- Email: [email protected]
243 The effects of a high volume versus low volume balance training program on postural sway
Physiological responses of the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test in sub-elite Soccer players
241
T. Hoare1*, J. Sear1, K. Hutchinson1, L. Lewis1 & B. Dascombe1 1 Central Queensland University
The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) as a match simulation training method in sub-elite Soccer players. Ten amateur Soccer players ((X ± SD) age: 20.1 ± 3.67 yr; %BF: 22.9 ± 3.48 %; VO2max 54.5 ± 2.3 mL•kg-1•min-1) volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects completed the LIST activity pattern for 90 min on a standard Soccer field. During the LIST activity each subject’s blood lactate and glucose responses were recorded every 15 min of exercise. Each subject’s heart rate was continually recorded across the 90 min of LIST activity. One-sample t-tests were used to determine significant differences between the physiological responses of the LIST and previously reported match play. The LIST activity demonstrated significantly higher mean heart rates (182 ± 6 b•min-1; 156 ± 13 b•min-1, p<0.001) and blood lactate concentrations (6.6 ± 2.1 mmol•L-1; 3.7 ± 1.6 mmol•L-1, p<0.003) compared to previously-reported Soccer match play. The blood glucose responses observed during the LIST activity were not different to those reported for Soccer match play (4.4 ± 2.0 mmol•L-1; 5.1 ± 0.6 mmol•L-1, p<0.307). The physiological responses observed indicated that Soccer players sustain higher physiological demands during LIST activity compared to Soccer match play. These results suggest that the LIST may be a useful training tool for sub-elite Soccer players given its superior physiological requirements and training load.
Acute exercise response of blood glucose to short-term exercise training in patients with type 2 diabetes
242
M. Hordern1*, P. Wood1, J. Prins1, T. Marwick1 & J. Coombes1 1 The University Of Queensland
In healthy individuals an exercise bout is associated with a decrease in blood glucose. Understanding the effects of training on exercise-induced changes in blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) may assist in delineating training adaptations of successive training sessions. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of successive bouts of exercise training on blood glucose changes over a single exercise session. Thirty-four patients with T2DM (18 males) completed two exercise bouts per week for four weeks. Exercise training consisted of moderate intensity cardiorespiratory and resistance training exercises, individually prescribed to each patient. The duration and relative intensity for each session was kept constant. Blood glucose was measured immediately prior to and after each training session. Changes in blood glucose (pre to post session) over the four weeks were mean±SD; week 1 Ļ13.27±18.62%, week 2 Ļ 19.65±18.45%, week 3 Ļ18.11±20.76%, week 4 Ļ22.76±17.92%. Repeated measures ANCOVA showed that there was a significant time effect over the four weeks (p<0.01). Over the intervention period there were significant decreases (p<0.05) in HbA1c (Ļ3.1±5.8%), resting heart rate (Ļ6.9±12%) and systolic blood pressure (Ļ3.3±11.4%) and increases in VO2max (Ĺ 8.8±20.8%) and lean body mass (Ĺ2.66±5.32%). In summary, four weeks of exercise training improves the exercise-induced decrease in blood glucose over a single session. These data may assist in understanding the cumulative effects of exercise training in patients with T2DM.
