144. Production mass spectrometer.

Abstracts 141m153 36 : 41 141. Steel degassing Based on the Circulating Degassing Process. In principle molten steel is circulated through a dcgassing vessel. The steel is lifted continuously from the ladle through a suction pipe into an evacuated degassing vessel and is returned by a second pipe back into the ladle. The many possible applications of this process in steelmaking could so far not be completely evaluated (present application only for heavy steel forgings). Herbert Thielemann und Hermann Maas, Stahl und Eisen, 79, 276-282, V959.

36 : 41

142. Measurements and Control during the Vacuum Degassing of Molten Steel. The quantities to be measured are as follows : The quantity, pressure and composition of the gases removed in the vacuum lift process (using a gasometer, pressure recorder and gas analysis system) are measured as well as the level changes with time of the molten steel in the lower bath using a float device. In this way data are obtained on the oxygen and hydrogen content as well as the flow velocity of steel from the upper vacuum chamber to the lower bath. Karl Brotzmann, Karl RiJttiger, Klaus F6rster, und Robert Hentrich, Stahl und Eisen, 79,. 410--414, 1959.

285

37 : 49 145. Oxidation of Silicon Carbide in the Temperature Range 1200 to 1500 °. Note by Robert F. Adamsky, J. Phys. Chem., 63, 305-307, Feb. 1959. 37 146. The Fractionation of Oxygen Isotopes between Water and

Sulfur Dioxide. L. L. Brown and J. S. Drury, J. Phys. Chem., 63, 1885-1886, Nov. 1959. 37 147. New Vacuum-Melting Furnace. This note gives some of the pertinent features of a full-scale, pilot consumable-electrode vacuum-melting furnace. Note by D. Freiday, Mech. Eng., 81, 73, Nov. 1959. 37

148. High-Temperature Pressure-Vacuum Furnace. William Ladding and Laurence Hammell, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 30, 885. 37

149. High Temperature Laboratory Vacuum Furnace. E. V. Komelsen and J. O. Weeks, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 30, 290. 37

150. Vacuum Degassing in Ladle--A New Technique in Steel36 : 41 143. The Removal of Oxygen in the Treatment of Steel Melts in Vacuum. The degassing of steel is based on the fact that at lower pressures the solubility of gases in steel is reduced. From this a number of reactions may be considered of which the carbon-oxygen reaction is the most important one for the removal of oxygen from the steel. This is the subject of the above paper. It is necessary to know the degree of outgassing and the time of degassing. If the exposed surfaces are sufficiently large, degassing will be accelerated to the point where the greater part of the oxygen content is removed if the steel is exposed to the vacuum for only 0.4 minutes. (Vacuum lift process, Vacuum induction furnace). Helmut Kntippel, Albrecht Drevermann und Franz Oeters, Stahl und Eisen, 79, 414-419, 1959.

37.

Metallurgy,

Inorganic

Chemistry

and

Analytical

making. Hydrogen and other gases are removed from molten steel while it is in the ladle. By purging with helium while the vacuum is being drawn, hydrogen is reduced to less than 2 ppm in about 15 min. This new technique permits steel from one heat to be poured into several ingots. (Author) Anon., Metal Progress, 76, 111-114, Sept. 1959. 37 151. Mechanical Testing with a 3000°F Radiant Heat Furnace. A radiant heat furnace which operates up to 3000°F is powered by quartz pencil lamps. The test chamber is designed to use any atmosphere--air, vacuum, partial pressure, pressure or inert gases. A.G. J. K. Hoy, Metal Progress, 76, 81-83, Sept. 1959. 37 152. A New Tool for Case Carbon Evaluation. A direct reading vacuum spectrograph can be used to determine the carbon gradient in steel. This method is compared with analyses of carbon by combustion. (Author) Alan Goldblatt, Metal Progress, 76, 87-88, Sept. 1959.

Chemistry

37

37

144. Production Mass Spectrometer. Engineer, 208, 5403, 78, 14 Aug. 1959.

153. Degassing and Vacuum Refining Furnace. Engineer, 208, 5415, 569, 6 Nov. 1959.