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1P-0087 Interaction of renin-angiotensin system genetic polymorphisms and sodium intake with blood pressure levels among a general population
Monday September 29, 2003: Poster Session Hypertension and atherosclerosis
38 1P-0084
Characteristics of pathological carotid plaque in patients with essential hypertension
M. Mukai 1 , M. Hirata 2 , M. Takahashi 2 , K. Takatsugi 2 , K. Matsuzaki 2 , M. Koga 3 , E. Murakami 2 . 1 Hypertension Center and Health-care Center; 2 Hypertension Center; 3 Health-care Center, Kinki Central Hospital, Japan Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the characteristics of pathological carotid plaque in patients with essential hypertension. Methods: We performed carotid artery ultrasonography using SONOS 5500 (Philips Co. Ltd) in 750 subjects who were 158 patients with essential hypertension and 592 subjects taking cerebral health screening examination at Kinki Central Hospital. The presence of atherosclerotic plaque was analyzed histological changes using the integrated backscatter echo signals by the acoustic densitometry method. Subjects and patients were divided into 4 groups: subjects or patients without atherosclerotic plaque (N group), those with soft plaque only (S group), those with soft plaque including the low density core (L group) and those with the hard plaque (H group). In all subjects, carotid artery flow velocity was monitored by doppler ultrasonography and we calculated resistivity index (RI) and blood flow volume of common carotid artery. Results: Cerebral ischemic changes observed by MRI were shown at a significantly higher rate in L and H group than N group. In plaque groups, diastolic velocity and RI were significantly decreased than those in N group. Systolic and mean velocities were significantly lower in L and H groups than in N group. Blood flow volume was significantly decreased in H group than in N group. RI, a parameter showing arteriolar sclerotic changes of cerebral artery were significantly higher in plaque groups, especially in L and H groups than in N groups. Conclusions: These findings suggested that the carotid plaque with low density core or calcification were closely related with cerebral ischemic changes. Therefore, the pathological atherosclerotic plaques in carotid artery were supposed to be progressed in parallel with arteriolar sclerotic changes of brain in patients with essential hypertension. 1P-0085
Adipose tissue excess as metabolic and cardiovascular risk factor
A. Popa, A. Babes. Spital Judetean Oradea, Romania Aims: We studied the general and abdominal obesity distribution on different obesity degrees in a populational group from Bihor county; we also studied the relation between obesity degree and body adipose tissue mass, at obeses and normoponderals. Materials and Method: The study was performed on two populational groups, 929 from urban medium and 376 from rural medium. At each subject, we measured height, weight, body mass index (BMI), abdominal circumference, arterial pressure, total cholesterolemia. From this group, we chose 350 subjects for which we determined the body adipose tissue mass with “body fat monitor”. We filled in a record worked out by Romanian Association for the Study of the Obesity (ARSO). Results: In our populational group, there were identified 37.9% overweights and 34.4% obeses, summary 72.3% subjects with weight exceeding the normal limit. Overweights and obeses are statistically significantly associated with (DM)type2(33.9%),with arterial hypertension (61%), hypercholesterolemia (27.4%) and cardiovascular disease (45.2%), the relative risk being higher for DM type 2 and arterial hypertension. Comorbide conditions obesity associated increase with the B.M.I. increasement. Normoponderal subjects having adipose tissue excess, have an increased risk for comorbide conditions obesity associated, but lower comparatively with abdominal obesity and overweights. Subjects with normal abdominal circumference, but with adipose tissue excess have an increased cardiovascular risk. Conclusions: Adipose tissue mass determination is the most sensitive criterion of the cardiovascular risk and permits the identification of the subjects with increased risk for DM type 2, arterial hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and hypercholesterolemia. The screening for this criterion made before the occurrence of the comorbide conditions would allow an efficient profilaxy. 1P-0086
A comparative evaluation of effected duration on patients with type 2 diabetes
G. Zohourian, L. Navai. National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Objectives: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most important risk factors for macrovascular diseases. There is high incidence of coronary artery disease