The effects of a high volume versus low volume balance training program on postural sway
243
D. Kidgell1,4*, T. Castricum1, D. Horvath2 & A. Pearce3,4 School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University 2 School of Biomedical Sciences, Victoria University 3 School of Human Movememt, Recreation and Performance, Victoria University 4 Centre for Ageing, Rehabilitation, Exercise and Sport
1
This study determined if high or low volume training was more effective in improving postural sway, after an 8-week balance training program utilizing the same exercises. Seventeen healthy subjects (14 male, 3 female) with a mean age of 24.06 ± 5.6 years were randomly allocated into a control group (C), low volume training (LVT) or high volume training (HVT). Subjects completed 8 weeks of balance training of up to 30mins duration, 3 times per week. LVT consisted of 40 repetitions for week 1, progressing to 90 repetitions by week 8.HVT consisted of 60 repetitions for week 1, progressing to 130 repetitions by week 8. Postural sway was measured by subjects performing a single limb stance on a force plate. The disbursement of the centre of pressure (CoP) was obtained from the force plate in the medial-lateral (m-l) sway path and subsequently used for pre-test and post-test analysis. After the 8 week training intervention, there was a significant (P<0.011) difference in postural sway between pre and post testing for both the LVT (pre = 88.69mm ± 25.08mm, post = 72.17mm ± 27.53.5mm) and HVT (pre = 77.47mm ± 10.57mm, post = 58.54mm ± 7.01mm) groups. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference detected for improvements between the LVT and HVT, however, reported effect sizes showed medium effect size changes in the high volume training (ES = 0.6) whereas low volume training showed small effect size changes (0.2). Further research is required on the volume of balance training required to improve postural sway.
Lipoprotein (a) in ultra-endurance triathletes
244
W. Knez1*, D. Jenkins2 & J. Coombes2 Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, James Cook University 2 School of Human Movement Studies, The University of Queensland
1
Introduction: Individuals that maintain a high-volume of exercise training have been shown to have high levels of lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)), which is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Furthermore, some epidemiological data suggests that too much exercise is associated with an increased risk of CVD. Purpose: This study sought to determine resting Lp(a) concentrations in ultra-endurance triathletes and compare these to matched controls. Methods: Resting blood was sampled from 47 ultra-endurance triathletes (37 male & 10 female) and age (mean age and range: athletes 33.5yrs, range 20-55; controls 33.5yrs, range 23-56), gender, height and weight-matched relatively inactive controls. Blood was analyzed for Lp(a). Results: Compared to control participants, a greater proportion of ultra-endurance athletes (19% vs. 6%) had Lp(a) concentrations that were above a clinically acceptable level. Conclusion: The present investigation showed that ultra-endurance triathletes have elevated Lp(a).
84
241
T. Hoare1*, J. Sear1, K. Hutchinson1, L. Lewis1 & B. Dascombe1 1 Central Queensland University
The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) as a match simulation training method in sub-elite Soccer players. Ten amateur Soccer players ((X ± SD) age: 20.1 ± 3.67 yr; %BF: 22.9 ± 3.48 %; VO2max 54.5 ± 2.3 mL•kg-1•min-1) volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects completed the LIST activity pattern for 90 min on a standard Soccer field. During the LIST activity each subject’s blood lactate and glucose responses were recorded every 15 min of exercise. Each subject’s heart rate was continually recorded across the 90 min of LIST activity. One-sample t-tests were used to determine significant differences between the physiological responses of the LIST and previously reported match play. The LIST activity demonstrated significantly higher mean heart rates (182 ± 6 b•min-1; 156 ± 13 b•min-1, p<0.001) and blood lactate concentrations (6.6 ± 2.1 mmol•L-1; 3.7 ± 1.6 mmol•L-1, p<0.003) compared to previously-reported Soccer match play. The blood glucose responses observed during the LIST activity were not different to those reported for Soccer match play (4.4 ± 2.0 mmol•L-1; 5.1 ± 0.6 mmol•L-1, p<0.307). The physiological responses observed indicated that Soccer players sustain higher physiological demands during LIST activity compared to Soccer match play. These results suggest that the LIST may be a useful training tool for sub-elite Soccer players given its superior physiological requirements and training load.
