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255. Design parameters for welding and brazing vacuum components
Classified abstracts 245-257 probability was a b o u t 1 × 10-'z for both chlorine a n d hydrogen chloride a n d tended to increase with temperature. L Shaw and N P Carleton, J Chem Phys, 44 (9), 1 May 1966, 3387-
tools is described, namely an Al-filled material that is porous a n d permits service at 450 ° . J Delmonte, Plastics Design Process, 5, 1965, 12-14.
3392. 41 245. Apparatus for testing friction-pair materials. ( U S S R ) A new form o f a p p a r a t u s for testing friction-pair materials in high v a c u u m is described. T h i s differs from conventional f o r m s in that it is provided with a hermetically-sealed c h a m b e r inside which the materials to be tested are placed; the c h a m b e r c o m m u n i c a t e s with a h i g h - v a c u u m system. T h i s enables friction a n d wear to be determined over a wide range o f temperatures under h i g h - v a c u u m conditions. T h e a p p a r a t u s is furnished with the usual backing a n d oil-vapour p u m p s , a nitrogen trap, a friction-testing machine, a n d a system for c h a n g i n g the specimen without disturbing the v a c u u m plant. A gallium-base eutectic with a melting point o f 14~'C is used as insulating liquid; this enables the c h a m b e r to be heated to 300°C. T h e p u m p system enables the pressure in the test c h a m b e r to be reduced to 5:: 10 9 torr; v a c u u m gauges are provided at various points for m o n i t o r i n g purposes. V V Grib and S V Bosov, USSR Patent No 175,292, Appl 18th March 1964, publ'd 19th Nov 1965.
42. G l a s s , c e r a m i c s
and refractory oxides
42 246. Ceramic material. (USSR) Some new ceramic material for use in radio a n d electronic technology are described. W h e r e a s existing BeO-base ceramics have p o o r thermal conductivity, leading to frequent overheating a n d short lifetimes of vital c o m p o n e n t s , the new material, in addition to high v a c u u m tightness, h a s a g o o d thermal conductivity a n d low dielectric constant, with low losses. T h e main c o m p o n e n t s of the new ceramic are BeO 95-97, C a O 0.85~).88, A1203 1.13-1.17, SiO2 0.92-0.95 per cent. Only high-quality BeO is used in preparing the ceramic; the high v a c u u m properties are achieved by roasting in flame or hydrogen furnaces at 1750°C. A V Smolya, USSR Patent No 178,403, Appl 13th March 1965, publ'd 2nd March 1966.
43. Plastics and elastomers 43 : 30 Adhesives and sealants for use in vacuum coating of metals. See abstract n u m b e r 138. 43 247. On the development of industrial vacuum resin casting and vacuum impregnating plant. (Germany) T h e systematic p r o d u c t i o n of highly stressed electrical insulating c o m p o n e n t s h a s forced the development o f mechanised a n d autom a t e d v a c u u m units for preparing a n d casting synthetic resin pastes (eg epoxide resin pastes) as well as for i m p r e g n a t i n g with such pastes. T h e processing plant is suited to the properties o f the resin/harderc o m p o n e n t s systems a n d vice-versa a n d the whole is considered in relation to industrial working reliability. W Armbruster, Vakuum-Teehnik, 15, 1966, 137-142 (in German). 43 248. An introduction to adhesives. (USA) A general discussion o f adhesion a n d adhesives is presented. Typical joint strength a n d application t e m p e r a t u r e o f several materials polybutadienr, natural rubber, synthetic rubber, PVC, tar a n d bitumen, polythenes, sealing wax etc, w h i c h m i g h t be used as hot melt adhesives are given. A W Henderson, Sheet Metal Ind, 42, 1965, 653-661. 43 : 33 249. Neutron generator accelerating tube made from epoxy resin. (USSR) All insulators usually m a d e from glass or ceramics were m a d e from epoxy resin type E D 6. Mechanical a n d electrical characteristics after two years experience are described. A high v a c u u m of 4 x l0 -7 torr was obtained as well as in the s a m e tube with insulators m a d e from porcelain. G P Dolya and V P Samoylov, Pribory Tekh Eksper, I I (2), March April 1966, 19-22 (in Russian). 43 250. Porous. high-temperature plastics for vacuum forming. (USA) A recent d e v e l o p m e n t in epoxy c o m p o u n d s for v a c u u m - f o r m i n g
