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1609. Determination of wettability, surface tension and density by the sessile drop method with dosing of alloys during experiment
Classified abstracts 1608-1618 V G Gordon et al, Neorg Mater, 7 (6), 1971, 1084-1085 (in Russian). 37 1608. Apparatus for measurement of high-temperature deformation in ceramic materials using the method of bending. (USSR) A n apparatus for investigation of creep at temperatures up to 1900°C in dense ceramic samples, subjected to bending in vacuum at 2 × 10-s torr, is described. The apparatus consists of a water-cooled hermetic chamber, a vacuum lock enabling exchange of samples without switching off the pumps, a loading arrangement and heads for measurement of load forces, deformation and temperature. An electric resistive furnace is used. E I Akselrod et al, Zavodsk Lab, 37 (1), 1971, 110-111 (in Russian). 37 1609. Determination of wettability, surface tension and density by the sessile drop method with dosing of alloys during experiment. (USSR) The technique of dosing drops of molten metal during the experiment is described which enables the properties of a series of alloys to be determined in one experiment. The vacuum chamber for the dosing arrangement is described. Examples of investigations are the wetting of sapphire by gold-titanium alloy and quartz glass by tin-titanium alloy, in vacuum at 5 × 10-6 tort. Yu V Naydich and V S Zburavlev, Zavadsk Lab, 37 (4), 1971, 452-453
(in Russian).
IV. Materials and techniques used in vacuum technology 42. GLASS, CERAMICS AND REFRACTORY OXIDES 42 1610. Annealing of quartz tubes. (USSR) Approximate calculations and the experimental verification of the annealing parameters for fused silica tubes are carried out. It is found that the optimum annealing temperature for fused silica tubes, with diameter 1 to 2 mm, is 1050°C. V F Lyasin and L V Nozik, Elektron Tekh Mater, 7, 1970, 51-56 (in
Russian). 46. GLASS BLOWING, GLASS-TO-METAL AND CERAMICTO-METAL SEALING TECHNIQUES 46 1611. Low-temperature metallization of high-earth ceramics with refractory metals. (Roumania) Investigations on low-temperature methods of metallization for highearth ceramics with refractory metals are carried out to provide vacuum-tight metal-to-ceramic seal. L Diaeonu et al, VII Sesiune Comun Tehn-Stiint Sec, Bucuresti, 1970, 1-13 (in German). 46 1612. Determination of the tensile strength of ceramic seals at different temperatures. (USSR) Method and apparatus for investigating the tensile strength of ceramic-to-ceramic seals at different temperatures in vacuum are described. Maximum temperature of 2000°C, pressure of 10-4 torr and maximum load of 1000 kg are available with this system. The apparatus can also be used for sealing ceramic samples. K K Khrenov et al, Zavodsk Lab, 37 (3), 1971, 365-367 (in Russian).
46 1613. Thermodynamic evaluation of influence of protective atmospheres on metals used in sealing to ceramics. (USSR) Metallization and sealing of ceramics to metals must be performed in vacuum or in an atmosphere of protective gas. In the former case interaction of metals with gases is excluded and in the latter case the interaction is enhanced. Efficiency of utilization of the gaseous protective medium in metal-to-ceramic sealing is evaluated using a thermodynamic approach. Calculations show that a thermodynamic probability of oxidation exists for many metals in vacuum and in an inert gas medium, while formation of nitrides is impossible for other metals. M A Matveev et al, Elektron Tekh Materialy, 7, 1970, 72-76 (in
Russian). 46 1614. Design of the constructional elements of matched ceramic-tocopper seals. (USSR) A method for determining geometry of a ceramic-to-copper seal, with a required resistance to thermal shock, is presented. V K Eroshev and V D Pavlova, Elektron Tekh Mater, 7, 1970, 77-85
(in Russian). 46 1615. Measurement of the strength of the glass bond to metal in seals with conical feedthrough. (USSR) A method for measurement of the bond strength of glass-to-metal seals, with a conical form of feedthrough, is presented. It is found that the bond strength depends on the maximum sealing temperature. S A Nikolaeva and V K Frolov, Elektron Tekh Materialy, 7, 1970, 17-
23 (in Russian). 47. OUTGASSING DATA, VAPOUR PRESSURE DATA, GETTERING DATA, RESIDUAL GASES IN VACUUM SYSTEMS, RESIDUAL GAS ANALYSIS 47 1616. Outgassing of rubber components. (USSR) The outgassing of rubber components is investigated at temperatures of 20 and 36°C. It is found that at 36°C the evolution rate of gases and vapours of organic compounds considerably exceeds 10 e torr litre/ sPA::. I A Kalyabina, Elektron Tekh Elektron SVCh, 2, 1971, 125 (in
Russian). 47 1617. Properties of SeOCI2 in liquid and gaseous states. (USSR) The saturated vapour pressure data and other properties of SeOCI~ in the liquid and gaseous states are determined. L A Niselson et al, Neorg Mater, 7 (5), 1971, 792-794 (in Russian). 47 1618. Investigation of evaporation of InSe. (USSR) Saturated vapour pressure data above molten InSe are measured in a broad temperature range up to 1250°K. Two methods are used, measurement of the total vapour pressure by a quartz Bourdon manometer and investigation of electronic and infrared absorption spectra of gaseous components. The gas phase above the melt consists of In, Se, Se~, InSe, In=Sea and InzSe. Temperature dependences of partial pressures of all components and their evaporation entropies are determined. Ya Kh Grinberg et al, Neorg Mater, 7 (5), 1971, 769-772 (in Russian).
