The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety Executive Editor: Steven Berman Senior Project Manager: Cheryl Firestone Statistical Consultant: Stephen Schmaltz, Ph.D.
Executive Director, Publications: Catherine Chopp Hinckley, Ph.D. Manager, Publications: Lisa K. Abel
2012 Editorial Advisory Board Gerry Armitage, PhD Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Bradford, United Kingdom Vineet Arora, MD, MAPP University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine Chicago Elizabeth H. Bradley, PhD Yale University New Haven, Connecticut Dale W. Bratzler, DO, MPH University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City Marcy Carty, MD, MPH Steward Healthcare/Good Samaritan Medical Center Brockton, Massachusetts John Degelau, MD, MS HealthPartners Medical Group Minneapolis Adrienne L. Elberfeld, MSc Candidate Cooper University Hospital Camden, New Jersey Nancy C. Elder, MD, MSPH University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Neil S. Fleming, PhD Baylor Health Care System Dallas Rhona Flin, BSc, PhD, CPsychol University of Aberdeen Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
Richard C. Hermann, MD, MS Tufts–New England Medical Center Boston
Roger Resar, MD Institute for Healthcare Improvement Cambridge, Massachusetts
Rick Iedema, PhD University of Technology, Sydney Australia
Matthew Scanlon, MD Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin Milwaukee
Rainu Kaushal, MD, MPH New York–Presbyterian Hospital New York City
Lisa Schilling, RN, MPH Kaiser Permanente Oakland, California
Peter K. Lindenauer, MD, MSc Baystate Medical Center Springfield, Massachusetts
James G. Stevenson, PharmD University of Michigan Hospitals and Health Centers Ann Arbor, Michigan
Yuanli Liu, PhD Harvard university School of Public Health Boston Jorge Cesar Martinez, MD del Salvador University - Mother and Infant Hospital Ramón Sarda Buenos Aires
Mark Van Kooy, MD Aspen Advisors, LLC Pittsburgh
John Øvretveit, PhD, CPsychol, CSci Karolinska Institutet Medical Management Centre Stockholm
Brook Watts, MD, MS Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center Cleveland
Wilson D. Pace, MD University of Colorado Denver
Saul N. Weingart, MD, PhD Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston
Emily S. Patterson, PhD Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio
Albert W. Wu, MD, MPH Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore
Peter Pronovost, MD, PhD Senior Vice President for Patient Safety and Quality and Director of the Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality Johns Hopkins Medicine Baltimore
The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety serves as a peerreviewed forum for practical approaches to improving quality and safety in health care. For more information about The Joint Commission, visit http://www.jointcommission.org. For more information about Joint Commission Resources, visit http://www.jcrinc.com. Journal content. Published monthly, The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety is a peer-reviewed publication dedicated to providing health professionals with the information they need to promote the quality and safety of health care. The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety invites original manuscripts on the development, adaptation, and/or implementation of innovative thinking, strategies, and practices in improving quality and safety in health care. Case studies, program or project reports, reports of new methodologies or new applications of methodologies, research studies on the effectiveness of improvement interventions, and commentaries on issues and practices are all considered. No statement in The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety should be construed as an official position of The Joint Commission or Joint Commission Resources unless otherwise stated. In particular, there has been no official review with regard to matters of standards interpretation or compliance.
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Nancy L. Szaflarski, PhD, RN, FCCM Stanford Hospital & Clinics Stanford, California
November 2012. The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety (ISSN 1553-7250) is published monthly (12 issues per year, 1 volume per year) by Joint Commission Resources, One Renaissance Boulevard, Oakbrook Terrace, IL 60181. Third-class nonprofit postage paid at Oakbrook Terrace, IL, and at additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety, Superior Fulfillment, 131 W. 1st Street, Duluth, MN 558022065. Annual subscription rates for 2012: United States/Canada, $319 for print and online, $299 for online only; ROW, $410 for print and online, $299 for online only. For more information, visit our website at http://www.jcrinc.com/journal. Printed in the USA. Copyright © 2012 by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. Joint Commission Resources, Inc. (JCR), an affiliate of the The Joint Commission, has been designated by The Joint Commission to publish publications and multimedia products. JCR reproduces and distributes these materials under license from The Joint Commission. The mission of JCR is to continuously improve the safety and quality of care in the United States and in the international community through the provision of education and consultation services and international accreditation.
November 2012 Volume 38 Number 11