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1596. Vacuum arc remelting using three electrodes and alternating currents
Classified
abstracts
1576-1597
M Kikuchi, Tram Natl Res Inst Metals (Tokyo),
7 (4), 1965,114-l
38. 37
1576. Influence of vacuum refining of ahuninium on gas content. (USSR)
The effect of vacuum degassing, temperature, pressure and time and initial gas content on thefinal gas content and mechanical properties of A14. A15. and A19 Al alloys is investigated. The tests are conducted’in ai industrial vacuum distributing furnace at a residual pressure of over 1 torr and 720-750°C for 25-30 min. The effect of vacuum degassing Al alloys on their immunity to reverse gas adsorption is determined. P P Berg et al, Liteinoe Proizv, 8, 1965, 39-40, (in Russian) 31 1577. Thermodynamic conditions of metal degassing during vacuum melting. (USSR)
A refractory metal/gas system is evaluated with regard to degassing capability under conditions of high vacuum refining. Evaluation is based on a coefficient relating composition in the vapour and liquid phases which is a measure of the capacity of the metal for purification. This coefficient is directly proportional to the gas concentration in the metal and exponentially related to the temperature of the melt. The influence of temperature on the effectiveness of cleansing is a function of the heat of gas dissolution in the metal and its ratio to the heat of metal vaporization. V I Lakomskii, Zzv Vysshikh Uchebn Zavedenii Tsvetn Met, NO 5, 1965,
135-137,
(in Russian). 31
1578. Preparation of PuC pellets by vacuum sintering. 0 L Kruger, Nucl Appl, l(4), 1965, 348-355.
While gas removal is more effective with vacuum methods, sulphur and other impurities are more effectively removed by electroslag remelting. This results in superior ductility compared with vacuum remelted metal. J Hlineny, et al, Hutnicka Conf VSBV Ostrave, Sbornik Referatu Ocelarske
Sekoc,
1965,
203-207,
(in Czech).
37 1588. Influence of vacuum degassing and deoxidising of steel on the formation of surface defects in continuous cast billets. (USSR) P Ya Zhuravlev, et al, Stal, 10, 1965, 891-894, (in Russian). 31 1589. A laboratory disk vacuum filter. (USSR)
A simple compact laboratory vacuum filter for chemical and metallurgical suspensions consists of a 0.58 m diameter disk with a 0.25 m2 filtering surface. The disk, assembled on a horizontal cellulartype drum, of tubular construction, is immersed in a steam-jacketed trough with agitator. The disk is divided into 10 sectors from which the liquid is drained through corresponding channels in the cellular drum. V P Tamtin, Khim i Neft Mashinostr, 12, 1966, 3, (in Russian). 37 1590. Argon degassing practice and results.
(USA)
A review of electric furnace practice for production of alloy, mediumand high-carbon steels. R J Choulet, et al, J Metals, 18 (I), 1966, 72-78. 37 1591. Increasing the processing capacity of vacuum distillation plants
(for crude oil) utilizing a distillation-refining-redistillation scheme.
(USA)
(Rumania) 31
1579. Melting and Casting. Beryllium - Its Metallurgy and Properties. H H Hausner, (Editor), University of California Press, 1965, 55-67. 31 1580. Kinetics of adsorption of water vapour and electrical conduction in bovine albumin. (Great Britain) A vacuum microbalance has been constructed and used to make rate and equilibrium studies of the adsorption of water vapour on bovine plasma albumin. D D Eley and R B Leslie, Trans Faraday Sot, 62, Apr 1966, 100-I 14. 31 1581. Quality improvement by vacuum degassing. (USA) K Knaggs and P H Broxham, Iron Steel Znst (London), Spec Rept, 92. 1965, 170-I 75. 31 1582. Rate of desulphurization of ferroalloys in vacuum melting.
(Japan)
The vacuum melting of Fe-S, Fe-C-S, Fe-C-&S alloys was carried out at 1350°C and in the temperature range 1500-1600°C using a MO resistance furnace and two induction furnaces respectively. M Homma and R Ohono, Nippon Kinzoku, 29, 1965, 73-78, (in Japanese). 31 1583. Effect of vacuum pouring on the concentration of gases in steels. (USSR) A V Mikul’chik, “Gases in Cast Metals”, 1965, Edited by B B Gulyaev, 39-42, (in Russian). 31 1584. Degassing by evacuating liquid-metal in the ladle during pouring and by injection of inert gases into the metal under vacuum. (USSR) N M Chniko, et al, “Gases in Cast Metals”, 1965, Edited by B B Gulyaev, 25-32, (in Russian). 37 1585. Effect of vacuum on the structure of cast iron. (USSR) I V Kuz’min and V P Chemobrovkin, “Gases in Cast Metals”, 1965, Edited by B B Gulyaev, 122-123, (in Russian). 3-l 1586. Effect of vacuum treatment of cast iron on its structure and properties. (USSR) V P Migai, “Gases in Cast Metals”, 1965, Edited by B B Gulyaev, I24- I2 7, (in Russian). 37 1587. A comparison of the vacuum and electroslag remelting processes for alloy steels. (Czechoslovakia)
Heat-resisting 12 per cent Cr steel and transformer steel as well as bearing and austenitic stainless steel were remelted in vacuum and electroslag furnaces on the laboratory scale in a series of 40 mns.