68
45. Soldering, welding, brazing, solders 45 : 37 Diffusion welding of magnetic alloys in vacuo. See abstract n u m b e r 209. 45 251. Assemblies joined by vacuum induction brazing. (USA) Joints involving 304, 316, 32l a n d 346 stainless steels a n d 600 a n d 750 lncone[ tubing are considered. Brazing is p e r f o r m e d u n d e r v a c u u m with heating by induction coil. The p u m p i n g a r r a n g e m e n t is illustrated schematically. Pressure is reduced to I micron within 5 minutes after p u m p i n g begins. S Watkins, Metal Progress, 89 (4), 1966, 73-7.5. 45 252. Electron-beam welding of the leads to electrical vacuum systems. (USSR) A n electron-beam m e t h o d of welding tungsten a n d nickel c o m p o n e n t s in the leads to electrical v a c u u m systems is described, together with the properties o f the welded joints. T h e heating a n d melting of the two c o m p o n e n t wires is effected by the heat c o m m u n i c a t e d to the tungsten c o m p o n e n t by a well-focused electron beam, the wires being fixed in a special holder set in the working c h a m b e r . The nickel wire is fed in towards the tungsten wire by m e a n s o f a spring m o u n t e d in the holder, a n d the whole process takes no more than a second. A n inspection window is provided for visual control. F o r leads of the order of I m m diameter a 10 keV, 6 m A b e a m is suitable, the v a c u u m s u r r o u n d i n g the weld being of the order of 10 a torr. Typical welds carried out in this way showed no obvious defects u n d e r the microscope at 500 times magnification pores, cracks, and inclusions were absent. G S K a z ' m i n et al, Tr Tomsk lnst Radioelektron i Elektron Tekhn, 4, 1965, 112 (in Russian). 45 253. Welding of metals in the space environment. (USA) The parameters o f time, pressure a n d t e m p e r a t u r e that influence solid state joining of metals in a v a c u u m have been studied at an environmental pressure o f 5 l0 9 torr at 25 a n d 500'~C a n d c o m pressive stresses within the elastic limits o f the materials. P M Winslow and D V McIntyre, Am Soc Metal,,, Teeh Rep D5-18. 1965, 16 pages. 45 254. Brazing in vacuum technology. (Germany) Special requirements for brazing operations a n d the quality of brazing joints subjected to high v a c u u m are discussed. H Hannover, Fertiyunstech Betrieh, 15, 1965, 760-762 (in German). 45 255. Design parameters for welding and brazing vacuum components. (USA) D i a g r a m s a n d techniques are described for the p e r m a n e n t joining o f metal parts for v a c u u m systems are presented. J L Sullivan and J B Sehultz, Res/Develop, Sept 1966, 64-70.
47. Outgassing data, vapour pressure data, gettering data, residual gases in vacuum systems, residual gas analysis 47 9 : 2 7 256. Methods of leak detection and their applications to leakages by porosity diffusion. (France) T h e different rnethods of leak detection to be used according to the irnportance o f the leak, the degree o f v a c u u m a n d the cleanliness o f the parts, are discussed. Other topics covered include: preparation of the parts to be tested; special precautions to be taken for the detection o f leakage by porosity diffusion and o f delayed leaks; and the advantages of v a c u u m baking after degreasing a n d before testing. P Noe et al, Le Vide, 122, 1966, 162-166 (in French). 47 257. A residual gas analyzer with experimental results applied to spatial simulation. (France) A residual gas analyzer is described, with e m p h a s i s on the use of a m a s s spectrometer with 60 ° angle, use of an electron multiplier
tools is described, namely an Al-filled material that is porous a n d permits service at 450 ° . J Delmonte, Plastics Design Process, 5, 1965, 12-14.