627
(in Russian).
IV. Materials and techniques used in vacuum technology 42. GLASS, CERAMICS AND REFRACTORY OXIDES 42 1610. Annealing of quartz tubes. (USSR) Approximate calculations and the experimental verification of the annealing parameters for fused silica tubes are carried out. It is found that the optimum annealing temperature for fused silica tubes, with diameter 1 to 2 mm, is 1050°C. V F Lyasin and L V Nozik, Elektron Tekh Mater, 7, 1970, 51-56 (in
Russian). 46. GLASS BLOWING, GLASS-TO-METAL AND CERAMICTO-METAL SEALING TECHNIQUES 46 1611. Low-temperature metallization of high-earth ceramics with refractory metals. (Roumania) Investigations on low-temperature methods of metallization for highearth ceramics with refractory metals are carried out to provide vacuum-tight metal-to-ceramic seal. L Diaeonu et al, VII Sesiune Comun Tehn-Stiint Sec, Bucuresti, 1970, 1-13 (in German). 46 1612. Determination of the tensile strength of ceramic seals at different temperatures. (USSR) Method and apparatus for investigating the tensile strength of ceramic-to-ceramic seals at different temperatures in vacuum are described. Maximum temperature of 2000°C, pressure of 10-4 torr and maximum load of 1000 kg are available with this system. The apparatus can also be used for sealing ceramic samples. K K Khrenov et al, Zavodsk Lab, 37 (3), 1971, 365-367 (in Russian).
46 1613. Thermodynamic evaluation of influence of protective atmospheres on metals used in sealing to ceramics. (USSR) Metallization and sealing of ceramics to metals must be performed in vacuum or in an atmosphere of protective gas. In the former case interaction of metals with gases is excluded and in the latter case the interaction is enhanced. Efficiency of utilization of the gaseous protective medium in metal-to-ceramic sealing is evaluated using a thermodynamic approach. Calculations show that a thermodynamic probability of oxidation exists for many metals in vacuum and in an inert gas medium, while formation of nitrides is impossible for other metals. M A Matveev et al, Elektron Tekh Materialy, 7, 1970, 72-76 (in
Russian). 46 1614. Design of the constructional elements of matched ceramic-tocopper seals. (USSR) A method for determining geometry of a ceramic-to-copper seal, with a required resistance to thermal shock, is presented. V K Eroshev and V D Pavlova, Elektron Tekh Mater, 7, 1970, 77-85
(in Russian). 46 1615. Measurement of the strength of the glass bond to metal in seals with conical feedthrough. (USSR) A method for measurement of the bond strength of glass-to-metal seals, with a conical form of feedthrough, is presented. It is found that the bond strength depends on the maximum sealing temperature. S A Nikolaeva and V K Frolov, Elektron Tekh Materialy, 7, 1970, 17-
23 (in Russian). 47. OUTGASSING DATA, VAPOUR PRESSURE DATA, GETTERING DATA, RESIDUAL GASES IN VACUUM SYSTEMS, RESIDUAL GAS ANALYSIS 47 1616. Outgassing of rubber components. (USSR) The outgassing of rubber components is investigated at temperatures of 20 and 36°C. It is found that at 36°C the evolution rate of gases and vapours of organic compounds considerably exceeds 10 e torr litre/ sPA::. I A Kalyabina, Elektron Tekh Elektron SVCh, 2, 1971, 125 (in
Russian). 47 1617. Properties of SeOCI2 in liquid and gaseous states. (USSR) The saturated vapour pressure data and other properties of SeOCI~ in the liquid and gaseous states are determined. L A Niselson et al, Neorg Mater, 7 (5), 1971, 792-794 (in Russian). 47 1618. Investigation of evaporation of InSe. (USSR) Saturated vapour pressure data above molten InSe are measured in a broad temperature range up to 1250°K. Two methods are used, measurement of the total vapour pressure by a quartz Bourdon manometer and investigation of electronic and infrared absorption spectra of gaseous components. The gas phase above the melt consists of In, Se, Se~, InSe, In=Sea and InzSe. Temperature dependences of partial pressures of all components and their evaporation entropies are determined. Ya Kh Grinberg et al, Neorg Mater, 7 (5), 1971, 769-772 (in Russian).
627