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180 The development of an intelligent monitoring and control system for a solvent extraction process
1096
Abstracts
quantitative constraint equations. MIDAS is based on signed directed graphs that are translated into an event graph consisting of the possible state transition events of the process and the failures that they are symptoms of. The methods, which have both been implemented in G2, have been applied to a real-time simulation model of a sterilization process.
application illustrates the potential for complementing conventional real-time control strategies with intelligent rule-based control and statistical process control techniques. The need for such a hybrid strategy is illustrated and discussed. Finally, a brief discussion on the future of intelligent monitoring and control systems is presented.
177 Multiple Models Based on Fuzzy Qualitative Modelling Q. Shen, R.R. Leitch, pp 365-370
181 Knowledge-Based Systems for Real-Time Process Control: The MIP Project X. Alamfin, S. Romero, C. Aguirre, P. Serrahima, R. Mufioz, V. L6pez, J. Dorronsoro, E. de Pablo, pp 391-396
This paper presents a systematic investigation of developing multiple models of a physical system through the use of a Fuzzy Qualitative Modelling (FuSim) technique, essentially along with four basic modelling dimensions identified: abstraction, commitment, model resolution, and relation strength. Implications of multiple models for model-based reasoning in general and model-based diagnosis in particular are discussed. Examples for building up multiple models against different modelling dimensions are provided with respect to a simple physical system, and experimental simulation results are shown. 178 Architectures and Techniques of Artificial Intelligence in Process Control J. Efstathiou, pp 371-376 Artificial Intelligence has been applied in process control, using a range of AI techniques, such as rules, fuzzy logic and neural nets, and architectures, including blackboards, layered architectures and, most recently, distributed and multi-agent architectures. Expert systems in process control were earlier seen as one way of removing the operator from the control loop. As applications have become more complex and the processes are becoming managed rather than merely con~olled, the operator's role has changed. It was never possible to define permanently the operator's role when supported by an intelligent machine, so now are we seeing the emergence of negotiation and dialogue between operator and machine for dynamic allocation of control tasks? 179 Real-Time Supervisory Control for Industrial Processes D.A. L|nkens, M.F. Abbod, pp 377-382 Supervisory control has been applied to many cases in the control industry. It consists of monitoring the process and the controller for maintaining the system in the best operating conditions. In this paper a knowledgebased supervisory control system is built as a multi-level structure which is used for controlling and monitoring industrial processes. The system is applied to a real-time liquid level rig which highlights the system specifications as a supervisory controller. 180 The Development of an Intelligent Monitoring and Control System for a Solvent Extraction Process G. Robinson, S. Pallett, R. Fripp, J. Mullhi, A. Spence, pp 383-391 The requirements of an intelligent real-time system are discussed in the light of practical experience. The application of the real-time expert system shell G2 to a solvent extraction process is presented, covering the development cycle. Control of the process is effected through traditional three-term controllers. However, the process poses a number of problems that are beyond the capabilities of conventional control strategies. The
MIP (Intelligent Process Monitoring) is a blackboardbased expert system that monitors, diagnoses, and generates suggestions in real time about optimization and stability in the operation of a petrochemical plant. The blackboard is the central mechanism for information exchange between the system modules, and the only centralized knowledge representation scheme within the system. MIP uses a hierarchical knowledge representation with four abstraction levels, different knowledge sources being responsible for maintaining each of these levels. MIP has been in use since March 1991 in an acrylonitrile plant of REPSOL QUIMICA~ S.A. at Tarragona (Spain), with a reported success from both the technical and the economic points of view. 182 Using GRATE to Build Cooperating Agents for Industrial Control N.R. Jennings, pp 397-402 Communities of cooperating problem solvers are emerging as a paradigm for overcoming the complexity of large process-control software systems. Each agent can solve some problems by itself, but its power can be extended by sharing information and tasks. More importantly, the community exhibits desirable problemsolving characteristics, as well as offering the opportunity of connecting and integrating existing problem solvers. GRATE is a general-purlx~e cooperation environment for the domain of industrial control. It has been applied to two real-world problems: electricity transport management and diagnosis in a particle accelerator beam controller. The paper reflects upon GRATE's functional architecture, its underlying principles and the insights gained during this process. 183 Intelligent Tuning of P+I Controllers for Bioprocess Application !. French, C. Cox, M.J. Willis, G.A. Montague, pp 403-408 This paper outlines two methods of advanced control which can be utilised for tuning conventional controllers. A novel AI method based upon the use of artificial neural networks is contrasted with an advanced control method utilising the PIP philosophy. Both techniques are shown to be particularly effective advanced control approaches and with appropriate structuring can be used for tuning conventional P+I controllers. This is particularly advantageous from an industrial perspective. In order to demonstrate the potential of the methodologies, a simulation of a continuous, glucose-limited Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation is employed. 184 Fault Detection and Emergency Control in Power Systems Z.A. Vale, A. Machado e Moura, pp 409-414 Control centres provide supervision, monitoring and control of power systems. Information about the state of
Abstracts
quantitative constraint equations. MIDAS is based on signed directed graphs that are translated into an event graph consisting of the possible state transition events of the process and the failures that they are symptoms of. The methods, which have both been implemented in G2, have been applied to a real-time simulation model of a sterilization process.
application illustrates the potential for complementing conventional real-time control strategies with intelligent rule-based control and statistical process control techniques. The need for such a hybrid strategy is illustrated and discussed. Finally, a brief discussion on the future of intelligent monitoring and control systems is presented.