3392. 41 245. Apparatus for testing friction-pair materials. ( U S S R ) A new form o f a p p a r a t u s for testing friction-pair materials in high v a c u u m is described. T h i s differs from conventional f o r m s in that it is provided with a hermetically-sealed c h a m b e r inside which the materials to be tested are placed; the c h a m b e r c o m m u n i c a t e s with a h i g h - v a c u u m system. T h i s enables friction a n d wear to be determined over a wide range o f temperatures under h i g h - v a c u u m conditions. T h e a p p a r a t u s is furnished with the usual backing a n d oil-vapour p u m p s , a nitrogen trap, a friction-testing machine, a n d a system for c h a n g i n g the specimen without disturbing the v a c u u m plant. A gallium-base eutectic with a melting point o f 14~'C is used as insulating liquid; this enables the c h a m b e r to be heated to 300°C. T h e p u m p system enables the pressure in the test c h a m b e r to be reduced to 5:: 10 9 torr; v a c u u m gauges are provided at various points for m o n i t o r i n g purposes. V V Grib and S V Bosov, USSR Patent No 175,292, Appl 18th March 1964, publ'd 19th Nov 1965.
42. G l a s s , c e r a m i c s
and refractory oxides
42 246. Ceramic material. (USSR) Some new ceramic material for use in radio a n d electronic technology are described. W h e r e a s existing BeO-base ceramics have p o o r thermal conductivity, leading to frequent overheating a n d short lifetimes of vital c o m p o n e n t s , the new material, in addition to high v a c u u m tightness, h a s a g o o d thermal conductivity a n d low dielectric constant, with low losses. T h e main c o m p o n e n t s of the new ceramic are BeO 95-97, C a O 0.85~).88, A1203 1.13-1.17, SiO2 0.92-0.95 per cent. Only high-quality BeO is used in preparing the ceramic; the high v a c u u m properties are achieved by roasting in flame or hydrogen furnaces at 1750°C. A V Smolya, USSR Patent No 178,403, Appl 13th March 1965, publ'd 2nd March 1966.
43. Plastics and elastomers 43 : 30 Adhesives and sealants for use in vacuum coating of metals. See abstract n u m b e r 138. 43 247. On the development of industrial vacuum resin casting and vacuum impregnating plant. (Germany) T h e systematic p r o d u c t i o n of highly stressed electrical insulating c o m p o n e n t s h a s forced the development o f mechanised a n d autom a t e d v a c u u m units for preparing a n d casting synthetic resin pastes (eg epoxide resin pastes) as well as for i m p r e g n a t i n g with such pastes. T h e processing plant is suited to the properties o f the resin/harderc o m p o n e n t s systems a n d vice-versa a n d the whole is considered in relation to industrial working reliability. W Armbruster, Vakuum-Teehnik, 15, 1966, 137-142 (in German). 43 248. An introduction to adhesives. (USA) A general discussion o f adhesion a n d adhesives is presented. Typical joint strength a n d application t e m p e r a t u r e o f several materials polybutadienr, natural rubber, synthetic rubber, PVC, tar a n d bitumen, polythenes, sealing wax etc, w h i c h m i g h t be used as hot melt adhesives are given. A W Henderson, Sheet Metal Ind, 42, 1965, 653-661. 43 : 33 249. Neutron generator accelerating tube made from epoxy resin. (USSR) All insulators usually m a d e from glass or ceramics were m a d e from epoxy resin type E D 6. Mechanical a n d electrical characteristics after two years experience are described. A high v a c u u m of 4 x l0 -7 torr was obtained as well as in the s a m e tube with insulators m a d e from porcelain. G P Dolya and V P Samoylov, Pribory Tekh Eksper, I I (2), March April 1966, 19-22 (in Russian). 43 250. Porous. high-temperature plastics for vacuum forming. (USA) A recent d e v e l o p m e n t in epoxy c o m p o u n d s for v a c u u m - f o r m i n g
