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263 Narrow band EEG spectral measurements during emotional tasks
Abstracts
/International
Journal
Mental Health Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Kashirskoe Shosse, 31, Moscow 115522, Russia The aim of the study was to find the differences between active recognition and passive watching of facial emotional expressions. Twenty-two right-handed subjects (Ss) were asked (1) to identify the sad, neutral or laughing faces presented in randomized order on computer monitor on 80 ms or (2) to watch the same stimuli without identification. The visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were registered from F3/4 C3/4, P3/4 and 01/2 leads. It was found that active recognition differed from passive procedure by significantly higher amplitude of N90, P150, N180, and, especially, N3.50 waves of VEPs of frontal and central cortical regions (0.05 > p > 0.0005). Under active recognition task 30% of Ss demonstrated complex structure of N180 that was divided into two subwaves. A principal components analysis with Varimax rotation performed on VEPs on frontal and central regions revealed factors coincided with N90, P150, P250 waves and “activation” factor with maximum on 450 ms, enveloping 47% of dispersion. Besides, two factors coincided with ascending and descending parts of N180 were revealed. Repeated measures analyses of variance performed on factor scores revealed a significant effect of procedure for two factors: the first one coincided with descending part of N180 (p < 0.0021, and the second one - the “activation” factor (p < 0.01). The results underline the role of high activity level for performing of identification task and suggest the functionally heterogeneous character of N180 wave. The finding supports the idea (Ritter et al., 1983) on N180 as a reflection of the sequential stages of visual processing associated with stimulus recognition and classification. The study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant #97-0449026) and the Russian Foundation for Humanitarian Research (Grant #97-06-08186).
262 HEMISPHERIC ASYMMETRY EVOKED POTENTIALS TO EMOTIONAL VISUAL HEMIFIELD PARADIGM
OF VISUAL FACES IN A
D.V. Davidow and E.S. Mikhailova Mental Health Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Kashirskoe Shosse, 31, Moscow 115522, Russia 10 healthy right-handed subjects (5 males and 5 female, 21.5 + 2.6 yeas old) were instructed to recognize the emotional expression of photographs of laughing and sad faces from “Pictures of affects” (Ekman and Friesen, 1976) presented for 100 ms on computer screen randomly to the right of to left visual hemiflelds (RHF and LHF). The visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were registered from the parietal, occipital and posterior temporal cortical regions of both hemispheres. Analysis of emotion-recognition reaction time revealed significantly shorter time under LHF-presentation both for positive and for negative emotional expressions (p < 0.01). The hemi-
of Psychophysiology
30 (1998)
103
95-271
field of stimulus presentation significantly influenced on latenties of NlOO, P180 and N250 waves of VEPs in posterior temporal zones. The shorter latencies were found contralaterally to hemifield of presentation (0.05 > p > 0.0011. In posterior temporal regions latencies of VEPs were different for happy and sad faces with the shorter ones for sad faces (0.05 > p > 0.01). The interhemispheric differences in latenties of VEPs were more significant under LHF compared to RHF presentation. In control experiments with recognition of multiangular figures the hemifield of presentation revealed the same effects on VEP latencies, however it was more generalized and was found for VEPs in occipital, parietal and temporal regions. The findings support theories of an asymmetry in emotional processing with principle role of the right hemisphere and high specialization of posterior temporal cortical regions in facial emotion identification. The study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant #9704-49026) and the Russian Foundation for Humanitarian Research (Grant #97-06-08186).