The processing capacity of vacuum-distillation plants in which the same column is used successively for the distillation of an overhead from the reduced crude oil and then the redistillation of the refined overhead, can be increased by the use of a supplementary column. The suggested processing scheme consists of vacuum flashing of the reduced crude in a new column, refining of the overhead distillate, and rerunning of the raffinate in the existing column. An outline of the design calculations for steam and vacuum requirements is given for doubling the processing capacity of a plant by the above method. R C Tunesco and A Andronic, Petrol Gaze (Bucharest), 16 (9), 1965, 482-487,
(in Rumanian). 37
1592. Vacuum cladding of titanium.
(USSR)
Strong bimetals Ti-Nb, Ti-Ta, and Ti-Mo were prepared by vacuum cladding at 1200°C. Prolonged heating caused deep diffusion and structural changes in the contact zones, without embrittlement and weakening of the bond. R A Ul’vanov and S F Kovtun. Tsvetn. Metal. 37 (I2), 1965, 7981, (in Russian). 31 1593. Vacuum degasser for metals.
(Germany)
Metals can be degassed without balling or cooling at as low a vacuum as 0.05 torr if a feeding vessel is mounted atop the degasser and the melt is fed in by a refractory duct submerged at least 130 cm below the metal surface. T Messing, German Patent 1,209,134 (CIC Zlc), 20 Jan 1966, Appl8
July 1964,
5 pages.
3-l 1594. Apparatus for producing a mixture of a gas and the vapours of a
liquid. J Neumann and B Neumannova, Czech Patent 15 Feb 1965, Appl26
Nov 1963,
113,752
(CIB
Olf),
4 pages. 37
1595. New types of sugar vacuum pans.
(Germany)
A review lecture describing recent developments and improvements vacuum pans. D Wagner, Zucker, 19 (3), 1966, 55-62, (in German).
in
31
Vacuum arc remelting using three electrodes and alternating currents. (USA) Anon, Iron and Steel, 39 (3), Mar 1966, 92. 1596.
37 1597. Steel degassing by the process of the Bochumer Verein. (Germany) A Sickbert and P Schwarzficher, Krupp Tech Review, 23 (3), I 17-I 24, (in German).
1965,
473
abstracts
1576-1597
M Kikuchi, Tram Natl Res Inst Metals (Tokyo),
7 (4), 1965,114-l
38. 37
1576. Influence of vacuum refining of ahuninium on gas content. (USSR)
The effect of vacuum degassing, temperature, pressure and time and initial gas content on thefinal gas content and mechanical properties of A14. A15. and A19 Al alloys is investigated. The tests are conducted’in ai industrial vacuum distributing furnace at a residual pressure of over 1 torr and 720-750°C for 25-30 min. The effect of vacuum degassing Al alloys on their immunity to reverse gas adsorption is determined. P P Berg et al, Liteinoe Proizv, 8, 1965, 39-40, (in Russian) 31 1577. Thermodynamic conditions of metal degassing during vacuum melting. (USSR)
A refractory metal/gas system is evaluated with regard to degassing capability under conditions of high vacuum refining. Evaluation is based on a coefficient relating composition in the vapour and liquid phases which is a measure of the capacity of the metal for purification. This coefficient is directly proportional to the gas concentration in the metal and exponentially related to the temperature of the melt. The influence of temperature on the effectiveness of cleansing is a function of the heat of gas dissolution in the metal and its ratio to the heat of metal vaporization. V I Lakomskii, Zzv Vysshikh Uchebn Zavedenii Tsvetn Met, NO 5, 1965,
135-137,
(in Russian). 31
1578. Preparation of PuC pellets by vacuum sintering. 0 L Kruger, Nucl Appl, l(4), 1965, 348-355.
While gas removal is more effective with vacuum methods, sulphur and other impurities are more effectively removed by electroslag remelting. This results in superior ductility compared with vacuum remelted metal. J Hlineny, et al, Hutnicka Conf VSBV Ostrave, Sbornik Referatu Ocelarske
Sekoc,
1965,
203-207,
(in Czech).
37 1588. Influence of vacuum degassing and deoxidising of steel on the formation of surface defects in continuous cast billets. (USSR) P Ya Zhuravlev, et al, Stal, 10, 1965, 891-894, (in Russian). 31 1589. A laboratory disk vacuum filter. (USSR)
A simple compact laboratory vacuum filter for chemical and metallurgical suspensions consists of a 0.58 m diameter disk with a 0.25 m2 filtering surface. The disk, assembled on a horizontal cellulartype drum, of tubular construction, is immersed in a steam-jacketed trough with agitator. The disk is divided into 10 sectors from which the liquid is drained through corresponding channels in the cellular drum. V P Tamtin, Khim i Neft Mashinostr, 12, 1966, 3, (in Russian). 37 1590. Argon degassing practice and results.
