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260 Identity and life-role changes in Australian junior tennis players
257
Resting energy expenditure and body composition in male athletes with spinal cord injury and cerebral palsy: a pilot study N. Stuart1*, F. Pelly1, M. Holmes1 & L. Broad2 University of The Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia 2 Queensland Academy of Sport, Brisbane, Australia
1
It has been estimated that about 2.5 million athletes with disabilities now participate in different sports each year world-wide. Despite this increased sporting participation, research into the nutritional requirements of athletes with disabilities is almost non-existent. Before suitable nutritional guidelines can be established for different groups of athletes with disabilities, research must be undertaken into their resting energy expenditure (REE) and body composition. The primary aim of this study, therefore, is to undertake a pilot study to determine whether there are differences in the REE and body composition of athletes with a spinal cord injury (SCI; n = 8) as compared to age/BMI matched able-bodied male athlete controls (n = 8). REE will be measured using a ParvoMedics TrueOne 2400 metabolic cart under standard controlled conditions. Lean tissue and fat mass of the subjects will be measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and weight, height, BMI and skinfolds will be assessed by an accredited anthropometrist. The results obtained from this pilot study will establish whether there are differences in REE and body composition between athletes with disabilities and able bodied athletes so that appropriate sports nutrition guidelines can be developed for this population.
Recovery from ACL surgery: pain, catatrophising, fear, avoidance, depression, and attachment style
258
J. Baranoff1* 1 University Of Queensland
Approximately half of the athletes who have had ACL reconstruction do not return to their pre-injury level of participation in sport (Feller & Webster, 2003). This occurs even though in a high percentage of cases there is full recovery of functional capacity. A relatively small amount of literature exists concerning the role of the fear avoidance construct in sport. This is in contrast to the chronic pan literature where there is a large volume of literature outlining the role of fear avoidance in pain related fear (eg. Vlaeyen et al., 1995). Pain, which may be caused by injury or strain, is interpreted as threatening which leads to catastrophising and may in turn lead to a fear of particular movements. This leads to avoidance which in turn is followed by disability and depression. In the sport context this same mechanism may be a factor for some individuals when returning to their sport following ACL surgery. Avoidance mechanisms and hyper-vigilance may be mediating factors, whereby an individual selectively attends to pain which in turn heightens fear of re-injury. The confounding factor is that pain in this context (sub-acute injury) may indeed signal potential harm as opposed to simply hurting. This poster will contain an expanded theoretical model of sports injury which integrates attachment style, pain and general coping, pain experience, pain catastrophising, depression, anxiety, and stress.
259
A pilot study on the effect on emotion in obese people when going for a normal paced walk, in comparison to a brisk paced walk W. Gilleard1, R. Coutts1*, T. Woods1 1 Southern Cross University
It is well known that physical activity is beneficial and a “brisk” walk is recommended, however participation rates are low and the reasons are unclear. Six obese (BMI 35.63 ± 5.46 kg.m-2) and four normal weight (BMI 23.93 ± 1.82 kg.m-2) adult participants fitted with an Intelligent Device for Energy Expenditure and Activity walked 500m around an outdoor sports oval twice; once at a self selected normal pace and then again at a self selected fast pace (“brisk”) with a 10 minute rest period between (order randomly allocated). A Subjective Exercise Experience Scale was given to prior to commencing walking, and after the normal and fast pace walk. Mann-Whitney U tests showed while there were no significant differences (p>0.05) seen prior to walking, nor after the normal pace walk, there were significant differences between the groups after the fast walk in the global emotion measures of Positive Well Being (PWB) (p = 0.038), and Fatigue (p=0.010). Walking velocity was significantly lower for the obese group at both normal (p=0.011) and fast paces (p=0.019). The decrease in PWB and increase in Fatigue observed during walking at the higher velocity (despite the obese individuals walking slower than normal weight individuals) suggests further investigation into the nature of advice given to obese individuals when commencing walking exercise. As walking demands a greater metabolic rate for obese people (Browning & Kram; Obesity Research 13, 891-899, 2005), it is possible that walking at the lower velocity “normal” pace may be appropriate advice for obese people.
Identity and life-role changes in Australian junior tennis players
260
E. Grylls1* & M. Spittle1 University Of Ballarat
1
Identities generally develop during adolescence; an athletic identity is no different. Athletic identity involves identifying with the athlete role. Due to the professional nature and emphasis of sport, combined with the belief that competitive success requires an athlete to narrow their focus on sport, many athletes develop strong, exclusive, athletic identities. Likewise, some athletes are so invested in achieving excellence in sport that they neglect other important areas. The aim of this study was to examine changes in athletic identity, tennis identity, and life roles in Australian junior tennis players over 12 months. Participants were 20 junior tennis players (7 male and 13 female, mean age of 13.70 years), with an average Australian Junior Ranking (AJR) of 356 (ranging from five to 973). Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS), a modified tennis version, and the Life-Roles Inventory initially and twelve months later. While athletic identity and tennis identity decreased over 12 months, paired samples t-tests indicated no significant difference between either identity at time 1 and time 2. Individual athletes, however, experienced changes in the strength of their identities. For example, Anna (a pseudonym) who spent more time training and competing at time 2, and whose AJR improved, experienced a decrease in tennis and athletic identity. Changes in professional expectations and life roles may have influenced these changes, with sport importance decreasing and other life-roles becoming more important. A number of factors appeared to influence athletic identity and tennis identity in junior tennis players.