among diabetic patients. This survey was carried out to investigate risk factors associated with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in bedridden diabetic patients in Shohada General Hospital in 2002. Methods: Eighty-five patients with type 2 diabetes (46 men and 39 women, aged 25 to 81 years), with a mean duration of diabetes 9.1 ± 7.8 years were selected by random sampling from bedridden. Subjects were subdivided into two groups, group 1 with diabetes duration ≥10 years (47 persons) and group 2 with duration <10 (38 subjects). Height and weight were measured and BMI calculated. The subjects seated blood pressure was taken. Fasting blood samples were collected for glucose measurement. Results: The findings showed that mean age in group 2 was higher than group1 (63.7 ± 12 vs. 55.9 ±16.6). Mean BMI in group 2 was lower than group 1 respectively (23.3 ± 3.7 vs. 26 ± 4.3). Fasting blood glucose concentration in group 2 was higher compared to group 1 (254 ± 116.6 vs. 239 ± 93.8 mg/dl). Also mean diastolic and systolic blood pressure were higher in group 2 than group 1, respectively (84 ± 15.4 vs. 82 ± 13.5 and 147 ± 30.5 vs. 143 ± 34.7 mmHg). Obesity was seen 59.5% in group 1 and 29% in group 2. Diastolic more than 90 mmHg was 29.8% in group 1 and 39.5% in group 2. Systolic blood pressure more than 140 mmHg was 46.8% in group 1 and 60.5% in group 2. Blood glucose concentration more than 139 mg/dl was observed 83% in group 1 and 87% in group 2. Conclusions: Diabetes patients have several major risk factors especially hypertension which require medical health interventions correctly. In order to reduce complications positive change lifestyle and nutritional educating and exercise are recommended. 1P-0087
Interaction of renin-angiotensin system genetic polymorphisms and sodium intake with blood pressure levels among a general population
K. Yamagishi 1 , H. Iso 1 , T. Tanigawa 1 , R. Cui 1 , M. Kudo 1 , T. Shimamoto 2 . of Public Health Medicine, Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tsukuba; 2 Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion, Japan
1 Department
Objectives: To examine the interaction of renin-angiotension system (RAS) polymorphisms and sodium intake with blood pressure levels. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 2,823 men and women aged 30-74 years in a Japanese rural community was conducted to examine the interaction of three RAS (angiotensinogen (AGT) T174M, angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) I/D, and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) T-344C) polymorphisms and blood pressure levels. Salt intake was estimated by 24-hour urine collection and dietary questionnaires as effect modifier. Polymorphic score was defined as the sum of each variant allele, AGT M, ACE I, and CYP11B2 T alleles (range 0-6). Results: For total samples, mean systolic or diastolic blood pressure levels did not vary according to quartile of polymorphic score category (77.7, 78.6, 78.2 and 78.7mmHg) after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, alcohol consumption and use of antihypertensive medication. Mean difference in diastolic blood pressure levels between the highest and lowest score category was +1.7mmHg among person with higher sodium intake (p=0.047), +1.9mmHg among those with higher past sodium intake (p=0.03), and +1.8mmHg among those with higher urinary sodium excretion (p=0.12). These associations were more apparent when restricted to BMI<23.5 kg/m2 : +2.7mmHg (p=0.02), +2.4mmHg (p=0.04) and +4.7mmHg (p=0.01), respectively. These differences in diastolic blood pressure levels were stronger than that for each polymorphism alone (data not shown). Conclusion: The combined effect of variant alleles for RAS polymorphisms on diastolic blood pressure levels among person with high sodium intake suggests that these polymorphisms may link to salt-sensitive hypertension. 1P-0088
Four blood pressure indexes and the long-term risk of stroke in Japanese men and women: The Oyabe study
K. Miura 1 , Y. Soyama 1 , Y. Morikawa 1 , M. Nishijo 1 , Y. Nakanishi 1 , Y. Naruse 2 , S. Kagamimori 2 , H. Nakagawa 1 . 1 Kanazawa Medical University; 2 Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan Objective: To compare the relations of 4 blood pressure (BP) indexes (systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), pulse pressure (PP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP)) with the long-term risk of stroke in Japanese men and women. Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed in 4989 participants (1523 men and 3466 women) aged 35-79 at baseline with 10 years of followup. Endpoints included all stroke incidence and ischemic stroke incidence.
