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1588. EDTA hits the liver
PROCESSINGAIDS, AGRICULTURALCHEMICALS
535
PROCESSING AIDS 1588. EDTA hits the liver Reuber, M. D. (1967). Hepatic lesions in young rats given calcium disodium edetate. Toxic. appl. Pharmac. 11, 321. No toxic effects were detected in rats or dogs when calcium edetate (CaEDTA) was fed in the diet at 5000 ppm for 2 yr (Cited in F.C.T. 1963, 1, 281). Nevertheless, well-documented cases of kidney damage have been reported after the therapeutic administration of EDTA, particularly as the sodium salt (Na2EDTA) (ibid. 1963, 1,281 ; ibid. 1965, 3, 641 ; ibid. 1967, 5, 114). In the paper cited above, the appearance of liver damage is described for the first time in young rats injected with CaNa2EDTA, the compound now usually administered in treatment of lead-poisoning. Groups of rats of different ages were given 500 mg/kg by daily intraperitoneal injection for 21 days. Both sexes of the 52-wk-old animals died within 5-7 days; 24-wk-old males survived for about 7 days and females for 18-21 days; 4-day-old animals lived an average of 13 days. The cause of death was nephrosis. The 4-wk-old animals, on the other hand, survived the 21-day treatment period and showed only mild hydropic change in the kidney, but striking hepatic lesions were found in this group. Hydropic changes in the liver parenchyma were more severe and diffuse in females than in males, but the incidence of necrotic parenchymal cells in the midzonal and periportal regions was the same in both sexes. The hydropic lesions were shown to be reversible in a second experiment on 4-wk-old rats, which were given similar injections for 21 days but sacrificed 63 days after the last injection, liver biopsies having been taken at intervals during the intervening period. The authors suggest that the mechanism of hydropic change may be similar in both kidney and liver, but the particular susceptibility of the 4-wk-old liver remains unexplained.
A G R I C U L T U R A L CHEMICALS
1589. Guthion Toxicity: Quails Differ Gough, B. J., Escuriex, L. A. & Shellenberger, T. E. (1967). A comparative toxicologic study of a phosphorodithioate in Japanese and bobwhite quail. Toxic. appl. Pharmac. 11, 12. It has been suggested that species differences in susceptibility to organophosphate poisoning may be linked to brain cholinesterase activity (Cited in F.C.T. 1967, 5, 827). Such a hypothesis may help to explain the finding, reported in the paper cited above, that bobwhite quail (Calinus virginianus virginianus) are considerably more sensitive to poisoning with guthion (1) than are Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Growth in bobwhite quail was significantly reduced by the feeding of 20 ppm I, whereas growth was retarded only in female Japanese quail by 540 ppm and males were not affected. The mortality rate among bobwhites at 10 days was 80 % following feeding with 540 ppm I and 30% with 180 ppm, whereas that of Japanese quail fed similar amounts did not differ from the rate among control birds. However, 540 ppm I delayed and markedly reduced egg production and slightly lowered hatchability in Japanese quail. A marked inhibition of whole-blood cholines terase by 60 ppm I appeared in bobwhites after 4 wk and in Japanese F.C.T.
6/¢--G
535
PROCESSING AIDS 1588. EDTA hits the liver Reuber, M. D. (1967). Hepatic lesions in young rats given calcium disodium edetate. Toxic. appl. Pharmac. 11, 321. No toxic effects were detected in rats or dogs when calcium edetate (CaEDTA) was fed in the diet at 5000 ppm for 2 yr (Cited in F.C.T. 1963, 1, 281). Nevertheless, well-documented cases of kidney damage have been reported after the therapeutic administration of EDTA, particularly as the sodium salt (Na2EDTA) (ibid. 1963, 1,281 ; ibid. 1965, 3, 641 ; ibid. 1967, 5, 114). In the paper cited above, the appearance of liver damage is described for the first time in young rats injected with CaNa2EDTA, the compound now usually administered in treatment of lead-poisoning. Groups of rats of different ages were given 500 mg/kg by daily intraperitoneal injection for 21 days. Both sexes of the 52-wk-old animals died within 5-7 days; 24-wk-old males survived for about 7 days and females for 18-21 days; 4-day-old animals lived an average of 13 days. The cause of death was nephrosis. The 4-wk-old animals, on the other hand, survived the 21-day treatment period and showed only mild hydropic change in the kidney, but striking hepatic lesions were found in this group. Hydropic changes in the liver parenchyma were more severe and diffuse in females than in males, but the incidence of necrotic parenchymal cells in the midzonal and periportal regions was the same in both sexes. The hydropic lesions were shown to be reversible in a second experiment on 4-wk-old rats, which were given similar injections for 21 days but sacrificed 63 days after the last injection, liver biopsies having been taken at intervals during the intervening period. The authors suggest that the mechanism of hydropic change may be similar in both kidney and liver, but the particular susceptibility of the 4-wk-old liver remains unexplained.
A G R I C U L T U R A L CHEMICALS
1589. Guthion Toxicity: Quails Differ Gough, B. J., Escuriex, L. A. & Shellenberger, T. E. (1967). A comparative toxicologic study of a phosphorodithioate in Japanese and bobwhite quail. Toxic. appl. Pharmac. 11, 12. It has been suggested that species differences in susceptibility to organophosphate poisoning may be linked to brain cholinesterase activity (Cited in F.C.T. 1967, 5, 827). Such a hypothesis may help to explain the finding, reported in the paper cited above, that bobwhite quail (Calinus virginianus virginianus) are considerably more sensitive to poisoning with guthion (1) than are Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Growth in bobwhite quail was significantly reduced by the feeding of 20 ppm I, whereas growth was retarded only in female Japanese quail by 540 ppm and males were not affected. The mortality rate among bobwhites at 10 days was 80 % following feeding with 540 ppm I and 30% with 180 ppm, whereas that of Japanese quail fed similar amounts did not differ from the rate among control birds. However, 540 ppm I delayed and markedly reduced egg production and slightly lowered hatchability in Japanese quail. A marked inhibition of whole-blood cholines terase by 60 ppm I appeared in bobwhites after 4 wk and in Japanese F.C.T.
6/¢--G