88
Resting energy expenditure and body composition in male athletes with spinal cord injury and cerebral palsy: a pilot study N. Stuart1*, F. Pelly1, M. Holmes1 & L. Broad2 University of The Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia 2 Queensland Academy of Sport, Brisbane, Australia
1
It has been estimated that about 2.5 million athletes with disabilities now participate in different sports each year world-wide. Despite this increased sporting participation, research into the nutritional requirements of athletes with disabilities is almost non-existent. Before suitable nutritional guidelines can be established for different groups of athletes with disabilities, research must be undertaken into their resting energy expenditure (REE) and body composition. The primary aim of this study, therefore, is to undertake a pilot study to determine whether there are differences in the REE and body composition of athletes with a spinal cord injury (SCI; n = 8) as compared to age/BMI matched able-bodied male athlete controls (n = 8). REE will be measured using a ParvoMedics TrueOne 2400 metabolic cart under standard controlled conditions. Lean tissue and fat mass of the subjects will be measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and weight, height, BMI and skinfolds will be assessed by an accredited anthropometrist. The results obtained from this pilot study will establish whether there are differences in REE and body composition between athletes with disabilities and able bodied athletes so that appropriate sports nutrition guidelines can be developed for this population.
Recovery from ACL surgery: pain, catatrophising, fear, avoidance, depression, and attachment style
258
J. Baranoff1* 1 University Of Queensland
Approximately half of the athletes who have had ACL reconstruction do not return to their pre-injury level of participation in sport (Feller & Webster, 2003). This occurs even though in a high percentage of cases there is full recovery of functional capacity. A relatively small amount of literature exists concerning the role of the fear avoidance construct in sport. This is in contrast to the chronic pan literature where there is a large volume of literature outlining the role of fear avoidance in pain related fear (eg. Vlaeyen et al., 1995). Pain, which may be caused by injury or strain, is interpreted as threatening which leads to catastrophising and may in turn lead to a fear of particular movements. This leads to avoidance which in turn is followed by disability and depression. In the sport context this same mechanism may be a factor for some individuals when returning to their sport following ACL surgery. Avoidance mechanisms and hyper-vigilance may be mediating factors, whereby an individual selectively attends to pain which in turn heightens fear of re-injury. The confounding factor is that pain in this context (sub-acute injury) may indeed signal potential harm as opposed to simply hurting. This poster will contain an expanded theoretical model of sports injury which integrates attachment style, pain and general coping, pain experience, pain catastrophising, depression, anxiety, and stress.
259
A pilot study on the effect on emotion in obese people when going for a normal paced walk, in comparison to a brisk paced walk W. Gilleard1, R. Coutts1*, T. Woods1 1 Southern Cross University
It is well known that physical activity is beneficial and a “brisk” walk is recommended, however participation rates are low and the reasons are unclear. Six obese (BMI 35.63 ± 5.46 kg.m-2) and four normal weight (BMI 23.93 ± 1.82 kg.m-2) adult participants fitted with an Intelligent Device for Energy Expenditure and Activity walked 500m around an outdoor sports oval twice; once at a self selected normal pace and then again at a self selected fast pace (“brisk”) with a 10 minute rest period between (order randomly allocated). A Subjective Exercise Experience Scale was given to prior to commencing walking, and after the normal and fast pace walk. Mann-Whitney U tests showed while there were no significant differences (p>0.05) seen prior to walking, nor after the normal pace walk, there were significant differences between the groups after the fast walk in the global emotion measures of Positive Well Being (PWB) (p = 0.038), and Fatigue (p=0.010). Walking velocity was significantly lower for the obese group at both normal (p=0.011) and fast paces (p=0.019). The decrease in PWB and increase in Fatigue observed during walking at the higher velocity (despite the obese individuals walking slower than normal weight individuals) suggests further investigation into the nature of advice given to obese individuals when commencing walking exercise. As walking demands a greater metabolic rate for obese people (Browning & Kram; Obesity Research 13, 891-899, 2005), it is possible that walking at the lower velocity “normal” pace may be appropriate advice for obese people.
Identity and life-role changes in Australian junior tennis players
260
E. Grylls1* & M. Spittle1 University Of Ballarat
1
Identities generally develop during adolescence; an athletic identity is no different. Athletic identity involves identifying with the athlete role. Due to the professional nature and emphasis of sport, combined with the belief that competitive success requires an athlete to narrow their focus on sport, many athletes develop strong, exclusive, athletic identities. Likewise, some athletes are so invested in achieving excellence in sport that they neglect other important areas. The aim of this study was to examine changes in athletic identity, tennis identity, and life roles in Australian junior tennis players over 12 months. Participants were 20 junior tennis players (7 male and 13 female, mean age of 13.70 years), with an average Australian Junior Ranking (AJR) of 356 (ranging from five to 973). Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS), a modified tennis version, and the Life-Roles Inventory initially and twelve months later. While athletic identity and tennis identity decreased over 12 months, paired samples t-tests indicated no significant difference between either identity at time 1 and time 2. Individual athletes, however, experienced changes in the strength of their identities. For example, Anna (a pseudonym) who spent more time training and competing at time 2, and whose AJR improved, experienced a decrease in tennis and athletic identity. Changes in professional expectations and life roles may have influenced these changes, with sport importance decreasing and other life-roles becoming more important. A number of factors appeared to influence athletic identity and tennis identity in junior tennis players.
88