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1850. Course of deoxidation during vacuum treatment of steel
Classified abstracts 1832--1852 37 : 33 Metalloeeramic electrical leads for electrical vacuum apparatus. See abstract n u m b e r 1818. 37 : 33 Directly-heated therionie cathode. See abstract n u m b e r 1819. 37 : 40 : 36 Some aspects of the purification and use of electrolytic hydrogen in the clectrovacuum-equipment industry. See abstract n u m b e r 1869. 37 1832. C L I vacuum furnace for annealing magnetic materials. (China) T h e p a p e r describes a v a c u u m furnace for annealing magnetic materials p r o d u c e d in China. T h e furnace body comprises h e a t i n g a n d cooling c h a m b e r s . A v a c u u m of 5 × 10 4 torr is m a i n t a i n e d in the c h a m b e r . T h e furnace can be used for magnetic heat treatment. C M i n ' - D a and Li Gui-In, Dianshijia, 18 (1), 1965, 8-9 (in Chinese). 37 1833. Surface decarburization-free annealing under vacuum. (USA) D r a w n wire, particularly screw wire, ball bearing wire, needle wire a n d similar alloy wires, is satisfactorily annealed in a double v a c u u m a n n e a l i n g unit without surface decarburization. V a c u u m annealing o f high c a r b o n steel wire rod is used to h o m o g e n i z e the structure a n d split the rolling scale so that the oxygen is expelled a n d rolling skin residues remain as a n excellent lubricant key. W Herdieckerhoff, Wire, 77, 1965, 112-113. 37 1834. High strength cast iron by vacuum treatment. A basic study on the structure a n d tensile strength of v a c u u m melted Fe-C-Si (0.41-4.04 per cent C, 1-0.6 per cent Si), alloy indicate that the strength of cast iron can be i m p r o v e d by v a c u u m melting as a result of structural changes. M Kikuchi, N R I M Trans, 7 (4), 1965, 5-29. 37 1835. Application of the vacuum technique to the study of some interesting reactions in extractive metallurgy. (USA) Preparation of c o m p o u n d s necessary for extraction of reactive metals a n d p r o d u c t i o n of volatile metal by reduction under v a c u u m are described. C o m p a r i s o n is m a d e between v a c u u m a n d a t m o s p h e r i c reduction a n d electrochemical reduction of a copper furnace slag. C Decroly, ATB Met, 5 (5), 1965, 141-158 (in French). 37 1836. Progress in vacuum dcgassing. (USA) T h e trend to ladle degassing m e t h o d s a n d recirculation processes, such as the D o r t m u n d - H o r d e r a n d the R u h r s t a h I - H e r a e u s is described. Degassing efficiency h a s been increased by introducing purging gas or induction stirring in the ladle degassing method. R Shah, Iron Age Metalworking hTt, 4 (10), 1965, 26-27. 37 1837. The production of bimetallic joints by rolling in vacuum. ( U S S R ) F E Doizhenkov et aL Sb Tr Ukr Nauchn-lssled lnst Metal, 11, 1965,
183-196 (ht Russian). 37 1838. Removal of oxygen and nitrogen in the vacuum-arc remelting of S h K h l 5 steel. (USSR) T h e m e c h a n i s m s underlying the r e m o v a l of oxygen a n d nitrogen from steel in v a c u u m arc remelting were examined. These elements precipitate f r o m the liquid metal in the f o r m o f oxide a n d nitride inclusions. M e a n s for the removal of such inclusions are discussed. D P Dolinin et aL Izv VUZ Chem Met, 12, 1965, 57-63 (in Russian). 37 1839. Vacuum treatment of metallic melts in ladles. (USA) C W Finkl, US Patent 3,236,635 (CI 75-49), 22 Feb 1966, Appl 2 Dec
1958, 8 pages. 37 1840. Vacuum furnace with graphite elements for the decarburization of ferrochromium. (Poland) T h e development o f a laboratory scale v a c u u m furnace is described. H Z a k et al, Hutnik 32 (6), 1965, 216-223 (in Polish). 37 1841. Filaments in vacuum metallizing. (USA) J G Burton, Metal Finishing, 64 (1), 1965, 75-77, 84. 37 1842. The effect of vacuum in steelmaking. (Rumania) T h e physical chemistry of steelmaking reactions is formulated, s h o w i n g the effects o f pressure, temperature a n d time on the various processes.
518
P Dumitracsu and N Murgulet, Metahlrgia 17 (10), 1965, 543-546
(in Rumanian). 37 1843. An improved control system for a vacuum balance.
