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359 RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN BLOOD PRESSURE AND LIPID MARKERS OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS
79th EAS Congress
Atherosclerosis Supplements 12, no. 1 (2011) 13–184
PVD was associated with a hazard ratio [HR] of 2.6 (95% conficence interval [CI] 1.5−4.3, p < 0.001) of new events regardless of the simultaneuos presence of CHD, and remained as a strong predictor after adjusting for age and sex (HR 2.0, 05% CI 1.1−3.5, p < 0.05) and traditional risk factors (diabetes, blood pressure, tobacco, LDL, HDL, TG, microalbuminuria; HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1−3.3, p < 0.05). New coronary events occurred in a similar proportion for all three groups (CHD 22%, PVD 22%, C&PD 31%, p = 0.4). Thus other CV events (stroke, peripheral) were more common in PVD or C&PD than in CHD. Conclusions: Patients with PVD have about a 2-fold increased risk for new ischemic events than CHD patients (similar risk for coronary events and increased risk for other CV events). CHD on top of PVD has no relevant prognostic implications. Intensive risk factor control is mandatory for PVD patients 357 VISFATIN AND HSCRP IN RELATION TO ABDOMINAL OBESITY IN MORBID OBESE SUBJECTS Z. Karbaschian1 , A. Golpaie1 , M.J. Hosseinzadeh-Attar1 , M. Hosseiny2 , M. Talebpor3 , N. Karbaschian4 . 1 Nutrition, 2 Biostatistics, 3 Surgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 4 Nutrition, Azad University, Tehran, Iran Introduction: Adipose tissue produces numerous cytokines which make interests of investigators to find the associations between these adipokines, CRP and CVD risk factors and their possible role in the pathogenesis of disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate serum levels of visfatin, a new adipokine, and hsCRP in relation to abdominal obesity in morbid obese patients. Methods: 46 subjects with morbid obesity aged 36±10.4 yr were studied. BMI, waist circumference, visfatin, hsCRP, HDL, LDL, TG and total cholesterol were measured. Pearson’s correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between variables. P values <0.05 were considered as significant. Results: Mean BMI, waist circumference and waist to hip ratio were 45.3±5.3, 126±14.8 cm, and 0.91±0.1 respectively. The levels of serum visfatin, hsCRP, LDL, HDL, TG, total cholesterol were 5.14±3.2 ng/ml, 8.9±7.4 mg/l, 105.2±29.4, 40.05±10, 182±107.4, and 184.2±37.7 mg/ml respectively. In these patients we also found a positive significant correlation between visfatin and hsCRP (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Since hsCRP, an inflammatory factor is a well-known CVD risk factor, the association between visfatin and hsCRP may suggest that visfatin plays a role in inflammatory process in obesity complications such as CVD and diabetes. 358 THE ROLE OF EXTRACELLULAR HYALURONAN IN DEVELOPMENT OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND ENGINEERED BEE HYALURONIDASE AS A POTENTIAL TOOL FOR THE TREATMENT B. Greiderer-Kleinlercher, A. Ilias, ´ S. Reitinger, G. Lepperdinger. Extracellular Matrix Research, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Innsbruck, Austria Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death in Western countries and its incidence is rapidly growing. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. The main components of atheromatous lesions in the arterial tunica intima are excess fat, collagen, elastin and hyaluronan. For the reduction of hyaluronan in early lesion development Hyaluronidase from honey bee (Apis mellifera) is a potential tool. It shares 30% of sequence identity with human hyaluronidases, which are involved in fertilization and the turnover of hyaluronan. The advantage in contrast to human hyaluronidases is that bee hyaluronidase exhibits activity at neutral pH as well. Recently, bee venom hyaluronidase has been produced in large quantity in Pichia pastoris, and its biochemical characterization has been performed. The aim of our study is to utilize engineered hyaluronidase to remove hyaluronan from the developing lesions within arteries and in this way, to prevent further progression of atherosclerosis. Wild-type bee hyaluronidase and engineered form of bee hyaluronidase, targeted to developing lesions were constructed and produced in large quantity in Pichia pastoris. To study the transport of the recombinant enzymes through activated endothelium an in vitro model was established. Our results show that the targeted version of bee hyaluronidase can bind to the activated endothelium and both enzymes can be transported through bEnd.3 cell monolayer. Our hypothesis is tested in vivo, using ApoE-deficient mice maintained on Western-type diet, administering the recombinant enzymes by tail vein injection. 359 RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN BLOOD PRESSURE AND LIPID MARKERS OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS E. Vitalyevna Pello, S.K. Malyutina, G.I. Simonova, Y.P. Nikitin. Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Internal Medicine of SB RAMS, Novosibirsk, Russia Purpose: In anticipation of the derivation of profitability concerning concept of the risk factors predisposing to the ensuing manifestation of stable and vulnerable pathophysiological features of atherosclerosis (AT), in our search