XIIIth International Symposium on Atherosclerosis, September 28–October 2, 2003, Kyoto, Japan
38 1P-0084
Characteristics of pathological carotid plaque in patients with essential hypertension
M. Mukai 1 , M. Hirata 2 , M. Takahashi 2 , K. Takatsugi 2 , K. Matsuzaki 2 , M. Koga 3 , E. Murakami 2 . 1 Hypertension Center and Health-care Center; 2 Hypertension Center; 3 Health-care Center, Kinki Central Hospital, Japan Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the characteristics of pathological carotid plaque in patients with essential hypertension. Methods: We performed carotid artery ultrasonography using SONOS 5500 (Philips Co. Ltd) in 750 subjects who were 158 patients with essential hypertension and 592 subjects taking cerebral health screening examination at Kinki Central Hospital. The presence of atherosclerotic plaque was analyzed histological changes using the integrated backscatter echo signals by the acoustic densitometry method. Subjects and patients were divided into 4 groups: subjects or patients without atherosclerotic plaque (N group), those with soft plaque only (S group), those with soft plaque including the low density core (L group) and those with the hard plaque (H group). In all subjects, carotid artery flow velocity was monitored by doppler ultrasonography and we calculated resistivity index (RI) and blood flow volume of common carotid artery. Results: Cerebral ischemic changes observed by MRI were shown at a significantly higher rate in L and H group than N group. In plaque groups, diastolic velocity and RI were significantly decreased than those in N group. Systolic and mean velocities were significantly lower in L and H groups than in N group. Blood flow volume was significantly decreased in H group than in N group. RI, a parameter showing arteriolar sclerotic changes of cerebral artery were significantly higher in plaque groups, especially in L and H groups than in N groups. Conclusions: These findings suggested that the carotid plaque with low density core or calcification were closely related with cerebral ischemic changes. Therefore, the pathological atherosclerotic plaques in carotid artery were supposed to be progressed in parallel with arteriolar sclerotic changes of brain in patients with essential hypertension. 1P-0085
Adipose tissue excess as metabolic and cardiovascular risk factor
A. Popa, A. Babes. Spital Judetean Oradea, Romania Aims: We studied the general and abdominal obesity distribution on different obesity degrees in a populational group from Bihor county; we also studied the relation between obesity degree and body adipose tissue mass, at obeses and normoponderals. Materials and Method: The study was performed on two populational groups, 929 from urban medium and 376 from rural medium. At each subject, we measured height, weight, body mass index (BMI), abdominal circumference, arterial pressure, total cholesterolemia. From this group, we chose 350 subjects for which we determined the body adipose tissue mass with “body fat monitor”. We filled in a record worked out by Romanian Association for the Study of the Obesity (ARSO). Results: In our populational group, there were identified 37.9% overweights and 34.4% obeses, summary 72.3% subjects with weight exceeding the normal limit. Overweights and obeses are statistically significantly associated with (DM)type2(33.9%),with arterial hypertension (61%), hypercholesterolemia (27.4%) and cardiovascular disease (45.2%), the relative risk being higher for DM type 2 and arterial hypertension. Comorbide conditions obesity associated increase with the B.M.I. increasement. Normoponderal subjects having adipose tissue excess, have an increased risk for comorbide conditions obesity associated, but lower comparatively with abdominal obesity and overweights. Subjects with normal abdominal circumference, but with adipose tissue excess have an increased cardiovascular risk. Conclusions: Adipose tissue mass determination is the most sensitive criterion of the cardiovascular risk and permits the identification of the subjects with increased risk for DM type 2, arterial hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and hypercholesterolemia. The screening for this criterion made before the occurrence of the comorbide conditions would allow an efficient profilaxy. 1P-0086
A comparative evaluation of effected duration on patients with type 2 diabetes
G. Zohourian, L. Navai. National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Objectives: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most important risk factors for macrovascular diseases. There is high incidence of coronary artery disease
