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195: PIP: a compact recirculating accelerator for the production of medical isotopes
S96
ICTR-PHE – 2014
increase of artefact compared to the regular motion with a ratio of 1.01.
Figure 1. 4D reconstruction images for moving applying different irregular motion pattern.
22
Na sources
Conclusion: This study has investigated the robustness of 4D PET approach in terms of varied irregular motions expected from respiration. Since irregular motion causes image artefacts, a strategy is requested to ensure correct recording of motion data beyond the needs for beam delivery control. Keywords: 4D in-beam PET, Respiratory motion artefact, particle therapy monitoring Acknowledgments: This work has been supported by the ENTERVISION project which is funded by the European Commission under FP7 Grant Agreement N. 264552. References: [1] W. Enghardt et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 525, 284-288 (2004) [2] K. Stützer et al., Phys. Med. Biol. 58, 5085–5111 (2013) 195 PIP: a compact recirculating accelerator for the production of medical isotopes A. Toader, R. Barlow, R. Edgecock Huddersfield University, UK PIP is a proposed proton non-scaling fixed-field alternatinggradient (nsFFAG) accelerator which uses an internal target for the production of medical isotopes. Conceptually the FFAG provides strong focusing, avoiding the losses experienced by cyclotrons. For many medical isotopes the productions cross-section peaks strongly as a function of beam energy, and the recirculating beam of PIP gives high efficiency of production as protons which lose energy in the target foil will have this energy replaced for the next pass. The energy can be selected (in the range of MeV to tens of MeV) by altering the radial position of the target foil, and beam extraction is also possible. We discuss the production of 11C, 13N, 15O, 18F, 99mTc, and other isotopes
Figure 1. The figure shows the field map for a 4 MeV version of PIP, and reference orbits from 50 keV upwards. The machine design and its performance (acceptance and acceleration) are described. We show that PIP’s compact, cost-efficient and simple design means that the machine can be installed to service a single hospital, producing doses on demand, as and when needed by patients. Keywords: Radioisotope, FFAG 196 From CERN to PET/MR D. Townsend A*STAR-NUS Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Singapore The use of multi-modality imaging to stage patients with cancer has now become standard practice in many places. The benefits of assessing disease processes with combined imaging modalities is widely recognized and extensively documented. Such instrumentation for molecular imaging is also finding a role in designing appropriate therapies for individual patients and for monitoring their response to personalized treatment. However, the appearance in the clinic of purpose-specific multi-modality instrumentation is relatively recent and is still under development. The demand to improve spatial resolution and image quality at increasingly lower radiation dose is a challenge that requires innovative hardware and software methodology. Such improvements must be achieved within the constraints imposed by cost and clinical acceptability. The recent introduction into the clinic of simultaneous PET/MR has stimulated the development of solid-state photodetectors that are insensitive to magnetic fields. While the research and clinical utility of PET/MR is still being explored, fast, compact, silicon photomultiplier-based PET detectors have recently appeared for the first time in a clinical PET/CT scanner. The current trend in PET instrumentation is therefore in the direction of compact, field-insensitive detectors that are common to both PET/CT and PET/MR scanners. This, and other developments over the past decade such as the introduction of time-of-flight, are changes that have led to multi-modality devices offering high performance in terms of sensitivity, spatial resolution, count rate capability, image quality and reconstruction methodology. Some of these developments in medical imaging that will be highlighted are consequences of technology originating from CERN and the particle physics community. This presentation
ICTR-PHE – 2014
increase of artefact compared to the regular motion with a ratio of 1.01.
Figure 1. 4D reconstruction images for moving applying different irregular motion pattern.
22
Na sources
Conclusion: This study has investigated the robustness of 4D PET approach in terms of varied irregular motions expected from respiration. Since irregular motion causes image artefacts, a strategy is requested to ensure correct recording of motion data beyond the needs for beam delivery control. Keywords: 4D in-beam PET, Respiratory motion artefact, particle therapy monitoring Acknowledgments: This work has been supported by the ENTERVISION project which is funded by the European Commission under FP7 Grant Agreement N. 264552. References: [1] W. Enghardt et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 525, 284-288 (2004) [2] K. Stützer et al., Phys. Med. Biol. 58, 5085–5111 (2013) 195 PIP: a compact recirculating accelerator for the production of medical isotopes A. Toader, R. Barlow, R. Edgecock Huddersfield University, UK PIP is a proposed proton non-scaling fixed-field alternatinggradient (nsFFAG) accelerator which uses an internal target for the production of medical isotopes. Conceptually the FFAG provides strong focusing, avoiding the losses experienced by cyclotrons. For many medical isotopes the productions cross-section peaks strongly as a function of beam energy, and the recirculating beam of PIP gives high efficiency of production as protons which lose energy in the target foil will have this energy replaced for the next pass. The energy can be selected (in the range of MeV to tens of MeV) by altering the radial position of the target foil, and beam extraction is also possible. We discuss the production of 11C, 13N, 15O, 18F, 99mTc, and other isotopes
Figure 1. The figure shows the field map for a 4 MeV version of PIP, and reference orbits from 50 keV upwards. The machine design and its performance (acceptance and acceleration) are described. We show that PIP’s compact, cost-efficient and simple design means that the machine can be installed to service a single hospital, producing doses on demand, as and when needed by patients. Keywords: Radioisotope, FFAG 196 From CERN to PET/MR D. Townsend A*STAR-NUS Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Singapore The use of multi-modality imaging to stage patients with cancer has now become standard practice in many places. The benefits of assessing disease processes with combined imaging modalities is widely recognized and extensively documented. Such instrumentation for molecular imaging is also finding a role in designing appropriate therapies for individual patients and for monitoring their response to personalized treatment. However, the appearance in the clinic of purpose-specific multi-modality instrumentation is relatively recent and is still under development. The demand to improve spatial resolution and image quality at increasingly lower radiation dose is a challenge that requires innovative hardware and software methodology. Such improvements must be achieved within the constraints imposed by cost and clinical acceptability. The recent introduction into the clinic of simultaneous PET/MR has stimulated the development of solid-state photodetectors that are insensitive to magnetic fields. While the research and clinical utility of PET/MR is still being explored, fast, compact, silicon photomultiplier-based PET detectors have recently appeared for the first time in a clinical PET/CT scanner. The current trend in PET instrumentation is therefore in the direction of compact, field-insensitive detectors that are common to both PET/CT and PET/MR scanners. This, and other developments over the past decade such as the introduction of time-of-flight, are changes that have led to multi-modality devices offering high performance in terms of sensitivity, spatial resolution, count rate capability, image quality and reconstruction methodology. Some of these developments in medical imaging that will be highlighted are consequences of technology originating from CERN and the particle physics community. This presentation