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279. Clean up of gases in TV picture tubes by barium getters
300
Abstracts 273--280
Vacuum Apparatus and Auxiliaries 20.
Pumping[Systems 20
26
273 Semi-Automatic Control of Vacuum Pumping Systems.
20
10
11 12 21 See Abstr
No 223 20
11
32
Vacuum System for a Thirty Bllhon Electron Volt Particle Accelerator See Abstr N o 232 20
11
21
25
The Produetlon of Ultra-high Vacua by Means of a Diffusion Pump See Abstr No 233 20
16
21
The Gas Sorptmn Charaetenshes of Penning Pumps and Titanium Films
See Abstr No 241 20
19
30
56
Apparatus for the Controlled Deposition of Optical Fdm Systems See Abstr No 265 20
47
16
36
System Design and the Choice of Matermls for the ' N i m r o d ' Vacuum System See Abstr No 368 20
Design
48
37
21
Considerations for Vacuum Metallurgical Equipment
See Abstr No 370
2I.
P u m p and P u m p Fluids
21 22 274 A Partial Pressure Vacuum Gauge working according to the Principle of the Electrical Mass Filter. Karl-Georg Gunther, Vacuum, 10, 293-309, 1960 2l
41
33
275 Selective Getters
Czechoslovakia Studies of the emission stablhty of oxide cathodes with tungsten core have shown that the presence of hydrogen in the residual atmosphere zs of great slgmficance for the stability of the emission properties of the cathode A number of experiments was therefore carried out m order to ascertain the effect of hydrogen on the work function and the conductwzty of the oxide layer with mckel and tungsten support To obtain prachcal results we had to increase the partial hydrogen pressure m the bulb which was accomphshed by using a getter with selectwe effect for hydrogen The above mentioned getter was prepared and its properties m ra&o-tubes mveshgated (Authors) lng J Hejzlar and l n g V Horacek, Vacuum, 10, 231-233, 1960 21
33
276 Noise Reduction in Microwave Tubes by Getter-Ion Pumping
United Kingdom The problem of ton noise in microwave oscillators and amphfiers Is explained It is shown that residual gas pressures of approx 10 -9 T o r t m u s t be maintained m order to e h m m a t e ion noise A descrlpt~on ts given of the construction of an ion getter p u m p which is built into a backward wave oscillator and designed to operate continuously while the oscillator is in use The problems associated with maintaining low pressures in m~crowave vales are &scussed (Author) N W W Smith, Vacuum, 10, 106--109, 1960
with Discharge Tubes sensitive to Hydrocarbons
Liechtenstein
N C Balchm and B L Mordlke, Vacuum, 9, 264-268, 1959
Recent Advances in Ultra-high Vacuum Technology
21 33 277 On the Use of Metal-Off Dlffusmn Pumps when operating In the stationary state the ultzmate pressure m the recipient over a metal-oil diffusion p u m p having metal seals IS defined, as well known, by the s u m of the s a t u r a t m n vapour pressure of the oll and of the partml pressures of the thermal decomposition products (10 -8 Torr equivalent Nz p r e s s u r e 10 9 Torr true pressure) W h e n operating with tubes senslhve to hydrocarbons ~t ~s however often desirable to attain even lower pressures Th~s is possible even without the use of deep coohng or Alpert traps by operating m a n o n - s t a h o n a r y state, I e lmmedmtely after the heating up of the valves For the duration of the non-stationary state and for the magnitude of the pressure attainable m this state the adsorption characteristics of the oil molecules and the & m e n s m n s of the v a c u u m c o n d m t s are