among diabetic patients. This survey was carried out to investigate risk factors associated with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in bedridden diabetic patients in Shohada General Hospital in 2002. Methods: Eighty-five patients with type 2 diabetes (46 men and 39 women, aged 25 to 81 years), with a mean duration of diabetes 9.1 ± 7.8 years were selected by random sampling from bedridden. Subjects were subdivided into two groups, group 1 with diabetes duration ≥10 years (47 persons) and group 2 with duration <10 (38 subjects). Height and weight were measured and BMI calculated. The subjects seated blood pressure was taken. Fasting blood samples were collected for glucose measurement. Results: The findings showed that mean age in group 2 was higher than group1 (63.7 ± 12 vs. 55.9 ±16.6). Mean BMI in group 2 was lower than group 1 respectively (23.3 ± 3.7 vs. 26 ± 4.3). Fasting blood glucose concentration in group 2 was higher compared to group 1 (254 ± 116.6 vs. 239 ± 93.8 mg/dl). Also mean diastolic and systolic blood pressure were higher in group 2 than group 1, respectively (84 ± 15.4 vs. 82 ± 13.5 and 147 ± 30.5 vs. 143 ± 34.7 mmHg). Obesity was seen 59.5% in group 1 and 29% in group 2. Diastolic more than 90 mmHg was 29.8% in group 1 and 39.5% in group 2. Systolic blood pressure more than 140 mmHg was 46.8% in group 1 and 60.5% in group 2. Blood glucose concentration more than 139 mg/dl was observed 83% in group 1 and 87% in group 2. Conclusions: Diabetes patients have several major risk factors especially hypertension which require medical health interventions correctly. In order to reduce complications positive change lifestyle and nutritional educating and exercise are recommended. 1P-0087
Interaction of renin-angiotensin system genetic polymorphisms and sodium intake with blood pressure levels among a general population
K. Yamagishi 1 , H. Iso 1 , T. Tanigawa 1 , R. Cui 1 , M. Kudo 1 , T. Shimamoto 2 . of Public Health Medicine, Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tsukuba; 2 Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion, Japan
1 Department
Objectives: To examine the interaction of renin-angiotension system (RAS) polymorphisms and sodium intake with blood pressure levels. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 2,823 men and women aged 30-74 years in a Japanese rural community was conducted to examine the interaction of three RAS (angiotensinogen (AGT) T174M, angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) I/D, and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) T-344C) polymorphisms and blood pressure levels. Salt intake was estimated by 24-hour urine collection and dietary questionnaires as effect modifier. Polymorphic score was defined as the sum of each variant allele, AGT M, ACE I, and CYP11B2 T alleles (range 0-6). Results: For total samples, mean systolic or diastolic blood pressure levels did not vary according to quartile of polymorphic score category (77.7, 78.6, 78.2 and 78.7mmHg) after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, alcohol consumption and use of antihypertensive medication. Mean difference in diastolic blood pressure levels between the highest and lowest score category was +1.7mmHg among person with higher sodium intake (p=0.047), +1.9mmHg among those with higher past sodium intake (p=0.03), and +1.8mmHg among those with higher urinary sodium excretion (p=0.12). These associations were more apparent when restricted to BMI<23.5 kg/m2 : +2.7mmHg (p=0.02), +2.4mmHg (p=0.04) and +4.7mmHg (p=0.01), respectively. These differences in diastolic blood pressure levels were stronger than that for each polymorphism alone (data not shown). Conclusion: The combined effect of variant alleles for RAS polymorphisms on diastolic blood pressure levels among person with high sodium intake suggests that these polymorphisms may link to salt-sensitive hypertension. 1P-0088
Four blood pressure indexes and the long-term risk of stroke in Japanese men and women: The Oyabe study
K. Miura 1 , Y. Soyama 1 , Y. Morikawa 1 , M. Nishijo 1 , Y. Nakanishi 1 , Y. Naruse 2 , S. Kagamimori 2 , H. Nakagawa 1 . 1 Kanazawa Medical University; 2 Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan Objective: To compare the relations of 4 blood pressure (BP) indexes (systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), pulse pressure (PP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP)) with the long-term risk of stroke in Japanese men and women. Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed in 4989 participants (1523 men and 3466 women) aged 35-79 at baseline with 10 years of followup. Endpoints included all stroke incidence and ischemic stroke incidence.
XIIIth International Symposium on Atherosclerosis, September 28–October 2, 2003, Kyoto, Japan