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217. Correlations between inhibited behavior, HPA axis reactivity, and GABAA receptor concentration in rats
PNIRS meeting abstracts / Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 25 (2011) S179–S242
Also, depression before a heavy exercise stressor may lead to a greater increase in IL-6 and greater decrease in IFN-a production. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2011.07.217
215. Effect of exercise on immunity and depression vary by body weight status and type of exercise M. Kohut, D. Senchina, D. Konopka, F. Macaluso, D.A. McCann, W.F. Franke, J.E. Cunnick, D.W. Russell Iowa State Univ., Kinesiology/Immunobiology, 235 Forker Bldg., Ames, IA 50011, USA Obesity/overweight conditions are associated with reduced response to vaccines and increased levels of inflammatory factors. Two different types of long term exercise interventions were compared for their effects on depression, inflammatory responses and immunity to influenza vaccine in overweight and normal weight older adults. Subjects were divided into a CARDIO exercise group (moderate intensity exercise, 3/week, 30–45 min) or FLEX exercise group (low intensity stretching/weight training, 3/week, 30–45 min) for 1 year. Prior to the intervention, increased BMI was significantly correlated with reduced antibody to influenza vaccine, reduced T-cell proliferative response to influenza, and increased serum CRP and PBMC production of TNFalpha and IL-6. After the intervention, overweight subjects (BMI > 30) in the CARDIO group had significantly greater decreases in depression score compared to overweight subjects in the FLEX group or normal weight subjects in the CARDIO group. After the intervention, in the CARDIO group, antibody response, PBMC TNFalpha and IL-6 were no longer different between overweight and normal weight individuals. However, in the FLEX group, overweight subjects tended to have poorer antibody response to recall antigen, increased serum CRP, and increased IL-6 and TNFalpha production by PBMC. These findings suggest that CARDIO exercise reduces depression score to greater extent than FLEX exercise in overweight subjects, and that CARDIO exercise attenuates the negative effects of overweight/obesity on immune function. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2011.07.218
216. Immunomodulatory activities of bloodroot extracts or isolated constituent alkaloids in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells D. Senchina a, J.E. Hallam b, N.B. Shah c, N.A. Nguyen d, M.A. Perera d a Drake University, 2507 University Ave., 415 Olin Hall, Des Moines, IA 50311, USA b Immunobiology Program and Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA c Pharmacy Program, Drake University, Des Moines, IA, USA d W. M. Keck Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
S241
tion (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF) and proliferation were assayed. LPS stimulation alone increased production of all cytokines and stimulated proliferation. All three bloodroot extracts either had no effect or suppressed cytokine production or proliferation. Cells co-stimulated with LPS and bloodroot extract behaved similarly to those treated with bloodroot extract alone. Mass spectrometry was used to quantify specific alkaloids from extracts; sanguinarine and chelerythrine were most abundant, but levels did not differ significantly by rhizome region. When sanguinarine, chelerythrine, and berberine were dose-response tested alone or in various combinations in a model of in vitro cell proliferation using K562 cells (an immortalized human myelogenous leukemia cell line), only sanguinarine was capable of suppressing proliferation but only at concentrations much higher than those in the native extracts. These results suggest sanguinarine may be responsible for the bulk of immunomodulatory activity from bloodroot extracts.
doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2011.07.219
217. Correlations between inhibited behavior, HPA axis reactivity, and GABAA receptor concentration in rats K.J. Fomalont a, J.C. Earnheart b, C.M. Ragan b, B. Luscher b, S.A. Cavigelli b a
Emory University, Neuroscience, 1659 Briarcliff Rd. NE, Apt 1411, Atlanta, GA 30306-2153, USA b Pennsylvania State University, Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, USA Infants who hesitate to play with a novel toy or socialize with a stranger are more likely compared to their more adventurous peers to develop an anxiety disorder in adulthood. These infants are known to have an inhibited temperament, a categorization that is most easily understood as a heightened fear of novelty. Infant temperament has both genetic and environmental components that make it an ideal target for research focused on the etiology of anxiety disorders. Using a rat model, we investigated the biological underpinnings of inhibited behavior. Outbred Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to the elevated plus maze, a novel social partner task, and a novel environment task. Tail-clipping served as a stressor and as a means to collect blood samples. The blood samples were later assayed for corticosterone concentration to assess HPA axis reactivity to the stressor. Brain autoradiography was performed to visualize GABAA receptor location and concentration. A Spearman rank analysis revealed that there was no correlation between task behavior and corticosterone concentration in blood that was sampled after stressor exposure (p > .05). There was a significant positive correlation between inhibited behavior and radioligand binding in the hypothalamus and in limbic areas (p < .05). There was no correlation between corticosterone concentration in blood that was sampled after stressor exposure, and radioligand binding in any regions of the brain (p > .05).
doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2011.07.220 Extracts and isolated molecules from alkaloid-rich plants such as bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis L., Papaveraceae) may have potential use as immunomodulators and in the treatment of nervous system disorders like Huntington’s disease. Ethanol extracts were produced from the proximal, middle, and distal regions of bloodroot rhizomes harvested in late spring. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from eight human young adult donors and challenged with each of the three extracts separately, solvent vehicle control, LPS, or LPS plus one of the extracts. In vitro cytokine produc-
218. Elevated hippocampal corticosterone levels may be responsible for sensitizing microglia of healthy aged rats R.M. Barrientos, N.Y. Crysdale, J. Amat, M.G. Frank, L.R. Watkins, S.F. Maier Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0345, USA
Also, depression before a heavy exercise stressor may lead to a greater increase in IL-6 and greater decrease in IFN-a production. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2011.07.217
215. Effect of exercise on immunity and depression vary by body weight status and type of exercise M. Kohut, D. Senchina, D. Konopka, F. Macaluso, D.A. McCann, W.F. Franke, J.E. Cunnick, D.W. Russell Iowa State Univ., Kinesiology/Immunobiology, 235 Forker Bldg., Ames, IA 50011, USA Obesity/overweight conditions are associated with reduced response to vaccines and increased levels of inflammatory factors. Two different types of long term exercise interventions were compared for their effects on depression, inflammatory responses and immunity to influenza vaccine in overweight and normal weight older adults. Subjects were divided into a CARDIO exercise group (moderate intensity exercise, 3/week, 30–45 min) or FLEX exercise group (low intensity stretching/weight training, 3/week, 30–45 min) for 1 year. Prior to the intervention, increased BMI was significantly correlated with reduced antibody to influenza vaccine, reduced T-cell proliferative response to influenza, and increased serum CRP and PBMC production of TNFalpha and IL-6. After the intervention, overweight subjects (BMI > 30) in the CARDIO group had significantly greater decreases in depression score compared to overweight subjects in the FLEX group or normal weight subjects in the CARDIO group. After the intervention, in the CARDIO group, antibody response, PBMC TNFalpha and IL-6 were no longer different between overweight and normal weight individuals. However, in the FLEX group, overweight subjects tended to have poorer antibody response to recall antigen, increased serum CRP, and increased IL-6 and TNFalpha production by PBMC. These findings suggest that CARDIO exercise reduces depression score to greater extent than FLEX exercise in overweight subjects, and that CARDIO exercise attenuates the negative effects of overweight/obesity on immune function. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2011.07.218
216. Immunomodulatory activities of bloodroot extracts or isolated constituent alkaloids in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells D. Senchina a, J.E. Hallam b, N.B. Shah c, N.A. Nguyen d, M.A. Perera d a Drake University, 2507 University Ave., 415 Olin Hall, Des Moines, IA 50311, USA b Immunobiology Program and Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA c Pharmacy Program, Drake University, Des Moines, IA, USA d W. M. Keck Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
S241
tion (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF) and proliferation were assayed. LPS stimulation alone increased production of all cytokines and stimulated proliferation. All three bloodroot extracts either had no effect or suppressed cytokine production or proliferation. Cells co-stimulated with LPS and bloodroot extract behaved similarly to those treated with bloodroot extract alone. Mass spectrometry was used to quantify specific alkaloids from extracts; sanguinarine and chelerythrine were most abundant, but levels did not differ significantly by rhizome region. When sanguinarine, chelerythrine, and berberine were dose-response tested alone or in various combinations in a model of in vitro cell proliferation using K562 cells (an immortalized human myelogenous leukemia cell line), only sanguinarine was capable of suppressing proliferation but only at concentrations much higher than those in the native extracts. These results suggest sanguinarine may be responsible for the bulk of immunomodulatory activity from bloodroot extracts.
doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2011.07.219
217. Correlations between inhibited behavior, HPA axis reactivity, and GABAA receptor concentration in rats K.J. Fomalont a, J.C. Earnheart b, C.M. Ragan b, B. Luscher b, S.A. Cavigelli b a
Emory University, Neuroscience, 1659 Briarcliff Rd. NE, Apt 1411, Atlanta, GA 30306-2153, USA b Pennsylvania State University, Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, USA Infants who hesitate to play with a novel toy or socialize with a stranger are more likely compared to their more adventurous peers to develop an anxiety disorder in adulthood. These infants are known to have an inhibited temperament, a categorization that is most easily understood as a heightened fear of novelty. Infant temperament has both genetic and environmental components that make it an ideal target for research focused on the etiology of anxiety disorders. Using a rat model, we investigated the biological underpinnings of inhibited behavior. Outbred Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to the elevated plus maze, a novel social partner task, and a novel environment task. Tail-clipping served as a stressor and as a means to collect blood samples. The blood samples were later assayed for corticosterone concentration to assess HPA axis reactivity to the stressor. Brain autoradiography was performed to visualize GABAA receptor location and concentration. A Spearman rank analysis revealed that there was no correlation between task behavior and corticosterone concentration in blood that was sampled after stressor exposure (p > .05). There was a significant positive correlation between inhibited behavior and radioligand binding in the hypothalamus and in limbic areas (p < .05). There was no correlation between corticosterone concentration in blood that was sampled after stressor exposure, and radioligand binding in any regions of the brain (p > .05).
doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2011.07.220 Extracts and isolated molecules from alkaloid-rich plants such as bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis L., Papaveraceae) may have potential use as immunomodulators and in the treatment of nervous system disorders like Huntington’s disease. Ethanol extracts were produced from the proximal, middle, and distal regions of bloodroot rhizomes harvested in late spring. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from eight human young adult donors and challenged with each of the three extracts separately, solvent vehicle control, LPS, or LPS plus one of the extracts. In vitro cytokine produc-
218. Elevated hippocampal corticosterone levels may be responsible for sensitizing microglia of healthy aged rats R.M. Barrientos, N.Y. Crysdale, J. Amat, M.G. Frank, L.R. Watkins, S.F. Maier Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0345, USA