decisive By the aid of a field electron m~croscope it has been proved that it is possible even with v a c u u m systems capable of being dismantled and provided with metal-oil diffusion p u m p s to attain completely clean surfaces, which m particular are free f r o m oil molecules, and to keep t h e m so over long periods Consequences thereof for technological apphcat~on have been pointed out (Author) R A Haefer, Vacuum, 10, 118-120, 1960 21 33 278 On the Use of Getters in TV Cathode-ray Tubes France Since some years, to increase the pictures brightness, the Kinescopes have been alumlmzed But the unavoidable heavy a l u m m m m thickness in the centre of the screen is visible, as dark centre, at low ultor voltage For this reason, the m i n i m u m operating voltage is indicated on each type data It is however easy for the Kinescopes manufacturer to remain in the allowed hmits taking account that the Getter B a r y u m layer, which has a higher atomic mass, IS more opaclous t h a n the a l u m m m m film and can increase the defect occasloned by the bad uniformity of this one, affecting the colour u m f o r m l t y of the screen at low ultor voltage It appears convenient to d~rect, during the getter flash the B a r y u m molecules, in order to see they deposit out of the screen area A good solution has been found by the S A E S who supply a ring getter with very efficient deflector The rational use of this getter introduces specml cautions, otherwise the new getter type will be worse t h a n the old one During thin c o m m u m c a t l o n , some test results will be given illustrating perfectly this theory (Author) Ehe Blolley, Vacuum, 10, 151-152, 1960
21
33
279 Clean Up of Gases in TV Picture Tubes by Barium Getters
Japan In this brief c o m m u n i c a h o n the authors present the comparatwe results obtained in television tubes where getters of Japanese and Italian production have been used The measurements are carried out using the electron gun of the tube as an iomzatlon gauge and applying the well k n o w n " gas ratio " technique normally used for pressure m e a s u r e m e n t s in picture tubes The various types of gases employed are introduced into the tube by breaking an ampoule containing a k n o w n quantity of the gas in question, which has been placed within the tube prior to its sealing D a t a are given about the Influence of the various gases employed on the emission f r o m the cathode, as well as on the behavlour of the b a r m m film after sorptlon of the different gases (Authors) HISaO T a k a y a m a and Hldekl Bobayashi, Vacuum, 10, 153-155, 1960 21
33
16
280 Some Barmm Getter Problems on the Vaccum Tubes
Japan
The writers have carried out experiments on the action
Abstracts 273--280
Vacuum Apparatus and Auxiliaries 20.
Pumping[Systems 20
26
273 Semi-Automatic Control of Vacuum Pumping Systems.
20
10
11 12 21 See Abstr
No 223 20
11
32
Vacuum System for a Thirty Bllhon Electron Volt Particle Accelerator See Abstr N o 232 20
11
21
25
The Produetlon of Ultra-high Vacua by Means of a Diffusion Pump See Abstr No 233 20
16
21
The Gas Sorptmn Charaetenshes of Penning Pumps and Titanium Films
See Abstr No 241 20
19
30
56
Apparatus for the Controlled Deposition of Optical Fdm Systems See Abstr No 265 20
47
16
36
System Design and the Choice of Matermls for the ' N i m r o d ' Vacuum System See Abstr No 368 20
Design
48
37
21
Considerations for Vacuum Metallurgical Equipment
See Abstr No 370
2I.
