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301. General purpose vacuum furnace
248
Abstracts 300- 316
36.
Drying, Degassing and Concentration
37 36
300. Large Scale Laboratory Freeze-drying Apparatus. Great Britain. An apparatus is described which will freeze-dry a total of 6 1. of solution distribution in 20 flasks each a minimum of attention and at a low operating cost. uses a two-stage gas-ballasted pump, a Pirani gauge netic valves.
24 hr, with The plant with magM.D.A.
P. M. Grant and R. B. Ward, J. Sci. Instrum. 36, 133-134, Mar. 1959.
308. Vacuum Furnace for Continuous Strip. This article describes an experimental vacuum furnace for heat treating strip or wire continuously. Operating conditions and metals which have been treated are discussed. Comparative costs are given for bright-annealing with gas-fired muffle furnaces and electrically heated strip vacuum furnaces. A proposed design of vertical furnace is discussed briefly. A. ~. Anon, Metal Progress 76, 111-113, July 1959. 37
309. Vacuum Furnace Features Quick Changeover. 37.
Metallurgy,
Inorganic Chemistry Chemistry
and
Analytical 37 : 53
301. General Purpose Vacuum Furnace. Description of a small furnace which can be used for a wide range of vacuum heating processes, including sintering and outgassing. J.N.
Engineer 207, 5390, 779, May 1959. 37 : 53
302. Vacuum Arc Furnace for Laboratory Operation. Description of a commercial versatile vacuum arc furnace which may be used for button, consumable electrode cold mould, and non-consumable electrode cold mould melting. J.N. Engineer 207, 5371, 39, Jan. 1959.
This note discusses a rapid method of replacing consumable electrodes in a vacuum furnace. The pumping system has a speed of 4500 cu. ft/min and a blank-off pressure of 5 tz Hg. The furnace can be used to cast ingots of 20 in. dia. and 8500 lbs in weight with an annual capacity of 3000 tons. A.G. Anon, Metal Progress 75, 118-119, June 1959. 37
310. Hydrogen in Heavy Forgings. This article discusses problems in reducing hydrogen in heavy forgings. It is shown that lengthy heat treatments are not reliable. Some reduction in H2 content is possible through careful melting but the best results are achieved by vacuum casting techniques. The unit which was used could vacuum cast ingots up to 110 in. din. Ingots were obtained with a H~ content of about 1 ppm. A.G. J. E. Steiner, Metal Progress 76, 72-75, July 1959. 37
37
303. Vacuum Levitation Melting. United States. Letter by R. T. Begley, G. Cornenetz, P. A. Flinn and J. W. Salatka, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 30, 38, Jan. 1959. 37
311. Welding with an Electron Beam. Briefly describes an electron beam welding piece of equipment. Includes principle of operation and advantages over other methods. A.G. Anon, Metal Progress 75, 119-120, June 1959.
304. Vacuum Melting Stainless Steels and Superalloys. Digest of " Quality Improvements in Stainless Steels and Superalloys by Vacuum Melting," by W. W. Dyracz, Metal Progress 75, 138-144, May 1959. 37 : 53
305. Vacuum-melting of Metals. The arc-melting and induction-melting furnaces in operation at the Sheffield works of Jessop-Saville Ltd., constitute the largest plant outside America for melting in vacuo. The former is of the consumable electrode type and has a capacity for producing ingots of 2½ tons weight, q~he electrode is fed from underneath by two motors coupled to the ram through a differential gearbox, thus eliminating the disadvantage of inertia associated with a reversing motor. The pressure can be held below 1 /z by two pumps having capacities of 4000 I/sec. Ti ingots produced range from 9 in din., 120 Ib to 420 lb, to 24 in dia, exceeding 2½ tons in weight. Similar Zr and steel ingots can be produced. The 600 lb high-frequency induction furnace is designed for the semi-continuous vacuum-melting of steel and other alloys, thus enabling the oxygen content to be reduced to below five parts per million. J.N.
37
312. Pattern for Better Alloys. Briefly describes a consumable electrode vacuum operating at lower pressures than usual, Anon, Metal Progress 75, 123, June 1959.
furnace n. 6.
37 : 53
313. Spectrographic Analysis of Oxygen in Titanium. Description of a method using normal spectrographic equipment and a special arc chamber with appropriate gas-vacuum apparatus. J.N. Engineer 206, 5366, 845, Nov. 1958. 37 : 53
314. Beryllium--Present and Potential Uses. The properties, production methods and fabrication techniques are briefly described. J.N. Engineer 206, 5362, 688, Oct. 1958. 37 315. The Effect of Oxygen, Hydrogen and Water Vapour on the
Electrical Conductivity of Barium Oxide and Barium-strontium Dioxide.
Engineer 207, 5386, 607, April 1959. 37 : 53
306. Vacuum Furnaces. Description of a vacuum furnace for heat treatment processes. Engineer 206, 5369, 980, Dec. 1958. 37 : 53
307. Vacuum Flow Steel Degassing. Short description o f a method of removing gas from steel contained in ladles. Engineer 206, 5366, 845, Nov. 1958.
The conductivity of sintered test bodies is measured at different temperatures (above and below 1000°K) and different gas pressures in the range 10 -5 and 500 Torr. J. Rudolph, Z. f. Naturforsch. 13a, 757-767, 1958. 37
316. Pr6paration du fluorure de Zirconium anhydre pur. Preparation of Pure Anhydrous Zirconium Fluoride. C. Decroly, D. Tytgat, J. Gerard, Rapport B 6 du Centre d'Etudes pour les applications de l'Energie Nucl6aire, BruxeUes, Aug. 1956.