177 Multiple Models Based on Fuzzy Qualitative Modelling Q. Shen, R.R. Leitch, pp 365-370
181 Knowledge-Based Systems for Real-Time Process Control: The MIP Project X. Alamfin, S. Romero, C. Aguirre, P. Serrahima, R. Mufioz, V. L6pez, J. Dorronsoro, E. de Pablo, pp 391-396
This paper presents a systematic investigation of developing multiple models of a physical system through the use of a Fuzzy Qualitative Modelling (FuSim) technique, essentially along with four basic modelling dimensions identified: abstraction, commitment, model resolution, and relation strength. Implications of multiple models for model-based reasoning in general and model-based diagnosis in particular are discussed. Examples for building up multiple models against different modelling dimensions are provided with respect to a simple physical system, and experimental simulation results are shown. 178 Architectures and Techniques of Artificial Intelligence in Process Control J. Efstathiou, pp 371-376 Artificial Intelligence has been applied in process control, using a range of AI techniques, such as rules, fuzzy logic and neural nets, and architectures, including blackboards, layered architectures and, most recently, distributed and multi-agent architectures. Expert systems in process control were earlier seen as one way of removing the operator from the control loop. As applications have become more complex and the processes are becoming managed rather than merely con~olled, the operator's role has changed. It was never possible to define permanently the operator's role when supported by an intelligent machine, so now are we seeing the emergence of negotiation and dialogue between operator and machine for dynamic allocation of control tasks? 179 Real-Time Supervisory Control for Industrial Processes D.A. L|nkens, M.F. Abbod, pp 377-382 Supervisory control has been applied to many cases in the control industry. It consists of monitoring the process and the controller for maintaining the system in the best operating conditions. In this paper a knowledgebased supervisory control system is built as a multi-level structure which is used for controlling and monitoring industrial processes. The system is applied to a real-time liquid level rig which highlights the system specifications as a supervisory controller. 180 The Development of an Intelligent Monitoring and Control System for a Solvent Extraction Process G. Robinson, S. Pallett, R. Fripp, J. Mullhi, A. Spence, pp 383-391 The requirements of an intelligent real-time system are discussed in the light of practical experience. The application of the real-time expert system shell G2 to a solvent extraction process is presented, covering the development cycle. Control of the process is effected through traditional three-term controllers. However, the process poses a number of problems that are beyond the capabilities of conventional control strategies. The
MIP (Intelligent Process Monitoring) is a blackboardbased expert system that monitors, diagnoses, and generates suggestions in real time about optimization and stability in the operation of a petrochemical plant. The blackboard is the central mechanism for information exchange between the system modules, and the only centralized knowledge representation scheme within the system. MIP uses a hierarchical knowledge representation with four abstraction levels, different knowledge sources being responsible for maintaining each of these levels. MIP has been in use since March 1991 in an acrylonitrile plant of REPSOL QUIMICA~ S.A. at Tarragona (Spain), with a reported success from both the technical and the economic points of view. 182 Using GRATE to Build Cooperating Agents for Industrial Control N.R. Jennings, pp 397-402 Communities of cooperating problem solvers are emerging as a paradigm for overcoming the complexity of large process-control software systems. Each agent can solve some problems by itself, but its power can be extended by sharing information and tasks. More importantly, the community exhibits desirable problemsolving characteristics, as well as offering the opportunity of connecting and integrating existing problem solvers. GRATE is a general-purlx~e cooperation environment for the domain of industrial control. It has been applied to two real-world problems: electricity transport management and diagnosis in a particle accelerator beam controller. The paper reflects upon GRATE's functional architecture, its underlying principles and the insights gained during this process. 183 Intelligent Tuning of P+I Controllers for Bioprocess Application !. French, C. Cox, M.J. Willis, G.A. Montague, pp 403-408 This paper outlines two methods of advanced control which can be utilised for tuning conventional controllers. A novel AI method based upon the use of artificial neural networks is contrasted with an advanced control method utilising the PIP philosophy. Both techniques are shown to be particularly effective advanced control approaches and with appropriate structuring can be used for tuning conventional P+I controllers. This is particularly advantageous from an industrial perspective. In order to demonstrate the potential of the methodologies, a simulation of a continuous, glucose-limited Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation is employed. 184 Fault Detection and Emergency Control in Power Systems Z.A. Vale, A. Machado e Moura, pp 409-414 Control centres provide supervision, monitoring and control of power systems. Information about the state of