P u m p and P u m p Fluids
21 22 274 A Partial Pressure Vacuum Gauge working according to the Principle of the Electrical Mass Filter. Karl-Georg Gunther, Vacuum, 10, 293-309, 1960 2l
41
33
275 Selective Getters
Czechoslovakia Studies of the emission stablhty of oxide cathodes with tungsten core have shown that the presence of hydrogen in the residual atmosphere zs of great slgmficance for the stability of the emission properties of the cathode A number of experiments was therefore carried out m order to ascertain the effect of hydrogen on the work function and the conductwzty of the oxide layer with mckel and tungsten support To obtain prachcal results we had to increase the partial hydrogen pressure m the bulb which was accomphshed by using a getter with selectwe effect for hydrogen The above mentioned getter was prepared and its properties m ra&o-tubes mveshgated (Authors) lng J Hejzlar and l n g V Horacek, Vacuum, 10, 231-233, 1960 21
33
276 Noise Reduction in Microwave Tubes by Getter-Ion Pumping
United Kingdom The problem of ton noise in microwave oscillators and amphfiers Is explained It is shown that residual gas pressures of approx 10 -9 T o r t m u s t be maintained m order to e h m m a t e ion noise A descrlpt~on ts given of the construction of an ion getter p u m p which is built into a backward wave oscillator and designed to operate continuously while the oscillator is in use The problems associated with maintaining low pressures in m~crowave vales are &scussed (Author) N W W Smith, Vacuum, 10, 106--109, 1960
with Discharge Tubes sensitive to Hydrocarbons
Liechtenstein
N C Balchm and B L Mordlke, Vacuum, 9, 264-268, 1959
Recent Advances in Ultra-high Vacuum Technology
21 33 277 On the Use of Metal-Off Dlffusmn Pumps when operating In the stationary state the ultzmate pressure m the recipient over a metal-oil diffusion p u m p having metal seals IS defined, as well known, by the s u m of the s a t u r a t m n vapour pressure of the oll and of the partml pressures of the thermal decomposition products (10 -8 Torr equivalent Nz p r e s s u r e 10 9 Torr true pressure) W h e n operating with tubes senslhve to hydrocarbons ~t ~s however often desirable to attain even lower pressures Th~s is possible even without the use of deep coohng or Alpert traps by operating m a n o n - s t a h o n a r y state, I e lmmedmtely after the heating up of the valves For the duration of the non-stationary state and for the magnitude of the pressure attainable m this state the adsorption characteristics of the oil molecules and the & m e n s m n s of the v a c u u m c o n d m t s are decisive By the aid of a field electron m~croscope it has been proved that it is possible even with v a c u u m systems capable of being dismantled and provided with metal-oil diffusion p u m p s to attain completely clean surfaces, which m particular are free f r o m oil molecules, and to keep t h e m so over long periods Consequences thereof for technological apphcat~on have been pointed out (Author) R A Haefer, Vacuum, 10, 118-120, 1960 21 33 278 On the Use of Getters in TV Cathode-ray Tubes France Since some years, to increase the pictures brightness, the Kinescopes have been alumlmzed But the unavoidable heavy a l u m m m m thickness in the centre of the screen is visible, as dark centre, at low ultor voltage For this reason, the m i n i m u m operating voltage is indicated on each type data It is however easy for the Kinescopes manufacturer to remain in the allowed hmits taking account that the Getter B a r y u m layer, which has a higher atomic mass, IS more opaclous t h a n the a l u m m m m film and can increase the defect occasloned by the bad uniformity of this one, affecting the colour u m f o r m l t y of the screen at low ultor voltage It appears convenient to d~rect, during the getter flash the B a r y u m molecules, in order to see they deposit out of the screen area A good solution has been found by the S A E S who supply a ring getter with very efficient deflector The rational use of this getter introduces specml cautions, otherwise the new getter type will be worse t h a n the old one During thin c o m m u m c a t l o n , some test results will be given illustrating perfectly this theory (Author) Ehe Blolley, Vacuum, 10, 151-152, 1960
21
33
279 Clean Up of Gases in TV Picture Tubes by Barium Getters
Japan In this brief c o m m u n i c a h o n the authors present the comparatwe results obtained in television tubes where getters of Japanese and Italian production have been used The measurements are carried out using the electron gun of the tube as an iomzatlon gauge and applying the well k n o w n " gas ratio " technique normally used for pressure m e a s u r e m e n t s in picture tubes The various types of gases employed are introduced into the tube by breaking an ampoule containing a k n o w n quantity of the gas in question, which has been placed within the tube prior to its sealing D a t a are given about the Influence of the various gases employed on the emission f r o m the cathode, as well as on the behavlour of the b a r m m film after sorptlon of the different gases (Authors) HISaO T a k a y a m a and Hldekl Bobayashi, Vacuum, 10, 153-155, 1960 21
33
16
280 Some Barmm Getter Problems on the Vaccum Tubes
Japan
The writers have carried out experiments on the action