68
45. Soldering, welding, brazing, solders 45 : 37 Diffusion welding of magnetic alloys in vacuo. See abstract n u m b e r 209. 45 251. Assemblies joined by vacuum induction brazing. (USA) Joints involving 304, 316, 32l a n d 346 stainless steels a n d 600 a n d 750 lncone[ tubing are considered. Brazing is p e r f o r m e d u n d e r v a c u u m with heating by induction coil. The p u m p i n g a r r a n g e m e n t is illustrated schematically. Pressure is reduced to I micron within 5 minutes after p u m p i n g begins. S Watkins, Metal Progress, 89 (4), 1966, 73-7.5. 45 252. Electron-beam welding of the leads to electrical vacuum systems. (USSR) A n electron-beam m e t h o d of welding tungsten a n d nickel c o m p o n e n t s in the leads to electrical v a c u u m systems is described, together with the properties o f the welded joints. T h e heating a n d melting of the two c o m p o n e n t wires is effected by the heat c o m m u n i c a t e d to the tungsten c o m p o n e n t by a well-focused electron beam, the wires being fixed in a special holder set in the working c h a m b e r . The nickel wire is fed in towards the tungsten wire by m e a n s o f a spring m o u n t e d in the holder, a n d the whole process takes no more than a second. A n inspection window is provided for visual control. F o r leads of the order of I m m diameter a 10 keV, 6 m A b e a m is suitable, the v a c u u m s u r r o u n d i n g the weld being of the order of 10 a torr. Typical welds carried out in this way showed no obvious defects u n d e r the microscope at 500 times magnification pores, cracks, and inclusions were absent. G S K a z ' m i n et al, Tr Tomsk lnst Radioelektron i Elektron Tekhn, 4, 1965, 112 (in Russian). 45 253. Welding of metals in the space environment. (USA) The parameters o f time, pressure a n d t e m p e r a t u r e that influence solid state joining of metals in a v a c u u m have been studied at an environmental pressure o f 5 l0 9 torr at 25 a n d 500'~C a n d c o m pressive stresses within the elastic limits o f the materials. P M Winslow and D V McIntyre, Am Soc Metal,,, Teeh Rep D5-18. 1965, 16 pages. 45 254. Brazing in vacuum technology. (Germany) Special requirements for brazing operations a n d the quality of brazing joints subjected to high v a c u u m are discussed. H Hannover, Fertiyunstech Betrieh, 15, 1965, 760-762 (in German). 45 255. Design parameters for welding and brazing vacuum components. (USA) D i a g r a m s a n d techniques are described for the p e r m a n e n t joining o f metal parts for v a c u u m systems are presented. J L Sullivan and J B Sehultz, Res/Develop, Sept 1966, 64-70.
47. Outgassing data, vapour pressure data, gettering data, residual gases in vacuum systems, residual gas analysis 47 9 : 2 7 256. Methods of leak detection and their applications to leakages by porosity diffusion. (France) T h e different rnethods of leak detection to be used according to the irnportance o f the leak, the degree o f v a c u u m a n d the cleanliness o f the parts, are discussed. Other topics covered include: preparation of the parts to be tested; special precautions to be taken for the detection o f leakage by porosity diffusion and o f delayed leaks; and the advantages of v a c u u m baking after degreasing a n d before testing. P Noe et al, Le Vide, 122, 1966, 162-166 (in French). 47 257. A residual gas analyzer with experimental results applied to spatial simulation. (France) A residual gas analyzer is described, with e m p h a s i s on the use of a m a s s spectrometer with 60 ° angle, use of an electron multiplier