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CPPS) from Finland, Germany, Italy and Switzerland: Results of a multinational observational study
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Risk factors analysis in patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) from Finland, Germany, Italy and Switzerland: Results of a multinational observational study Eur Urol Suppl 2013;12;e160
Wagenlehner F.M.E.1, Spangenberg M.1, Magri V.2, Mehik A.3, Hochreiter W.4, Bödecker H.5, Weidner W.1, Perletti G.6 1
Justus-Liebig-University, Dept. of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Giessen, Germany, 2Azienda
Ospedaliera Istituti Clinici De Perfezionamento, Dept. of Urology and Sonography Outpatient Clinic, Milan, Italy, 3University
Clinic of Oulu, Dept. of Surgery, Div.of Urology, Oulu, Finland, 4Hospital Aarau, Dept. of Urology, Aarau,
Switzerland, 5Justus-Liebig-University, Dept. of Medical Informatics, Giessen, Germany, 6Università Degli Studi Dell´Insubria, Dept. of Biomedical Research, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Busto A./Varese, Italy INTRODUCTION & OBJECTIVES: CP/CPPS is a common disease and lifestyle factors are often discussed to have a considerable impact on symptom severity, which could be targeted in phenotype directed therapy. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between symptom severity (CPSI-score) and lifestyle factors in different European regions. MATERIAL & METHODS: 219 patients were recruited over a one year period in the research centers in Finland (n=40), Germany/ Switzerland (n=33) and Italy (n=146) by physician administered questionaires. Investigated risk factors for influence were education level, work type, exposure to heat or cold, diet, sporting activities, partnership, sexual activity and erectile dysfunction, age, abdominal symptoms and region. An initial univariate analysis (exact test by Fisher) with CPSI-score as dependent variable was performed for all and in a second step for individual regions. Because of interregional variability of influencing factors, the Breslow-Day-test (asymptotic) and Zelen-test (exact) were used in further univariate analyses with region as strata-variable, to show comparability of influencing factors between regions. The region-combined influence of a factor was calculated with the Maentel-Haenszel-test. RESULTS: Region per se had the strongest effect on symptom severity (p=0.00021). Influencing factors varied between regions: the influences of exposure to cold (p=0.1856) and abdominal symptoms (p=0.1119) were highest in Finland, of education level (p=0.0151), sexual activity (p=0.0574) and erectile dysfunction (p=0.0151) in Germany/ Switzerland, of age (p=0.0698) in Italy. The other investigated risk factors did not show to have influential effects. In the region-combined analysis age was the only strong influencing factor (p=0.0586). CONCLUSIONS: In this multinational study in CP/CPPS patients some region dependent influencing factors were found, which could be considered in phenotype directed treatment.
Risk factors analysis in patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) from Finland, Germany, Italy and Switzerland: Results of a multinational observational study Eur Urol Suppl 2013;12;e160
Wagenlehner F.M.E.1, Spangenberg M.1, Magri V.2, Mehik A.3, Hochreiter W.4, Bödecker H.5, Weidner W.1, Perletti G.6 1
Justus-Liebig-University, Dept. of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Giessen, Germany, 2Azienda
Ospedaliera Istituti Clinici De Perfezionamento, Dept. of Urology and Sonography Outpatient Clinic, Milan, Italy, 3University
Clinic of Oulu, Dept. of Surgery, Div.of Urology, Oulu, Finland, 4Hospital Aarau, Dept. of Urology, Aarau,
Switzerland, 5Justus-Liebig-University, Dept. of Medical Informatics, Giessen, Germany, 6Università Degli Studi Dell´Insubria, Dept. of Biomedical Research, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Busto A./Varese, Italy INTRODUCTION & OBJECTIVES: CP/CPPS is a common disease and lifestyle factors are often discussed to have a considerable impact on symptom severity, which could be targeted in phenotype directed therapy. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between symptom severity (CPSI-score) and lifestyle factors in different European regions. MATERIAL & METHODS: 219 patients were recruited over a one year period in the research centers in Finland (n=40), Germany/ Switzerland (n=33) and Italy (n=146) by physician administered questionaires. Investigated risk factors for influence were education level, work type, exposure to heat or cold, diet, sporting activities, partnership, sexual activity and erectile dysfunction, age, abdominal symptoms and region. An initial univariate analysis (exact test by Fisher) with CPSI-score as dependent variable was performed for all and in a second step for individual regions. Because of interregional variability of influencing factors, the Breslow-Day-test (asymptotic) and Zelen-test (exact) were used in further univariate analyses with region as strata-variable, to show comparability of influencing factors between regions. The region-combined influence of a factor was calculated with the Maentel-Haenszel-test. RESULTS: Region per se had the strongest effect on symptom severity (p=0.00021). Influencing factors varied between regions: the influences of exposure to cold (p=0.1856) and abdominal symptoms (p=0.1119) were highest in Finland, of education level (p=0.0151), sexual activity (p=0.0574) and erectile dysfunction (p=0.0151) in Germany/ Switzerland, of age (p=0.0698) in Italy. The other investigated risk factors did not show to have influential effects. In the region-combined analysis age was the only strong influencing factor (p=0.0586). CONCLUSIONS: In this multinational study in CP/CPPS patients some region dependent influencing factors were found, which could be considered in phenotype directed treatment.