77
were assessed the ties between blood pressure (BP) and indicators of lipid homeostasis. Methods: We collected data of 324 subjects (EPOGH study). Results: Hypertension (HT) is considered as one of the most important factors contributing to the subsequent occurrence of AT. Hence, according to the preliminary represented definition, we revealed that clinic, home, 24-h, day, and night systolic/diastolic BP were brightly positively associated with TC, TG, and LDL-C, but were negatively integrated with HDL-C. Partial correlation analysis controlling for age showed straightforward associations of the overwhelming majority of BP parameters with TG and opposite direction of their correlations with HDL-C. Nevertheless, a lesser proportion of BP components was partially related to the LDL-C. The interaction of BP with TC merely disappeared. Partial correlations with joint inclusion of age and BMI were approximately identical. The inter-group comparison reaped benefits of the existing testimony of either gender or BMI significance. Actually, the current observations are congruent with the descriptions of prior epidemiological studies, demonstrate that clinic BP is more strongly integrated with lipid abnormalities than ambulatory BP, and unveil that an incremental influence of the combination of several agents from the constellation of risk factors presumably performs a preferential role in the determination of AT. Conclusions: The findings of the conducted comprehensive investigation confirm the impact of BP on the atherogenesis. 360 OSTEOCALCIN AND METABOLIC SYNDROME P. Diez Romero, M.A.A. Rodriguez, C.D. Romero, I.C. Estevanez, C.L. Paredes, F.D. Serrano, M.T. Valdeperez, J.S.F. Rubio, J.M. Nunez-Cortes. ˜ ´ Madrid, Spain Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Maran˜ on, Osteocalcin (linear peptide hormone synthesized by osteoblasts) may play a role as an endocrine signal and thus participate in the control of energy metabolism and glucose homeostasis through its effects on adipocytes and pancreatic beta cells. Therefore, other metabolic disorders associated with high cardiovascular risk may be accompanied by changes of osteocalcin plasmatic levels. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the presence of metabolic abnormalities associated with high cardiovascular risk according to the osteocalcin concentration, in order to assess whether low levels of osteocalcin may be involved or contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome. Material and Methods: We studied 29 patients who had lower serum levels of osteocalcin to 2.7 ng/dl. In this population has given the following cardiovascular risk profile: LDL, HDL, glucose, triglycerides, BMI and presence of metabolic syndrome. The data are processed with SPSS version 16.0. Statistical tests are used chi square and Mann-Whitney. Results: The metabolic syndrome was present in 55.2% of the sample. Hypertension was the most frequent component trait, present in 51.7%. The proportion of low levels of osteocalcin in patients with metabolic syndrome was 60% (p = 0.68). Conclusions: Low levels of osteocalcin are related, but not significantly, with an increased incidence of metabolic syndrome. This feature could be related as an indirect marker of cardiovascular risk. However, further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis. 361 EFFECTS OF QUINAPRIL AND TELMISARTAN ON MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-2 AND ITS TISSUE INHIBITOR IN PATIENTS WITH CAD UNDERWENT PTCA V. Naumov, A. Partigulova, Y. Kosenkov, E. Orlova, V. Kuharchuk, V. Masenko. Cardiology Research Center, Moscow, Russia Introduction: Matrix metalloproteinases are crucial players in vascular inflammation in atherosclerosis. There’s certain data that ACE inhibitors and ARBs have anti-inflammatory properties. Aim: To study the influence of 6-month therapy with quinapril or telmisartan on blood concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and its tissue inhibitor (TIMP-2) in patients underwent PTCA. Methods: 28 patients with stable angina pectoris in addition to standard therapy (atorvastatin, aspirin, clopidogrel, beta-blockers) were treated with quinapril 20 mg − group 1; 26 patients were treated with telmisartan 40 mg daily − group 2. The average level of total cholesterol was 4.5±1.2 mmol/l in group 1 and 4.4±1.1 mmol/l in group 2. The MMP-2 and TIMP-2 levels in serum were measured before PTCA, on the second day after procedure and after 6-month administration of quinapril and telmisartan. Results: The baseline levels of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were 162.3±27.2 ng/ml and 63.3±8.1 ng/ml in group 1 and 147.5±32.9 ng/ml and 63.8±9.6 ng/ml in group 2. There were no significant changes of these values on the second day after PTCA. Levels of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 increased on 15.3% (p = 0.000017) and 21.2% (p = 0.0002) after 6-month quinapril administration and on 12.2% (p = 0.002) and 26.8% (p < 0.0001) after 6-month telmisartan administration compared to baseline levels. It was no significant difference in characteristic alterations in both groups.