263 NARROW BAND EEG MENTS DURING EMOTIONAL
SPECTRAL TASKS
MEASURE-
Erzsebet Marosi, Oscar Basan, Hector Rodriguez, Thalia Femandez, Juan Silva, Mario Rodriguez, Jorge Bernal, Guillermina Yaiiez, Alfonso Reyes and Vicente Guerrero Laboratory of Neurosciences, National University of Mexico, ENEP Iztacala, Apartado Postal 82, Atizapan De Zaragoza, Estado de Mexico C.P. 52971, Mexico Previous broad band analysis in our laboratory demonstrated that broad band measurements dilute the effect of emotion on the EEG. A paper of Iljuchenok (1996) described narrow band changes in EEG dependent on emotional content of stimuli. The author found an increase in the range of 7-7.5 Hz with positive words and within 7.5-8 Hz with negative words. The objective of this study was to find frequency ranges where emotion is manifested in the brain. The subjects were 40 male university students between 20 and 25 years old. The emotions were provoked by sentences presented on the monitor of a computer with positive, negative emotional content and neutral sentences without emotion. Recordings were made in 20 derivations of lo-20 International System. The subjects read the sentences, imagined the situation and induced the emotion involved in the phrase. When they felt the emotion to emerge, they pushed the space bar for the recording. Autonomous nervous reponses (heart rate, galvanic skin responses and respiration) were monitored in order to be sure that the task was fulfilled. After visual cleaning of all segments power spectra analysis was performed for every 1 Hz band from 1.5 to 20.5 Hz. Repeated ANOVAs were calculated comparing neutral situation with frustration and joy of love and the two emotional situations. Significant differences determined by emotional behaviour were obtained in the range of 6.5-8.5 and 17.5 19.5 having
104
Abstracts
/International
Journal
neutral situation higher level of activity than frustration and frustration higher level than joy of love. These significant results could be observed nearly in all derivations (18 out of 20). These results are in accordance with previous narrow band studies. The electrophysiology of the emotions is a scarcely studied topic, more studies are needed to shed light upon the cerebral mechanism involved in the emotional behaviour.
264 EEG ASYMMETRY TIVE EMOTIONS
WITH POSITIVE
AND NEGA-
M.N. Rusalova and M.B. Kostyunina Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, RAS, Moscow, Russia EEG from 14 derivations of the left and right hemispheres of the brain were recorded in 14 subjects (actors of 20-25 years of age) during mental representation of situations in which the subjects experienced emotions of joy, fear, anger, and grief. Data obtained permitted us to ascertain that emotions of different quality are reflected in different EEG amplitude characteristics. These differences are not related only with the sign of emotions (positive- joy and negative- anger, fear, and grief). A difference was also found among the emotions of the same sign, namely, negative. We th’nk that this is conditionned by a general activational factBr for all emotions. It is well known that among negative emotions the emotion of aggression (anger) is most sthenic, while the emotion of grief (sadness, depression) is most asthenic. It was found that an increase in slow wave (delta and theta) activity corresponded to a decrease in the rank order’of emotions by the scale of sthenicity. An increase in EEG slow waves under negative emotions begins from the left hemisphere: in temporal regions (with anger), spreads to other areas of the left hemisphere (with fear) and covers all the cortex of the brain (with grief). Thus, the left hemisphere is most vulnarable with negative emotions: a decrease in the functional state of the cortex of the brain starts precisely from this part of the brain. The findings also showed that the positive emotions are characterized by a decrease of the amplitude of slow wave activity and by an increase of fast wave activity of both hemispheres of the brain. A conclusion was made that the sthenic emotions (anger and joy) are characterized by an increase of fast frequency EEG activity, while asthenic emotions are characterized by slow frquency EEG activity.
