50% ethanol solution was orally administered, and 60 minutes thereafter, animals were placed inside wire mesh cages in groups of six and observed for aggressiveness. A group of REM-sleep deprived rats without ethanol treatment served as controls. Results: The total number of fights, counted in 15-minute windows 60 and 120 minutes after grouping, was significantly greater (87 episodes) in the ethanol-treated rats, compared to controls (23) (chi-square test, p<0.0001). Conclusion: Sleep deprivation-induced aggressiveness is an important parameter to be considered in studies relating alcohol abuse and domestic or other kinds of violence. Support: Supported by FAPESP – Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo.
134
AUDITORY PROCESSING UNDER ROTATING WORK SHIFTS
K. Pusch, A. Jessen, M. Krifka. HU Berlin A misalignment of circadian phase, as experienced during rotating shift work, is associated with frequent lapses in attention as well as increased reaction times and error rates on performance (Dinges, 1995). Trends in the risk of accidents and injuries in industrial situations lead to differences between work shifts with regard to performance rate. Performance is decreased in those working the afternoon and night shift compared to those working the morning shift (Folkard & Akerstedt, 2004). The present field study focused on the evaluation of diurnal effects in auditory processing of nurses who work in a rotating shift system. The temporal course of auditory performance was evaluated by using an auditory discrimination task during morning, afternoon and night shifts. Test sessions took place at the beginning, middle and at the end of a work shift. To determine the variation of alertness, the nurses rated their subjective feeling of sleepiness hourly using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale. The Psychomotor Vigilance Test was used to examine the functional status of the constant attention levels during each test session. Diurnal variations of melatonin concentration and body temperature were used as circadian phase markers. Chronotype, mental state of health, subjective sleep-wake behavior and sleep quality were evaluated using different standardized questionnaires. Furthermore, the nurses wore an actimeter over 9 days for an objective evaluation of their sleep-wake patterns. Based on the results of Folkard & Akerstedt (2004), we predict differences in performance and error rates between the morning, afternoon and evening shifts. Furthermore, a temporal relationship between performance and body temperature is expected. We hypothesize that an association between better performance and higher body temperature during the work shift will exist. An initial analysis of the questionnaires suggests a trend for a decrease in sleep quality with progressive years of shift work. This could be responsible for the decrease in the flexibility of the circadian system under shift work conditions. Performance data are still in the collection and analysis phases, which will be completed over the next 2 months.
J2SE architecture. With this software, it is possible to adapt the chosen neuropsychological tests to analyze the hemispheric functional asymmetry. In addition, the software enables parameterization of each test with respect of execution time, accounting and demonstration of results. Future comparative and systematic comparative studies are needed to support the clinical value of the computerized tests.
136
135
LATERALIZED ATTENTION ASSESSMENT COMPUTERIZED SYSTEM
Attention is a fundamental cognitive function that allows us to select among various relevant stimuli and is not processed by only one brain hemisphere. Therefore, we apply attention in different sensory modalities (vision, audition, touch, smell and taste) and stimuli (verbal and non-verbal). Attention deficit disorder (ADD), which impairs stimulus selection, targets about 3 to 5% of children worldwide and is one of the factors responsible for learning disabilities. Some studies indicate a correlation between sleep disorder and attention deficit. The aims of this study are to develop a computerized system (software) to assess lateralized attention or computerized tests that lead to a predominant processing of left or right brain hemispheres. More commonly used neuropsychological tests (computerized or not) were considered and adapted to identify a predominant processing of one or the other brain hemisphere. Currently, the software includes Stroop, Continuous Performance, Match to Sample and Simple Reaction Time tests. The software follows the concepts of free and open source software, coded using Java language and
EFFECTS OF ETHANOL ADMINISTRATION ON LONG-TERM MEMORY DEFICIT INDUCED BY PARTIAL CHRONIC SLEEP DEPRIVATION IN MICE
L. Sanday, C.L. Patti, S.R. Kameda, M.L. Andersen, S. Tufik, R. Frussa-Filho. UNIFESP Introduction: A myriad of physiological alterations can be induced by sleep deprivation (SD) in both humans and laboratory animals. Among them, SD can induce acquisition and consolidation impairment of a memory trace. In parallel, ethanol (Et) is the most abused substance in the world, leading to addiction, and its consumption is usually accompanied by cognitive deficits, not only in chronic users, but also in abstinent alcoholics. Objectives: Considering that Et consumption usually occurs in sleep restriction conditions, we aimed to verify the effects of acute Et administration on learning and memory of partially chronically sleep-deprived (PC-SD) mice tested with the discriminative avoidance task (PM-DAT), which concomitantly evaluates learning/memory, anxiety and motor activity in rodents. In this animal model, mice are exposed to a modified plus-maze in which, in the training session, they receive aversive stimuli (light and cold air blow) when entering the aversive enclosed arm (Av) – but not when entering the non-aversive enclosed arm (NAv). Simultaneously, they avoid the two open arms (OA) of the apparatus. In the test session, they must remember that the Av has been aversive and avoid it. Thus, learning and memory are evaluated by the time spent in the Av versus NAv in the training and in the test sessions, respectively. Anxiety is evaluated by the percent time spent in the open arms (%TOA) and motor activity is evaluated by the total number of entries in all arms of the apparatus (NE). Methods: Male Swiss mice (three-months-old) were submitted to PC-SD (21 h of SD with the multiple platform method from 1 p.m. until 10 p.m. and 3 h in home-cage) for six consecutive days. At the end of the PC-SD, animals received 0.1 g/kg Et or saline injection (i.p.) and five minutes later, they were submitted to a training session. Thirty days after training, mice were submitted to a test session. Results: Our results indicate that neither Et or PC-SD modified learning, anxiety-like behavior or locomotor activity in the training session. Conversely, this PC-SD regime promoted long-term memory deficits in the PMDAT. Moreover, the acute administration of a small dose of ethanol prevented memory deficits induced by sleep restriction. Conclusion: Taken together, our results suggest that partial chronic sleep deprivation for six days is able to promote long-term memory deficits in the PM-DAT. Conversely, the intake of small doses of ethanol could prevent this amnesia.
137
I.J.R. Ribeiro, C.J.R. Campos, I.T. Pisa. Universidade Federal de São Paulo
S37
SLEEP DEPRIVATION BEFORE TRAINING OR TESTING IMPAIRS FEAR CONDITIONING PERFORMANCE: LONG-LASTING EFFECTS ON EXTINCTION
P.A. Tiba, V.C. Rossi, K.M. Moreira, M.G.M. Oliveira, S. Tufik, D. Suchecki. UNIFESP Introduction: Studies have shown that sleep deprivation (SD) negatively impacts cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The study of memory differentiates three distinct phases: acquisition, consolidation, and retrieval. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the role of sleep in these three phases, with special emphasis on retrieval. We also investigated the effect of SD in the extinction of a fearful memory, as well as a possible state-dependent learning induced by SD. Methodology: For each task, animals were trained and were then distributed into control and SD groups. SD lasted 96 h and was applied either immediately before or after training or immediately before testing. Animals were tested in the contextual (CFC) and tone fear conditioning (TFC) paradigms either immediately or at different sleep recovery intervals after SD. Results: The results indicated that a) when applied before training or before