(Great
Britain) A recording system for use with a n adsorption balance is described. T h e system, which is based on the use of a meter-pot, has high stability due to its independence f r o m supply voltage a n d c o m p o n e n t value fluctuations. G R Heal, J Sci hzstrum, 43 (5), 1966, 289-292. 37 1844. Studies of the influence of vacuum treatment upon the properties of some Cr-Ni-Mo- type alloy steels. (Rumania) M e t h o d s a n d results are described in the t r e a t m e n t of s o m e low-alloy carbon steels u n d e r pressures of 0.2-0.8 tort in a v a c u u m plant with s t e a m ejection having a capacity of 500 kg o f steel. I Tripia et al, Cerc Met, 7, 1965, 57-59 (in Rumanian). 37 1845. Cast iron melted and cast under high vacuum. (France) Cast iron melted a n d cast u n d e r high v a c u u m tends to solidify in form o f gray cast iron which is the stable modification with carbon. Ferrite is p r e d o m i n a n t over pearlite with v a c u u m treatment, a n d also interdentritic graphite is finely dispersed in type D or A, whereas casting in air, if the p r o d u c t then contains gray cast iron, produces graphite o f long bladelike appearance in type A. T h e experimental technique is described a n d the effect o f v a c u u m on the properties of cast iron discussed. G Blanc et aL Fonderie, 239, 1966, l 18 (in French). 37 1846. Experience of treating liquid steel in a vacuum. (Hungary) A review of the results of v a c u u m t r e a t m e n t of liquid steel over the past five years is given. L Szoke, Kohasz Lapok, 98 (2), 1965, 60-65 (in Hungarian). 37 1847. Hydrodynamic calculation of batch and continuous vacuum refinery apparatus. (USSR) A theoretical t r e a t m e n t is presented regarding the balance of driving forces a n d resistances in a masseeuite refinery plant with the purpose o f developing a calculation m e t h o d of natural circulation v a c u u m a p p a r a t u s for b a t c h a n d c o n t i n u o u s operation. V P Troino and V D Poppy, Pischcheva.va Prom, Min Vysshego i
Sre~hwgo Spets Obrazov, Ukr SSR, 2, 1965, 107-115 (in Russian). 37 1848. Grain refinement of cast steel by vacuum melting. (USA) T h e degree a n d type of grain refinement resulting from v a c u u m melting of cast 4330 steel was investigated. T h e steel was melted in a 12-1b M g lined v a c u u m furnace. It is suggested that the reduction of gas c o n t e n t by v a c u u m melting increases constitutional supercooling a n d produces grain refinement. P F Wieser and J F Wallace, Cast Metals Res J, 2, 1966, 1 5. 37 1849. Vacuum treatment of aluminium alloys. (USSR) T h e technology of AI alloy refining in vacuo consists in teeming the molten metal before casting in vacuo for 20-30 rain. at 730-60 °. N S ll'in, lYvul Tekhn Ekon, Inform Gos Nauchn-lssled Inst Nauchn i Tekhn blfi~rm, 18, 1965, 3~1 (in Russian). 37 1850. Course of deoxidation during vacuum treatment of steel.
(Czechoslovakia) V a c u u m t r e a t m e n t o f steel is utilized for its deoxidation a n d deh y d r o g e n a t i o n below the h y d r o g e n ageing limit at the steelmaking shop of the Skode works in Pilsen. V a c u u m t r e a t m e n t o f the steel stream is e m p l o y e d b o t h for the direct teeming of ingots into evacuated m o u l d s a n d for the p o u r i n g of steel from one ladle into a n o t h e r one located in v a c u u m . Anon, Hutnicke Listy, 21 (5), 1966, 311-316 (in Czech). 37 185 I. Apparatus for degassing molten metals. (USA) C o m b i n a t i o n o f a v a c u u m c h a m b e r a n d a container m o u n t e d on it to receive molten metal. S Farter, US Patent 3,202,409, 24 Aug 1965, 5 pages. 37 1852. Influence of vacuum refining of aluminium alloys on gas content.
(USSR) T h e effect o f v a c u u m degassing temperature, pressure a n d time a n d initial gas c o n t e n t o n the final gas c o n t e n t a n d mechanical properties
183-196 (ht Russian). 37 1838. Removal of oxygen and nitrogen in the vacuum-arc remelting of S h K h l 5 steel. (USSR) T h e m e c h a n i s m s underlying the r e m o v a l of oxygen a n d nitrogen from steel in v a c u u m arc remelting were examined. These elements precipitate f r o m the liquid metal in the f o r m o f oxide a n d nitride inclusions. M e a n s for the removal of such inclusions are discussed. D P Dolinin et aL Izv VUZ Chem Met, 12, 1965, 57-63 (in Russian). 37 1839. Vacuum treatment of metallic melts in ladles. (USA) C W Finkl, US Patent 3,236,635 (CI 75-49), 22 Feb 1966, Appl 2 Dec
1958, 8 pages. 37 1840. Vacuum furnace with graphite elements for the decarburization of ferrochromium. (Poland) T h e development o f a laboratory scale v a c u u m furnace is described. H Z a k et al, Hutnik 32 (6), 1965, 216-223 (in Polish). 37 1841. Filaments in vacuum metallizing. (USA) J G Burton, Metal Finishing, 64 (1), 1965, 75-77, 84. 37 1842. The effect of vacuum in steelmaking. (Rumania) T h e physical chemistry of steelmaking reactions is formulated, s h o w i n g the effects o f pressure, temperature a n d time on the various processes.
