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251. The effect of sulphur addition to coal-tar pitch on the yield, properties and structure of resultant coke
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Abstracts
245. Experimental determination of Compton scattering from pyrolytic grapkfteand glass-like carbons Leo G. Henry and Robert H. Bragg (Materials and Molecular Research Hivision, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and Department of Materials Science and Mineral Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720). In pyrolytic graphite, PG, the X-ray scattering far from a Bragg reflection is all Compton modified radiation. A comparison of direct measurements shows that the Compton fraction in the scattering from disordered carbons, e.g. glassy carbon, can be calculated from measurements on PG and the adsorption coefficient of the disordered carbon. 246. Forms of particulatecarbon in soot and carbon black Avrom I. Medalia and Donald Rivin (Cabot Corporation, Concord Road, Billerica, MA 01821). At least four morphologically distinct forms of particulate carbon, one of which has not been recognized previously, can be identified in various types of soot. A form of carbon with clustured particulate morphology, which we propose to call “aciniform carbon”, is the principal carbon component of diesel soot and carbon black. Due to their origin as a by-product, soots generally have considerably larger amounts of organic extract and/or ash than carbon black. 247. A simple nucleation/depletionmodel for the spkerule size of partkmlatecarbon George W. Smith (Physics Department, General Motors Research Laboratories, Warren, MI48090). An interesting aspect of particulate carbon formed during combustion is the near universality of size of the spheroidal units (spherules) which are the basis of soot agglomerates. The spherule size is relatively constant over a wide range of combustion pressures (103-10’Pa). We describe a simple nucleation/depletion model to calculate the spherule size.
alloys of these metals involves a preliminary step of fragmentation of the metal catalyst followed by the germination of the carbon on the metal fragments. The kinetics of the two processes has been studied on sheets of a FeCo alloy, this study was supplemented by T. E. M. observations of thin foils. 250. The effect of size distribution on tbe properties of coke filler Bnes W. G. Bradshaw (Lockheed Palo Alto Research Laboratories, Palo Alto, CA 94304). Currently various methods such as microscopy, air elutriation, sedimentation, and centrifugation are used to determine particle size distribution. The applicability of these methods to the analysis of coke filler fines was evaluated in terms of the geometric mean and dispersion using various techniques. The effect of such variability on Key processing properties such as binder requirements and interparticle bonding is to be determined. 251. Tbe effect of sulplnu addition to coal-tar pitch on tbe yield, propertiesand structureof resultant coke J. Machnikowski, L. Wajzer and S. Jasienko (Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum and Coal, Technical University of WrocIaw, 50-344 Wroc,Jaw, ul, Gduriska 7/9, Poland). Pitch coke yield, its elementary composition, optical texture and graphitizability were studied as a function of elementary sulphur content in carbonized coal-tar pitch. Most of the structural properties of the coke were almost unaffected by an addition of up to 10% of sulphur, although significant increase in the coke yield and decrease in the coke porosity occurred. With a higher sulphur content an isotropic and poorlygraphitizing coke was formed. 252. Stnreture In needle-cokesrevealed by oxidation witb cbromk acid V. Markovic, H. Marsh and S. Ragan (Northern Carbon Research Loboratories, School of Chemistry, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England). Structures within commercially available needle-cokes were studied by oxidation in a chromic acid solution. Optical textures assessed from reflectance optical microscopy is compared with surface topography which is developed by oxidation with the chromic acid and examined by SEM. Needle-coke is a composite of an intimate association of possibly three structures which form together in the delayed coker.
248. Particulate carbon size distribution characterization by small angle X-ray scattering John E. Keem and George W. Smith (Physics Department, General Motors Research Laboratories, Warren, MI 48090). An important attribute characterizing particulate carbon formed during combustion is the size distribution of the microstructural “spherules”-the basis of the particles’ agglomerate morphology. We show that small angle X-ray scattering is an effective quantitative method for such, characterization. Studies of acetylene soot yield spherule sizes in agreement with 253. Porosity of carbonized he&wood qualitative electron microscopy results. P. Ehrburger, E. Wozniak and J. Lahaye (Centre de Recherches sur la Physico-Chimie des Surfaces Solides, 249. Formationof catalytic carbons-fragmentation of tbe 24, avenue du President Kennedy, 68200 Mulhouse, catalyst and germinationof tbe carbon particles France). Beechwood has been carbonized in an inert C. Vanvoren, M. Audier, M. Coulon and L. Bonnetain atmosphere at 3 temperatures of treatment, previously (Laboratoire d’Adsorption et Reaction de Gar sur Sol- determined by D.T.A. Initial and carbonized samples ides, Ecole Nationale Superieure d’Electrochimie et have been characterized by scanning electron microsd’ Electrometallurgie, Domaine Universitaire-B.P. 44- copy of longitudinal, transversal and tangential cuts. 38401 Saint Martin d’Heres, France). Carbon deposition Pore volumes down to 15nm have been measured by by CO disproportionation or by catalytic decomposition mercury porosimetry. Both methods demonstrate that of a hydrocarbon vapour catalysed by Fe, Ni, Co or porosity of carbonized material corresponds to those of
