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153. Atmospheres of other planets
235
Abstracts 147-166 of free radicals by electron b o m b a r d m e n t of condensed gases at liquid He and liquid H~ temperature. Provisions were made for simultaneous investigations of the b o m b a r d m e n t products by electron diffraction and optical spectroscopy. E. M. Horl and L. Morton, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 29, 859, Oct. 1958. 17 147. Use of Neon in Cryogenics. J. F. Dillon and V. Jaccarino, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 30, No. 2. 17 : 41 148. The Selection of Stainless Steels for Use in Liquid Hydrogen Bubble Chambers. Pierre Amiot, Nuclear Instr. and Methods 4, No. 2. 17:25 149. Hydrogen Liquefaction. United Kingdom. This is a report of a one-day symposium on hydrogen liquefaction and associated techniques, organised by the Low Temperature G r o u p of the Physical Society, and held on March 12th, 1959 at the Institute of Physics in London. It was evident from the attendance at the meeting that interest in the large scale liquefaction of hydrogen is developing in Great Britain. D. H. Bowen, Nature 183, No. 4674, 1504, 30 May 1959. 17 150. Resistance Thermometer Bridge for Measurement of Temperatures in the Liquid Helium Range. United States. A 33-cps resistance thermometer bridge, suitable for precise temperature measurements in the liquid He range, has been designed as a completely self-contained unit. The amplifier has a gain of 120 db, band width of 0.3 cps, and input impedance of 10 g~. With a power dissipation of 2 × 10-8 W in the thermometer, resistance changes of 0.1 f~ can be detected. F o r a typical resistance thermometer this corresponds to a temperature change of 4 × 10-~°K at 2°K. Other features include high rejection of line-frequency pickup, short recovery time after saturation, and a combination gain band-width control which shortens the response time during preliminary balancing operations. (Author) C. Blake, C. E. Chase and E. Maxwell, Rev. Sci. lnstrum. 29, 715-716, Aug. 1958. 17 : 51 151. Growth and Properties of " Whiskers " S. S. Brenner, Science, 128, No. 3324, 569-575, 2 Sept. 1958. 17 : 51 152. Ultrahigh-Pressure Research. H. Tracy Hall, Science 128, No. 3322, 445--449, 29 August 1958. 17 : 34 153. Atmospheres of other Planets. Seymour L. Hess, Science 128, ]No. 3328, 809-814, 10 October 1958. 17 154. Air Conservation. A. J. Haagen-Smit, Science 128, No. 3329, 869-878, 17 October 1958. 17 155. On Evaporation from Wind-swept Surfaces. Karol J. Mysels, Reports, Science 129, No. 3340, 38-39, 2 January 1959. 17 156. How Does a Raindrop Grow ? Roscoe R. Braham, Jr., Science 129, No. 16 January, 1959.
3342, 123-129, 17 : 11 : 51
Cryopnmping.
Abstr. No. 134.
18.
Gaseous Electronics
18 157. Effect of Humidity on the Spark Breakdown Voltage. United Kingdom. Letter by K. R. Allen and K. Phillips, Nature 183, No. 4655, 174, 17 Jan. 1959. 18 158. Alfven Waves in a Gas Discharge. United Kingdom. D. F. Jephcott, Nature 183, No. 4676, 1652, 13 June 1959. 18 159. Some Experiments with an Electrodeless Discharge. United Kingdom. Letter by J. K. Wright, W. T. Ecles and J. D. Herbert, Nature 183, No. 4676, 1665, 13 June 1959. 18 160. Townsend's First Ionization Coefficient in Pure Nitrogen. United Kingdom. Letter by A. E. D. Heylen, Nature 183, No. 4674, 1545, 30 May 1959. 18 161. Production of High Concentrations of Hydrogen Atoms. United Kingdom. Letter by K. R. Jennings and J. W. Linnett, Nature 182, No. 4635, 597, 30 August 1958. 18 162. Vacuum Arcs on Tungsten Cathodes. United Kingdom. In the course of a programme of work on d.c. arc discharges at low gas pressure an interesting p h e n o m e n o n was observed. Photomicrographs of tungsten cathode surfaces were taken before and after an arc of 150 amp. had operated for 30 msec in air at 1 iz Hg. Small areas of tungsten were melted and the craters were distributed along fine cracks which were present before arcing. Letter by H. Wroe, Nature 182, No. 4631, 338, 2 August 1958. 18 163. High Power Vacuum Spark Gap. D. C. Hagerman and A. H. Williams, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 30, No. 3. 18 " 42 : 43 164. Investigation of Breakdown in Vacuum. The authors of this paper have done a very thorough investigation into two separate problems. First they have experimented with the surface dielectric strength of insulators and second they have performed many tests with metallic electrode breakdown in vacuum. The pumping system used for these experiments was a hydrogen condensation cryogenic pump capable of producing pressures of 10 -9 mm. Tables of the results illustrate the most promising dielectrics and also the preferred metals for both anode and cathode use. ¢. L. G. E. S. Borovik and B. P. Batrakov, Soviet Tech. Phys., Eng. Trans. 3, No. 9. 18:56 165. New Developments of Air Cooled Condensers for the Processing Industry. One of the subjects under review is also air cooled condensers for the pressure range 2-5 Tort. W. Rose, Chemie-Ingenieur-Technik 31, 101-105, 1959.
19.