518
P Dumitracsu and N Murgulet, Metahlrgia 17 (10), 1965, 543-546
(in Rumanian). 37 1843. An improved control system for a vacuum balance.
(Great
Britain) A recording system for use with a n adsorption balance is described. T h e system, which is based on the use of a meter-pot, has high stability due to its independence f r o m supply voltage a n d c o m p o n e n t value fluctuations. G R Heal, J Sci hzstrum, 43 (5), 1966, 289-292. 37 1844. Studies of the influence of vacuum treatment upon the properties of some Cr-Ni-Mo- type alloy steels. (Rumania) M e t h o d s a n d results are described in the t r e a t m e n t of s o m e low-alloy carbon steels u n d e r pressures of 0.2-0.8 tort in a v a c u u m plant with s t e a m ejection having a capacity of 500 kg o f steel. I Tripia et al, Cerc Met, 7, 1965, 57-59 (in Rumanian). 37 1845. Cast iron melted and cast under high vacuum. (France) Cast iron melted a n d cast u n d e r high v a c u u m tends to solidify in form o f gray cast iron which is the stable modification with carbon. Ferrite is p r e d o m i n a n t over pearlite with v a c u u m treatment, a n d also interdentritic graphite is finely dispersed in type D or A, whereas casting in air, if the p r o d u c t then contains gray cast iron, produces graphite o f long bladelike appearance in type A. T h e experimental technique is described a n d the effect o f v a c u u m on the properties of cast iron discussed. G Blanc et aL Fonderie, 239, 1966, l 18 (in French). 37 1846. Experience of treating liquid steel in a vacuum. (Hungary) A review of the results of v a c u u m t r e a t m e n t of liquid steel over the past five years is given. L Szoke, Kohasz Lapok, 98 (2), 1965, 60-65 (in Hungarian). 37 1847. Hydrodynamic calculation of batch and continuous vacuum refinery apparatus. (USSR) A theoretical t r e a t m e n t is presented regarding the balance of driving forces a n d resistances in a masseeuite refinery plant with the purpose o f developing a calculation m e t h o d of natural circulation v a c u u m a p p a r a t u s for b a t c h a n d c o n t i n u o u s operation. V P Troino and V D Poppy, Pischcheva.va Prom, Min Vysshego i
Sre~hwgo Spets Obrazov, Ukr SSR, 2, 1965, 107-115 (in Russian). 37 1848. Grain refinement of cast steel by vacuum melting. (USA) T h e degree a n d type of grain refinement resulting from v a c u u m melting of cast 4330 steel was investigated. T h e steel was melted in a 12-1b M g lined v a c u u m furnace. It is suggested that the reduction of gas c o n t e n t by v a c u u m melting increases constitutional supercooling a n d produces grain refinement. P F Wieser and J F Wallace, Cast Metals Res J, 2, 1966, 1 5. 37 1849. Vacuum treatment of aluminium alloys. (USSR) T h e technology of AI alloy refining in vacuo consists in teeming the molten metal before casting in vacuo for 20-30 rain. at 730-60 °. N S ll'in, lYvul Tekhn Ekon, Inform Gos Nauchn-lssled Inst Nauchn i Tekhn blfi~rm, 18, 1965, 3~1 (in Russian). 37 1850. Course of deoxidation during vacuum treatment of steel.
(Czechoslovakia) V a c u u m t r e a t m e n t o f steel is utilized for its deoxidation a n d deh y d r o g e n a t i o n below the h y d r o g e n ageing limit at the steelmaking shop of the Skode works in Pilsen. V a c u u m t r e a t m e n t o f the steel stream is e m p l o y e d b o t h for the direct teeming of ingots into evacuated m o u l d s a n d for the p o u r i n g of steel from one ladle into a n o t h e r one located in v a c u u m . Anon, Hutnicke Listy, 21 (5), 1966, 311-316 (in Czech). 37 185 I. Apparatus for degassing molten metals. (USA) C o m b i n a t i o n o f a v a c u u m c h a m b e r a n d a container m o u n t e d on it to receive molten metal. S Farter, US Patent 3,202,409, 24 Aug 1965, 5 pages. 37 1852. Influence of vacuum refining of aluminium alloys on gas content.
(USSR) T h e effect o f v a c u u m degassing temperature, pressure a n d time a n d initial gas c o n t e n t o n the final gas c o n t e n t a n d mechanical properties