(USA)
A review of electric furnace practice for production of alloy, mediumand high-carbon steels. R J Choulet, et al, J Metals, 18 (I), 1966, 72-78. 37 1591. Increasing the processing capacity of vacuum distillation plants
(for crude oil) utilizing a distillation-refining-redistillation scheme.
(USA)
(Rumania) 31
1579. Melting and Casting. Beryllium - Its Metallurgy and Properties. H H Hausner, (Editor), University of California Press, 1965, 55-67. 31 1580. Kinetics of adsorption of water vapour and electrical conduction in bovine albumin. (Great Britain) A vacuum microbalance has been constructed and used to make rate and equilibrium studies of the adsorption of water vapour on bovine plasma albumin. D D Eley and R B Leslie, Trans Faraday Sot, 62, Apr 1966, 100-I 14. 31 1581. Quality improvement by vacuum degassing. (USA) K Knaggs and P H Broxham, Iron Steel Znst (London), Spec Rept, 92. 1965, 170-I 75. 31 1582. Rate of desulphurization of ferroalloys in vacuum melting.
(Japan)
The vacuum melting of Fe-S, Fe-C-S, Fe-C-&S alloys was carried out at 1350°C and in the temperature range 1500-1600°C using a MO resistance furnace and two induction furnaces respectively. M Homma and R Ohono, Nippon Kinzoku, 29, 1965, 73-78, (in Japanese). 31 1583. Effect of vacuum pouring on the concentration of gases in steels. (USSR) A V Mikul’chik, “Gases in Cast Metals”, 1965, Edited by B B Gulyaev, 39-42, (in Russian). 31 1584. Degassing by evacuating liquid-metal in the ladle during pouring and by injection of inert gases into the metal under vacuum. (USSR) N M Chniko, et al, “Gases in Cast Metals”, 1965, Edited by B B Gulyaev, 25-32, (in Russian). 37 1585. Effect of vacuum on the structure of cast iron. (USSR) I V Kuz’min and V P Chemobrovkin, “Gases in Cast Metals”, 1965, Edited by B B Gulyaev, 122-123, (in Russian). 3-l 1586. Effect of vacuum treatment of cast iron on its structure and properties. (USSR) V P Migai, “Gases in Cast Metals”, 1965, Edited by B B Gulyaev, I24- I2 7, (in Russian). 37 1587. A comparison of the vacuum and electroslag remelting processes for alloy steels. (Czechoslovakia)
Heat-resisting 12 per cent Cr steel and transformer steel as well as bearing and austenitic stainless steel were remelted in vacuum and electroslag furnaces on the laboratory scale in a series of 40 mns.
The processing capacity of vacuum-distillation plants in which the same column is used successively for the distillation of an overhead from the reduced crude oil and then the redistillation of the refined overhead, can be increased by the use of a supplementary column. The suggested processing scheme consists of vacuum flashing of the reduced crude in a new column, refining of the overhead distillate, and rerunning of the raffinate in the existing column. An outline of the design calculations for steam and vacuum requirements is given for doubling the processing capacity of a plant by the above method. R C Tunesco and A Andronic, Petrol Gaze (Bucharest), 16 (9), 1965, 482-487,
(in Rumanian). 37
1592. Vacuum cladding of titanium.
(USSR)
Strong bimetals Ti-Nb, Ti-Ta, and Ti-Mo were prepared by vacuum cladding at 1200°C. Prolonged heating caused deep diffusion and structural changes in the contact zones, without embrittlement and weakening of the bond. R A Ul’vanov and S F Kovtun. Tsvetn. Metal. 37 (I2), 1965, 7981, (in Russian). 31 1593. Vacuum degasser for metals.
(Germany)
Metals can be degassed without balling or cooling at as low a vacuum as 0.05 torr if a feeding vessel is mounted atop the degasser and the melt is fed in by a refractory duct submerged at least 130 cm below the metal surface. T Messing, German Patent 1,209,134 (CIC Zlc), 20 Jan 1966, Appl8
July 1964,
5 pages.
3-l 1594. Apparatus for producing a mixture of a gas and the vapours of a
liquid. J Neumann and B Neumannova, Czech Patent 15 Feb 1965, Appl26
Nov 1963,
113,752
(CIB
Olf),
4 pages. 37
1595. New types of sugar vacuum pans.
(Germany)
A review lecture describing recent developments and improvements vacuum pans. D Wagner, Zucker, 19 (3), 1966, 55-62, (in German).
in
31
Vacuum arc remelting using three electrodes and alternating currents. (USA) Anon, Iron and Steel, 39 (3), Mar 1966, 92. 1596.
37 1597. Steel degassing by the process of the Bochumer Verein. (Germany) A Sickbert and P Schwarzficher, Krupp Tech Review, 23 (3), I 17-I 24, (in German).
1965,
473