Abstracts 300- 316
36.
Drying, Degassing and Concentration
37 36
300. Large Scale Laboratory Freeze-drying Apparatus. Great Britain. An apparatus is described which will freeze-dry a total of 6 1. of solution distribution in 20 flasks each a minimum of attention and at a low operating cost. uses a two-stage gas-ballasted pump, a Pirani gauge netic valves.
24 hr, with The plant with magM.D.A.
P. M. Grant and R. B. Ward, J. Sci. Instrum. 36, 133-134, Mar. 1959.
308. Vacuum Furnace for Continuous Strip. This article describes an experimental vacuum furnace for heat treating strip or wire continuously. Operating conditions and metals which have been treated are discussed. Comparative costs are given for bright-annealing with gas-fired muffle furnaces and electrically heated strip vacuum furnaces. A proposed design of vertical furnace is discussed briefly. A. ~. Anon, Metal Progress 76, 111-113, July 1959. 37
309. Vacuum Furnace Features Quick Changeover. 37.
Metallurgy,
Inorganic Chemistry Chemistry
and
Analytical 37 : 53
301. General Purpose Vacuum Furnace. Description of a small furnace which can be used for a wide range of vacuum heating processes, including sintering and outgassing. J.N.
Engineer 207, 5390, 779, May 1959. 37 : 53
302. Vacuum Arc Furnace for Laboratory Operation. Description of a commercial versatile vacuum arc furnace which may be used for button, consumable electrode cold mould, and non-consumable electrode cold mould melting. J.N. Engineer 207, 5371, 39, Jan. 1959.
This note discusses a rapid method of replacing consumable electrodes in a vacuum furnace. The pumping system has a speed of 4500 cu. ft/min and a blank-off pressure of 5 tz Hg. The furnace can be used to cast ingots of 20 in. dia. and 8500 lbs in weight with an annual capacity of 3000 tons. A.G. Anon, Metal Progress 75, 118-119, June 1959. 37
310. Hydrogen in Heavy Forgings. This article discusses problems in reducing hydrogen in heavy forgings. It is shown that lengthy heat treatments are not reliable. Some reduction in H2 content is possible through careful melting but the best results are achieved by vacuum casting techniques. The unit which was used could vacuum cast ingots up to 110 in. din. Ingots were obtained with a H~ content of about 1 ppm. A.G. J. E. Steiner, Metal Progress 76, 72-75, July 1959. 37
37
303. Vacuum Levitation Melting. United States. Letter by R. T. Begley, G. Cornenetz, P. A. Flinn and J. W. Salatka, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 30, 38, Jan. 1959. 37
311. Welding with an Electron Beam. Briefly describes an electron beam welding piece of equipment. Includes principle of operation and advantages over other methods. A.G. Anon, Metal Progress 75, 119-120, June 1959.
304. Vacuum Melting Stainless Steels and Superalloys. Digest of " Quality Improvements in Stainless Steels and Superalloys by Vacuum Melting," by W. W. Dyracz, Metal Progress 75, 138-144, May 1959. 37 : 53
305. Vacuum-melting of Metals. The arc-melting and induction-melting furnaces in operation at the Sheffield works of Jessop-Saville Ltd., constitute the largest plant outside America for melting in vacuo. The former is of the consumable electrode type and has a capacity for producing ingots of 2½ tons weight, q~he electrode is fed from underneath by two motors coupled to the ram through a differential gearbox, thus eliminating the disadvantage of inertia associated with a reversing motor. The pressure can be held below 1 /z by two pumps having capacities of 4000 I/sec. Ti ingots produced range from 9 in din., 120 Ib to 420 lb, to 24 in dia, exceeding 2½ tons in weight. Similar Zr and steel ingots can be produced. The 600 lb high-frequency induction furnace is designed for the semi-continuous vacuum-melting of steel and other alloys, thus enabling the oxygen content to be reduced to below five parts per million. J.N.
37
312. Pattern for Better Alloys. Briefly describes a consumable electrode vacuum operating at lower pressures than usual, Anon, Metal Progress 75, 123, June 1959.
furnace n. 6.
37 : 53
313. Spectrographic Analysis of Oxygen in Titanium. Description of a method using normal spectrographic equipment and a special arc chamber with appropriate gas-vacuum apparatus. J.N. Engineer 206, 5366, 845, Nov. 1958. 37 : 53
314. Beryllium--Present and Potential Uses. The properties, production methods and fabrication techniques are briefly described. J.N. Engineer 206, 5362, 688, Oct. 1958. 37 315. The Effect of Oxygen, Hydrogen and Water Vapour on the
Electrical Conductivity of Barium Oxide and Barium-strontium Dioxide.
Engineer 207, 5386, 607, April 1959. 37 : 53
306. Vacuum Furnaces. Description of a vacuum furnace for heat treatment processes. Engineer 206, 5369, 980, Dec. 1958. 37 : 53
307. Vacuum Flow Steel Degassing. Short description o f a method of removing gas from steel contained in ladles. Engineer 206, 5366, 845, Nov. 1958.
The conductivity of sintered test bodies is measured at different temperatures (above and below 1000°K) and different gas pressures in the range 10 -5 and 500 Torr. J. Rudolph, Z. f. Naturforsch. 13a, 757-767, 1958. 37
316. Pr6paration du fluorure de Zirconium anhydre pur. Preparation of Pure Anhydrous Zirconium Fluoride. C. Decroly, D. Tytgat, J. Gerard, Rapport B 6 du Centre d'Etudes pour les applications de l'Energie Nucl6aire, BruxeUes, Aug. 1956.