Acute exercise response of blood glucose to short-term exercise training in patients with type 2 diabetes
242
M. Hordern1*, P. Wood1, J. Prins1, T. Marwick1 & J. Coombes1 1 The University Of Queensland
In healthy individuals an exercise bout is associated with a decrease in blood glucose. Understanding the effects of training on exercise-induced changes in blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) may assist in delineating training adaptations of successive training sessions. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of successive bouts of exercise training on blood glucose changes over a single exercise session. Thirty-four patients with T2DM (18 males) completed two exercise bouts per week for four weeks. Exercise training consisted of moderate intensity cardiorespiratory and resistance training exercises, individually prescribed to each patient. The duration and relative intensity for each session was kept constant. Blood glucose was measured immediately prior to and after each training session. Changes in blood glucose (pre to post session) over the four weeks were mean±SD; week 1 Ļ13.27±18.62%, week 2 Ļ 19.65±18.45%, week 3 Ļ18.11±20.76%, week 4 Ļ22.76±17.92%. Repeated measures ANCOVA showed that there was a significant time effect over the four weeks (p<0.01). Over the intervention period there were significant decreases (p<0.05) in HbA1c (Ļ3.1±5.8%), resting heart rate (Ļ6.9±12%) and systolic blood pressure (Ļ3.3±11.4%) and increases in VO2max (Ĺ 8.8±20.8%) and lean body mass (Ĺ2.66±5.32%). In summary, four weeks of exercise training improves the exercise-induced decrease in blood glucose over a single session. These data may assist in understanding the cumulative effects of exercise training in patients with T2DM.
The effects of a high volume versus low volume balance training program on postural sway
243
D. Kidgell1,4*, T. Castricum1, D. Horvath2 & A. Pearce3,4 School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University 2 School of Biomedical Sciences, Victoria University 3 School of Human Movememt, Recreation and Performance, Victoria University 4 Centre for Ageing, Rehabilitation, Exercise and Sport
1
This study determined if high or low volume training was more effective in improving postural sway, after an 8-week balance training program utilizing the same exercises. Seventeen healthy subjects (14 male, 3 female) with a mean age of 24.06 ± 5.6 years were randomly allocated into a control group (C), low volume training (LVT) or high volume training (HVT). Subjects completed 8 weeks of balance training of up to 30mins duration, 3 times per week. LVT consisted of 40 repetitions for week 1, progressing to 90 repetitions by week 8.HVT consisted of 60 repetitions for week 1, progressing to 130 repetitions by week 8. Postural sway was measured by subjects performing a single limb stance on a force plate. The disbursement of the centre of pressure (CoP) was obtained from the force plate in the medial-lateral (m-l) sway path and subsequently used for pre-test and post-test analysis. After the 8 week training intervention, there was a significant (P<0.011) difference in postural sway between pre and post testing for both the LVT (pre = 88.69mm ± 25.08mm, post = 72.17mm ± 27.53.5mm) and HVT (pre = 77.47mm ± 10.57mm, post = 58.54mm ± 7.01mm) groups. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference detected for improvements between the LVT and HVT, however, reported effect sizes showed medium effect size changes in the high volume training (ES = 0.6) whereas low volume training showed small effect size changes (0.2). Further research is required on the volume of balance training required to improve postural sway.
Lipoprotein (a) in ultra-endurance triathletes
244
W. Knez1*, D. Jenkins2 & J. Coombes2 Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, James Cook University 2 School of Human Movement Studies, The University of Queensland
1
Introduction: Individuals that maintain a high-volume of exercise training have been shown to have high levels of lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)), which is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Furthermore, some epidemiological data suggests that too much exercise is associated with an increased risk of CVD. Purpose: This study sought to determine resting Lp(a) concentrations in ultra-endurance triathletes and compare these to matched controls. Methods: Resting blood was sampled from 47 ultra-endurance triathletes (37 male & 10 female) and age (mean age and range: athletes 33.5yrs, range 20-55; controls 33.5yrs, range 23-56), gender, height and weight-matched relatively inactive controls. Blood was analyzed for Lp(a). Results: Compared to control participants, a greater proportion of ultra-endurance athletes (19% vs. 6%) had Lp(a) concentrations that were above a clinically acceptable level. Conclusion: The present investigation showed that ultra-endurance triathletes have elevated Lp(a).
84