Radiation
19 : 51 166. Electrolumineseence of Zinc Sulfide Phosphors as an Equilibrium Process. The intensity of the time-average output of the steady-state electroluminescence of powdered zinc sulfide phosphors in an intense alternating electric field is characterized by a dynamic equilibrium between the monomolecular collision excitation
Abstracts 147-166 of free radicals by electron b o m b a r d m e n t of condensed gases at liquid He and liquid H~ temperature. Provisions were made for simultaneous investigations of the b o m b a r d m e n t products by electron diffraction and optical spectroscopy. E. M. Horl and L. Morton, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 29, 859, Oct. 1958. 17 147. Use of Neon in Cryogenics. J. F. Dillon and V. Jaccarino, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 30, No. 2. 17 : 41 148. The Selection of Stainless Steels for Use in Liquid Hydrogen Bubble Chambers. Pierre Amiot, Nuclear Instr. and Methods 4, No. 2. 17:25 149. Hydrogen Liquefaction. United Kingdom. This is a report of a one-day symposium on hydrogen liquefaction and associated techniques, organised by the Low Temperature G r o u p of the Physical Society, and held on March 12th, 1959 at the Institute of Physics in London. It was evident from the attendance at the meeting that interest in the large scale liquefaction of hydrogen is developing in Great Britain. D. H. Bowen, Nature 183, No. 4674, 1504, 30 May 1959. 17 150. Resistance Thermometer Bridge for Measurement of Temperatures in the Liquid Helium Range. United States. A 33-cps resistance thermometer bridge, suitable for precise temperature measurements in the liquid He range, has been designed as a completely self-contained unit. The amplifier has a gain of 120 db, band width of 0.3 cps, and input impedance of 10 g~. With a power dissipation of 2 × 10-8 W in the thermometer, resistance changes of 0.1 f~ can be detected. F o r a typical resistance thermometer this corresponds to a temperature change of 4 × 10-~°K at 2°K. Other features include high rejection of line-frequency pickup, short recovery time after saturation, and a combination gain band-width control which shortens the response time during preliminary balancing operations. (Author) C. Blake, C. E. Chase and E. Maxwell, Rev. Sci. lnstrum. 29, 715-716, Aug. 1958. 17 : 51 151. Growth and Properties of " Whiskers " S. S. Brenner, Science, 128, No. 3324, 569-575, 2 Sept. 1958. 17 : 51 152. Ultrahigh-Pressure Research. H. Tracy Hall, Science 128, No. 3322, 445--449, 29 August 1958. 17 : 34 153. Atmospheres of other Planets. Seymour L. Hess, Science 128, ]No. 3328, 809-814, 10 October 1958. 17 154. Air Conservation. A. J. Haagen-Smit, Science 128, No. 3329, 869-878, 17 October 1958. 17 155. On Evaporation from Wind-swept Surfaces. Karol J. Mysels, Reports, Science 129, No. 3340, 38-39, 2 January 1959. 17 156. How Does a Raindrop Grow ? Roscoe R. Braham, Jr., Science 129, No. 16 January, 1959.
3342, 123-129, 17 : 11 : 51
Cryopnmping.
Abstr. No. 134.
18.
Gaseous Electronics
18 157. Effect of Humidity on the Spark Breakdown Voltage. United Kingdom. Letter by K. R. Allen and K. Phillips, Nature 183, No. 4655, 174, 17 Jan. 1959. 18 158. Alfven Waves in a Gas Discharge. United Kingdom. D. F. Jephcott, Nature 183, No. 4676, 1652, 13 June 1959. 18 159. Some Experiments with an Electrodeless Discharge. United Kingdom. Letter by J. K. Wright, W. T. Ecles and J. D. Herbert, Nature 183, No. 4676, 1665, 13 June 1959. 18 160. Townsend's First Ionization Coefficient in Pure Nitrogen. United Kingdom. Letter by A. E. D. Heylen, Nature 183, No. 4674, 1545, 30 May 1959. 18 161. Production of High Concentrations of Hydrogen Atoms. United Kingdom. Letter by K. R. Jennings and J. W. Linnett, Nature 182, No. 4635, 597, 30 August 1958. 18 162. Vacuum Arcs on Tungsten Cathodes. United Kingdom. In the course of a programme of work on d.c. arc discharges at low gas pressure an interesting p h e n o m e n o n was observed. Photomicrographs of tungsten cathode surfaces were taken before and after an arc of 150 amp. had operated for 30 msec in air at 1 iz Hg. Small areas of tungsten were melted and the craters were distributed along fine cracks which were present before arcing. Letter by H. Wroe, Nature 182, No. 4631, 338, 2 August 1958. 18 163. High Power Vacuum Spark Gap. D. C. Hagerman and A. H. Williams, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 30, No. 3. 18 " 42 : 43 164. Investigation of Breakdown in Vacuum. The authors of this paper have done a very thorough investigation into two separate problems. First they have experimented with the surface dielectric strength of insulators and second they have performed many tests with metallic electrode breakdown in vacuum. The pumping system used for these experiments was a hydrogen condensation cryogenic pump capable of producing pressures of 10 -9 mm. Tables of the results illustrate the most promising dielectrics and also the preferred metals for both anode and cathode use. ¢. L. G. E. S. Borovik and B. P. Batrakov, Soviet Tech. Phys., Eng. Trans. 3, No. 9. 18:56 165. New Developments of Air Cooled Condensers for the Processing Industry. One of the subjects under review is also air cooled condensers for the pressure range 2-5 Tort. W. Rose, Chemie-Ingenieur-Technik 31, 101-105, 1959.
19.
Radiation
19 : 51 166. Electrolumineseence of Zinc Sulfide Phosphors as an Equilibrium Process. The intensity of the time-average output of the steady-state electroluminescence of powdered zinc sulfide phosphors in an intense alternating electric field is characterized by a dynamic equilibrium between the monomolecular collision excitation