265 BRAIN FUNCTIONAL ASYMMETRY AND PECULIARITIES OF EMOTIONAL BACKGROUND IN YOUNG SUBJECTS WITH REDUCED TOLERANCE TO TRANSITORY HYPOXIA V.A. Ilyukhina*, M.A. Fyodorova, Yu. K. Matveev
of Psychophysiology
30 (1998)
9.5-271
Institute of the Human Brain, 9, Acad. Pavlov, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia The research of the role of the brain functional asymmetry (BFA) in cognitive and motor functions is one of the important subjects of the modem psycho- and neurophysiology. New method of functional mapping of the cortical projecting zones (CPZ) based on the measurement of the steady potential millivolt range (DCpotential) from the surface of the head was developed. This method allows to determine the levei of BFA basing on the sign and gradient value of asymmetry of the DC-potential (GVA) as LR in brain zones. BFA research was performed in the frontal (F), temporal CT), parietal (P) and projection of the visceral somatic sensory zone (VSS) in 32 young persons (17-22 years) with low and moderately reduced tolerance to transitory hypoxia (the duration of the Shtange test 30- 45 sec).l7 of them had complaints to chronic fatigue and symptoms of autonomic vascular insufficiency (I group). In 15 person asthenic autonomic syndrome was diagnosed, including its infection genesis - in 9 persons (11group), traumatic genesis - 6 subjects (111group). Persons of the I and 111 group demonstrated low level of personality and reactive anxiety (PA and RA) according to Spilberger test (up to 45 points), and high level - in subjects of the 11 group (54,5(2,5 points). The persons of the I group were characterised by regular mood, expressed interest to the environment (l&8(1,2 points of Isard scale). Positive emotional background was predominant in 11 of them (la group, l&1(0,4 points), in 6 subjects (Ib group) - negative emotional background (10,6(0,8 poinls). The prevalence of the increased activation of the right hemisphere was revealed in the la group manifesting in positive GVA in F (3,4(3,0 mV), T (5,7(2,3 mV), P (3,4(1,7 mV) and VSS (0,7(1,6 mV). Increased activation of the left hemisphere predominance (in comparison to la group) was found out in subjects of the Ib group. BFA negative level determined as the difference of mean GAS values in each of the studied zones was -9,8 mV (F), - 10,2 mV (T), - $3 mV (P) and - 5,6 mV (VSS) correspondingly. High GAS negativation level in F and T zones of the left hemisphere (correspondingly - 8,8 mV and -88 mV) correlated with the high PA level and reduction of the interest to the environment (5, NO,9 points) was determined in the subjects of the 11 group. Thus, basing on GAS data statistically significant BFA difference (P < 0,Ol) was revealed in the projections of the limbic system (F, T) in subjects with different PA level and emotional background.
266 LOOKING AT PICTURES: RORED BY FACIAL EMG
DISGUST
IS MIR-
R. Stark*, A. Schienle and D. Vaitl University of Giessen, Department of Clinical and Physiological Psychology, Otto-Behaghel-Str. 10, 35394 Giessen, Germany Recent studies have suggested that anxiety disorders such as animal phobias are mediated not only by fear but also by
/International
Journal
Mental Health Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Kashirskoe Shosse, 31, Moscow 115522, Russia The aim of the study was to find the differences between active recognition and passive watching of facial emotional expressions. Twenty-two right-handed subjects (Ss) were asked (1) to identify the sad, neutral or laughing faces presented in randomized order on computer monitor on 80 ms or (2) to watch the same stimuli without identification. The visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were registered from F3/4 C3/4, P3/4 and 01/2 leads. It was found that active recognition differed from passive procedure by significantly higher amplitude of N90, P150, N180, and, especially, N3.50 waves of VEPs of frontal and central cortical regions (0.05 > p > 0.0005). Under active recognition task 30% of Ss demonstrated complex structure of N180 that was divided into two subwaves. A principal components analysis with Varimax rotation performed on VEPs on frontal and central regions revealed factors coincided with N90, P150, P250 waves and “activation” factor with maximum on 450 ms, enveloping 47% of dispersion. Besides, two factors coincided with ascending and descending parts of N180 were revealed. Repeated measures analyses of variance performed on factor scores revealed a significant effect of procedure for two factors: the first one coincided with descending part of N180 (p < 0.0021, and the second one - the “activation” factor (p < 0.01). The results underline the role of high activity level for performing of identification task and suggest the functionally heterogeneous character of N180 wave. The finding supports the idea (Ritter et al., 1983) on N180 as a reflection of the sequential stages of visual processing associated with stimulus recognition and classification. The study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant #97-0449026) and the Russian Foundation for Humanitarian Research (Grant #97-06-08186).