Atherosclerosis Supplements 12, no. 1 (2011) 13–184
PVD was associated with a hazard ratio [HR] of 2.6 (95% conficence interval [CI] 1.5−4.3, p < 0.001) of new events regardless of the simultaneuos presence of CHD, and remained as a strong predictor after adjusting for age and sex (HR 2.0, 05% CI 1.1−3.5, p < 0.05) and traditional risk factors (diabetes, blood pressure, tobacco, LDL, HDL, TG, microalbuminuria; HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1−3.3, p < 0.05). New coronary events occurred in a similar proportion for all three groups (CHD 22%, PVD 22%, C&PD 31%, p = 0.4). Thus other CV events (stroke, peripheral) were more common in PVD or C&PD than in CHD. Conclusions: Patients with PVD have about a 2-fold increased risk for new ischemic events than CHD patients (similar risk for coronary events and increased risk for other CV events). CHD on top of PVD has no relevant prognostic implications. Intensive risk factor control is mandatory for PVD patients 357 VISFATIN AND HSCRP IN RELATION TO ABDOMINAL OBESITY IN MORBID OBESE SUBJECTS Z. Karbaschian1 , A. Golpaie1 , M.J. Hosseinzadeh-Attar1 , M. Hosseiny2 , M. Talebpor3 , N. Karbaschian4 . 1 Nutrition, 2 Biostatistics, 3 Surgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 4 Nutrition, Azad University, Tehran, Iran Introduction: Adipose tissue produces numerous cytokines which make interests of investigators to find the associations between these adipokines, CRP and CVD risk factors and their possible role in the pathogenesis of disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate serum levels of visfatin, a new adipokine, and hsCRP in relation to abdominal obesity in morbid obese patients. Methods: 46 subjects with morbid obesity aged 36±10.4 yr were studied. BMI, waist circumference, visfatin, hsCRP, HDL, LDL, TG and total cholesterol were measured. Pearson’s correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between variables. P values <0.05 were considered as significant. Results: Mean BMI, waist circumference and waist to hip ratio were 45.3±5.3, 126±14.8 cm, and 0.91±0.1 respectively. The levels of serum visfatin, hsCRP, LDL, HDL, TG, total cholesterol were 5.14±3.2 ng/ml, 8.9±7.4 mg/l, 105.2±29.4, 40.05±10, 182±107.4, and 184.2±37.7 mg/ml respectively. In these patients we also found a positive significant correlation between visfatin and hsCRP (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Since hsCRP, an inflammatory factor is a well-known CVD risk factor, the association between visfatin and hsCRP may suggest that visfatin plays a role in inflammatory process in obesity complications such as CVD and diabetes. 358 THE ROLE OF EXTRACELLULAR HYALURONAN IN DEVELOPMENT OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND ENGINEERED BEE HYALURONIDASE AS A POTENTIAL TOOL FOR THE TREATMENT B. Greiderer-Kleinlercher, A. Ilias, ´ S. Reitinger, G. Lepperdinger. Extracellular Matrix Research, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Innsbruck, Austria Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death in Western countries and its incidence is rapidly growing. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. The main components of atheromatous lesions in the arterial tunica intima are excess fat, collagen, elastin and hyaluronan. For the reduction of hyaluronan in early lesion development Hyaluronidase from honey bee (Apis mellifera) is a potential tool. It shares 30% of sequence identity with human hyaluronidases, which are involved in fertilization and the turnover of hyaluronan. The advantage in contrast to human hyaluronidases is that bee hyaluronidase exhibits activity at neutral pH as well. Recently, bee venom hyaluronidase has been produced in large quantity in Pichia pastoris, and its biochemical characterization has been performed. The aim of our study is to utilize engineered hyaluronidase to remove hyaluronan from the developing lesions within arteries and in this way, to prevent further progression of atherosclerosis. Wild-type bee hyaluronidase and engineered form of bee hyaluronidase, targeted to developing lesions were constructed and produced in large quantity in Pichia pastoris. To study the transport of the recombinant enzymes through activated endothelium an in vitro model was established. Our results show that the targeted version of bee hyaluronidase can bind to the activated endothelium and both enzymes can be transported through bEnd.3 cell monolayer. Our hypothesis is tested in vivo, using ApoE-deficient mice maintained on Western-type diet, administering the recombinant enzymes by tail vein injection. 359 RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN BLOOD PRESSURE AND LIPID MARKERS OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS E. Vitalyevna Pello, S.K. Malyutina, G.I. Simonova, Y.P. Nikitin. Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Internal Medicine of SB RAMS, Novosibirsk, Russia Purpose: In anticipation of the derivation of profitability concerning concept of the risk factors predisposing to the ensuing manifestation of stable and vulnerable pathophysiological features of atherosclerosis (AT), in our search