Abstracts
245. Experimental determination of Compton scattering from pyrolytic grapkfteand glass-like carbons Leo G. Henry and Robert H. Bragg (Materials and Molecular Research Hivision, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and Department of Materials Science and Mineral Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720). In pyrolytic graphite, PG, the X-ray scattering far from a Bragg reflection is all Compton modified radiation. A comparison of direct measurements shows that the Compton fraction in the scattering from disordered carbons, e.g. glassy carbon, can be calculated from measurements on PG and the adsorption coefficient of the disordered carbon. 246. Forms of particulatecarbon in soot and carbon black Avrom I. Medalia and Donald Rivin (Cabot Corporation, Concord Road, Billerica, MA 01821). At least four morphologically distinct forms of particulate carbon, one of which has not been recognized previously, can be identified in various types of soot. A form of carbon with clustured particulate morphology, which we propose to call “aciniform carbon”, is the principal carbon component of diesel soot and carbon black. Due to their origin as a by-product, soots generally have considerably larger amounts of organic extract and/or ash than carbon black. 247. A simple nucleation/depletionmodel for the spkerule size of partkmlatecarbon George W. Smith (Physics Department, General Motors Research Laboratories, Warren, MI48090). An interesting aspect of particulate carbon formed during combustion is the near universality of size of the spheroidal units (spherules) which are the basis of soot agglomerates. The spherule size is relatively constant over a wide range of combustion pressures (103-10’Pa). We describe a simple nucleation/depletion model to calculate the spherule size.
alloys of these metals involves a preliminary step of fragmentation of the metal catalyst followed by the germination of the carbon on the metal fragments. The kinetics of the two processes has been studied on sheets of a FeCo alloy, this study was supplemented by T. E. M. observations of thin foils. 250. The effect of size distribution on tbe properties of coke filler Bnes W. G. Bradshaw (Lockheed Palo Alto Research Laboratories, Palo Alto, CA 94304). Currently various methods such as microscopy, air elutriation, sedimentation, and centrifugation are used to determine particle size distribution. The applicability of these methods to the analysis of coke filler fines was evaluated in terms of the geometric mean and dispersion using various techniques. The effect of such variability on Key processing properties such as binder requirements and interparticle bonding is to be determined. 251. Tbe effect of sulplnu addition to coal-tar pitch on tbe yield, propertiesand structureof resultant coke J. Machnikowski, L. Wajzer and S. Jasienko (Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum and Coal, Technical University of WrocIaw, 50-344 Wroc,Jaw, ul, Gduriska 7/9, Poland). Pitch coke yield, its elementary composition, optical texture and graphitizability were studied as a function of elementary sulphur content in carbonized coal-tar pitch. Most of the structural properties of the coke were almost unaffected by an addition of up to 10% of sulphur, although significant increase in the coke yield and decrease in the coke porosity occurred. With a higher sulphur content an isotropic and poorlygraphitizing coke was formed. 252. Stnreture In needle-cokesrevealed by oxidation witb cbromk acid V. Markovic, H. Marsh and S. Ragan (Northern Carbon Research Loboratories, School of Chemistry, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England). Structures within commercially available needle-cokes were studied by oxidation in a chromic acid solution. Optical textures assessed from reflectance optical microscopy is compared with surface topography which is developed by oxidation with the chromic acid and examined by SEM. Needle-coke is a composite of an intimate association of possibly three structures which form together in the delayed coker.
248. Particulate carbon size distribution characterization by small angle X-ray scattering John E. Keem and George W. Smith (Physics Department, General Motors Research Laboratories, Warren, MI 48090). An important attribute characterizing particulate carbon formed during combustion is the size distribution of the microstructural “spherules”-the basis of the particles’ agglomerate morphology. We show that small angle X-ray scattering is an effective quantitative method for such, characterization. Studies of acetylene soot yield spherule sizes in agreement with 253. Porosity of carbonized he&wood qualitative electron microscopy results. P. Ehrburger, E. Wozniak and J. Lahaye (Centre de Recherches sur la Physico-Chimie des Surfaces Solides, 249. Formationof catalytic carbons-fragmentation of tbe 24, avenue du President Kennedy, 68200 Mulhouse, catalyst and germinationof tbe carbon particles France). Beechwood has been carbonized in an inert C. Vanvoren, M. Audier, M. Coulon and L. Bonnetain atmosphere at 3 temperatures of treatment, previously (Laboratoire d’Adsorption et Reaction de Gar sur Sol- determined by D.T.A. Initial and carbonized samples ides, Ecole Nationale Superieure d’Electrochimie et have been characterized by scanning electron microsd’ Electrometallurgie, Domaine Universitaire-B.P. 44- copy of longitudinal, transversal and tangential cuts. 38401 Saint Martin d’Heres, France). Carbon deposition Pore volumes down to 15nm have been measured by by CO disproportionation or by catalytic decomposition mercury porosimetry. Both methods demonstrate that of a hydrocarbon vapour catalysed by Fe, Ni, Co or porosity of carbonized material corresponds to those of