262 HEMISPHERIC ASYMMETRY EVOKED POTENTIALS TO EMOTIONAL VISUAL HEMIFIELD PARADIGM
OF VISUAL FACES IN A
D.V. Davidow and E.S. Mikhailova Mental Health Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Kashirskoe Shosse, 31, Moscow 115522, Russia 10 healthy right-handed subjects (5 males and 5 female, 21.5 + 2.6 yeas old) were instructed to recognize the emotional expression of photographs of laughing and sad faces from “Pictures of affects” (Ekman and Friesen, 1976) presented for 100 ms on computer screen randomly to the right of to left visual hemiflelds (RHF and LHF). The visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were registered from the parietal, occipital and posterior temporal cortical regions of both hemispheres. Analysis of emotion-recognition reaction time revealed significantly shorter time under LHF-presentation both for positive and for negative emotional expressions (p < 0.01). The hemi-
of Psychophysiology
30 (1998)
103
95-271
field of stimulus presentation significantly influenced on latenties of NlOO, P180 and N250 waves of VEPs in posterior temporal zones. The shorter latencies were found contralaterally to hemifield of presentation (0.05 > p > 0.0011. In posterior temporal regions latencies of VEPs were different for happy and sad faces with the shorter ones for sad faces (0.05 > p > 0.01). The interhemispheric differences in latenties of VEPs were more significant under LHF compared to RHF presentation. In control experiments with recognition of multiangular figures the hemifield of presentation revealed the same effects on VEP latencies, however it was more generalized and was found for VEPs in occipital, parietal and temporal regions. The findings support theories of an asymmetry in emotional processing with principle role of the right hemisphere and high specialization of posterior temporal cortical regions in facial emotion identification. The study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant #9704-49026) and the Russian Foundation for Humanitarian Research (Grant #97-06-08186).
263 NARROW BAND EEG MENTS DURING EMOTIONAL
SPECTRAL TASKS
MEASURE-
Erzsebet Marosi, Oscar Basan, Hector Rodriguez, Thalia Femandez, Juan Silva, Mario Rodriguez, Jorge Bernal, Guillermina Yaiiez, Alfonso Reyes and Vicente Guerrero Laboratory of Neurosciences, National University of Mexico, ENEP Iztacala, Apartado Postal 82, Atizapan De Zaragoza, Estado de Mexico C.P. 52971, Mexico Previous broad band analysis in our laboratory demonstrated that broad band measurements dilute the effect of emotion on the EEG. A paper of Iljuchenok (1996) described narrow band changes in EEG dependent on emotional content of stimuli. The author found an increase in the range of 7-7.5 Hz with positive words and within 7.5-8 Hz with negative words. The objective of this study was to find frequency ranges where emotion is manifested in the brain. The subjects were 40 male university students between 20 and 25 years old. The emotions were provoked by sentences presented on the monitor of a computer with positive, negative emotional content and neutral sentences without emotion. Recordings were made in 20 derivations of lo-20 International System. The subjects read the sentences, imagined the situation and induced the emotion involved in the phrase. When they felt the emotion to emerge, they pushed the space bar for the recording. Autonomous nervous reponses (heart rate, galvanic skin responses and respiration) were monitored in order to be sure that the task was fulfilled. After visual cleaning of all segments power spectra analysis was performed for every 1 Hz band from 1.5 to 20.5 Hz. Repeated ANOVAs were calculated comparing neutral situation with frustration and joy of love and the two emotional situations. Significant differences determined by emotional behaviour were obtained in the range of 6.5-8.5 and 17.5 19.5 having
104
Abstracts
/International
Journal
neutral situation higher level of activity than frustration and frustration higher level than joy of love. These significant results could be observed nearly in all derivations (18 out of 20). These results are in accordance with previous narrow band studies. The electrophysiology of the emotions is a scarcely studied topic, more studies are needed to shed light upon the cerebral mechanism involved in the emotional behaviour.