77
were assessed the ties between blood pressure (BP) and indicators of lipid homeostasis. Methods: We collected data of 324 subjects (EPOGH study). Results: Hypertension (HT) is considered as one of the most important factors contributing to the subsequent occurrence of AT. Hence, according to the preliminary represented definition, we revealed that clinic, home, 24-h, day, and night systolic/diastolic BP were brightly positively associated with TC, TG, and LDL-C, but were negatively integrated with HDL-C. Partial correlation analysis controlling for age showed straightforward associations of the overwhelming majority of BP parameters with TG and opposite direction of their correlations with HDL-C. Nevertheless, a lesser proportion of BP components was partially related to the LDL-C. The interaction of BP with TC merely disappeared. Partial correlations with joint inclusion of age and BMI were approximately identical. The inter-group comparison reaped benefits of the existing testimony of either gender or BMI significance. Actually, the current observations are congruent with the descriptions of prior epidemiological studies, demonstrate that clinic BP is more strongly integrated with lipid abnormalities than ambulatory BP, and unveil that an incremental influence of the combination of several agents from the constellation of risk factors presumably performs a preferential role in the determination of AT. Conclusions: The findings of the conducted comprehensive investigation confirm the impact of BP on the atherogenesis. 360 OSTEOCALCIN AND METABOLIC SYNDROME P. Diez Romero, M.A.A. Rodriguez, C.D. Romero, I.C. Estevanez, C.L. Paredes, F.D. Serrano, M.T. Valdeperez, J.S.F. Rubio, J.M. Nunez-Cortes. ˜ ´ Madrid, Spain Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Maran˜ on, Osteocalcin (linear peptide hormone synthesized by osteoblasts) may play a role as an endocrine signal and thus participate in the control of energy metabolism and glucose homeostasis through its effects on adipocytes and pancreatic beta cells. Therefore, other metabolic disorders associated with high cardiovascular risk may be accompanied by changes of osteocalcin plasmatic levels. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the presence of metabolic abnormalities associated with high cardiovascular risk according to the osteocalcin concentration, in order to assess whether low levels of osteocalcin may be involved or contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome. Material and Methods: We studied 29 patients who had lower serum levels of osteocalcin to 2.7 ng/dl. In this population has given the following cardiovascular risk profile: LDL, HDL, glucose, triglycerides, BMI and presence of metabolic syndrome. The data are processed with SPSS version 16.0. Statistical tests are used chi square and Mann-Whitney. Results: The metabolic syndrome was present in 55.2% of the sample. Hypertension was the most frequent component trait, present in 51.7%. The proportion of low levels of osteocalcin in patients with metabolic syndrome was 60% (p = 0.68). Conclusions: Low levels of osteocalcin are related, but not significantly, with an increased incidence of metabolic syndrome. This feature could be related as an indirect marker of cardiovascular risk. However, further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis. 361 EFFECTS OF QUINAPRIL AND TELMISARTAN ON MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-2 AND ITS TISSUE INHIBITOR IN PATIENTS WITH CAD UNDERWENT PTCA V. Naumov, A. Partigulova, Y. Kosenkov, E. Orlova, V. Kuharchuk, V. Masenko. Cardiology Research Center, Moscow, Russia Introduction: Matrix metalloproteinases are crucial players in vascular inflammation in atherosclerosis. There’s certain data that ACE inhibitors and ARBs have anti-inflammatory properties. Aim: To study the influence of 6-month therapy with quinapril or telmisartan on blood concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and its tissue inhibitor (TIMP-2) in patients underwent PTCA. Methods: 28 patients with stable angina pectoris in addition to standard therapy (atorvastatin, aspirin, clopidogrel, beta-blockers) were treated with quinapril 20 mg − group 1; 26 patients were treated with telmisartan 40 mg daily − group 2. The average level of total cholesterol was 4.5±1.2 mmol/l in group 1 and 4.4±1.1 mmol/l in group 2. The MMP-2 and TIMP-2 levels in serum were measured before PTCA, on the second day after procedure and after 6-month administration of quinapril and telmisartan. Results: The baseline levels of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were 162.3±27.2 ng/ml and 63.3±8.1 ng/ml in group 1 and 147.5±32.9 ng/ml and 63.8±9.6 ng/ml in group 2. There were no significant changes of these values on the second day after PTCA. Levels of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 increased on 15.3% (p = 0.000017) and 21.2% (p = 0.0002) after 6-month quinapril administration and on 12.2% (p = 0.002) and 26.8% (p < 0.0001) after 6-month telmisartan administration compared to baseline levels. It was no significant difference in characteristic alterations in both groups.