264 EEG ASYMMETRY TIVE EMOTIONS
WITH POSITIVE
AND NEGA-
M.N. Rusalova and M.B. Kostyunina Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, RAS, Moscow, Russia EEG from 14 derivations of the left and right hemispheres of the brain were recorded in 14 subjects (actors of 20-25 years of age) during mental representation of situations in which the subjects experienced emotions of joy, fear, anger, and grief. Data obtained permitted us to ascertain that emotions of different quality are reflected in different EEG amplitude characteristics. These differences are not related only with the sign of emotions (positive- joy and negative- anger, fear, and grief). A difference was also found among the emotions of the same sign, namely, negative. We th’nk that this is conditionned by a general activational factBr for all emotions. It is well known that among negative emotions the emotion of aggression (anger) is most sthenic, while the emotion of grief (sadness, depression) is most asthenic. It was found that an increase in slow wave (delta and theta) activity corresponded to a decrease in the rank order’of emotions by the scale of sthenicity. An increase in EEG slow waves under negative emotions begins from the left hemisphere: in temporal regions (with anger), spreads to other areas of the left hemisphere (with fear) and covers all the cortex of the brain (with grief). Thus, the left hemisphere is most vulnarable with negative emotions: a decrease in the functional state of the cortex of the brain starts precisely from this part of the brain. The findings also showed that the positive emotions are characterized by a decrease of the amplitude of slow wave activity and by an increase of fast wave activity of both hemispheres of the brain. A conclusion was made that the sthenic emotions (anger and joy) are characterized by an increase of fast frequency EEG activity, while asthenic emotions are characterized by slow frquency EEG activity.
265 BRAIN FUNCTIONAL ASYMMETRY AND PECULIARITIES OF EMOTIONAL BACKGROUND IN YOUNG SUBJECTS WITH REDUCED TOLERANCE TO TRANSITORY HYPOXIA V.A. Ilyukhina*, M.A. Fyodorova, Yu. K. Matveev
of Psychophysiology
30 (1998)
9.5-271
Institute of the Human Brain, 9, Acad. Pavlov, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia The research of the role of the brain functional asymmetry (BFA) in cognitive and motor functions is one of the important subjects of the modem psycho- and neurophysiology. New method of functional mapping of the cortical projecting zones (CPZ) based on the measurement of the steady potential millivolt range (DCpotential) from the surface of the head was developed. This method allows to determine the levei of BFA basing on the sign and gradient value of asymmetry of the DC-potential (GVA) as LR in brain zones. BFA research was performed in the frontal (F), temporal CT), parietal (P) and projection of the visceral somatic sensory zone (VSS) in 32 young persons (17-22 years) with low and moderately reduced tolerance to transitory hypoxia (the duration of the Shtange test 30- 45 sec).l7 of them had complaints to chronic fatigue and symptoms of autonomic vascular insufficiency (I group). In 15 person asthenic autonomic syndrome was diagnosed, including its infection genesis - in 9 persons (11group), traumatic genesis - 6 subjects (111group). Persons of the I and 111 group demonstrated low level of personality and reactive anxiety (PA and RA) according to Spilberger test (up to 45 points), and high level - in subjects of the 11 group (54,5(2,5 points). The persons of the I group were characterised by regular mood, expressed interest to the environment (l&8(1,2 points of Isard scale). Positive emotional background was predominant in 11 of them (la group, l&1(0,4 points), in 6 subjects (Ib group) - negative emotional background (10,6(0,8 poinls). The prevalence of the increased activation of the right hemisphere was revealed in the la group manifesting in positive GVA in F (3,4(3,0 mV), T (5,7(2,3 mV), P (3,4(1,7 mV) and VSS (0,7(1,6 mV). Increased activation of the left hemisphere predominance (in comparison to la group) was found out in subjects of the Ib group. BFA negative level determined as the difference of mean GAS values in each of the studied zones was -9,8 mV (F), - 10,2 mV (T), - $3 mV (P) and - 5,6 mV (VSS) correspondingly. High GAS negativation level in F and T zones of the left hemisphere (correspondingly - 8,8 mV and -88 mV) correlated with the high PA level and reduction of the interest to the environment (5, NO,9 points) was determined in the subjects of the 11 group. Thus, basing on GAS data statistically significant BFA difference (P < 0,Ol) was revealed in the projections of the limbic system (F, T) in subjects with different PA level and emotional background.
266 LOOKING AT PICTURES: RORED BY FACIAL EMG
DISGUST
IS MIR-
R. Stark*, A. Schienle and D. Vaitl University of Giessen, Department of Clinical and Physiological Psychology, Otto-Behaghel-Str. 10, 35394 Giessen, Germany Recent studies have suggested that anxiety disorders such as animal phobias are mediated not only by fear but also by