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377. Differential getter pump
Classified
abstracts
373-388
suction and application tory results. an invention consideration mechanism much greater
pressure of piston pumps is objectionable, whereas the of air chambers is prohibitive or does not give satisfacThe theory of a pulsation free piston pump accordmg to of the author IS enunciated. The basic principle is the that an oscillation can be imparted to the pumping rather than to the liquid in the mains, the latter having a effective mass inertia. Patents have been applied for. A J Brugma, Pumps, 6, Nov 1965,358 363, (in Gertttun,i. 21 373. The effective evacuation rate of an electrical discharge pump. (USSR)
The geometrical factors that hmit the evacuation of an electrIcat discharge pump are examined. i USSR) G A Vasil’ev, Prihory i Tekh Ek.vper, I, 1965, 147- 149, (itr Rus vian). 21 374. Cryopumping of CO, nozzle flow at 77 K cryosurface. ( L’SAj Tests were conducted in an 8-25 in. drameter by 44.50 in. chamber utilizing 77°K walls to remove CO, gas flow. B A McCullough and E S J Wang, NASA Accession No N65-13624, Rep No AD 453440,1965,24puges. 21 375. The dynamics of cryosorption pumping. (USA) A technique was developed for the rapid Injection of gas samples into a low-pressure system (Knudsen regime) and for faithfully recording the consequent changes in pressure. The experimental procedure may be used for measurement of initial rates of adsorption on a msec time scale and in this investigation was used for dynamically testing the speed of cryosorptron pumping of air, argon and hydrogen by activated charcoal at liquid nitrogen temperature. S H Bauer and P Jeffers, J Pl7v.5 Chettt, 69 (IO), 1965, 3317 3321. -.I
LI
376. Considerations in the design of ultrahigh-vacuum ion-getter and sublimation pumping. i USAJ
systems using
Analysis of factors to be considered in designing ultrahrgh-vacuum systems (for working pressures of less than JO ” torr) where the main pumping mechanism is ton-getter or getter-film (subhmatron) pumping. The mechanism of the ton pump IS brrcfly reviewed. Drfferent types of ion pumps are described and their advantages and disadvantages relative to system requrrcments are drscusscd. The three main types of fore pumping-mechanrcal, aorptron, and combined mechanical-sorption-are considered. The basic theory 01 cryopumping is reviewed. Vacuum gauges and residual gas analyst\ are briefly discussed. D F Munro. Imt Meclr Etw Con/ ~bcrtrrt~t Trchtwlog~~, Londotr , March I965,‘lZpages.
21 377. Differential getter pump. (Cunudtr) Nitrogen pressure ratio measurements were made on a drfferential to a stage of IO ‘I torr by a pumping stage of IO j torr connected spherical volume contatmng a titanium getter. E V Kornelson, Nat Rex Cotcttcil Canada, Radio Elrc Etrg Dir BII//. I4 (3), 1964,3-6. ?I 378. Ionic getter pump. ( G‘er/wrlr)) The operational ethciencies of two type\ of ronrc getter pumps arc compared, ie those using evaporator and atomizer systems. S Baselt, Glav-Inrrr-Tech, 7 iI_‘), 196.5, 669. 670. 67.? 675. 21 379. Cadmium trap for obtaining high vacuum in a mercury-diffusion pumping system. I Chinu) A non-refrigerated cadmium trap rn a 2-stage glas\ mercury diffusion pump vacuum system has been used. Experrments show that the Cd trap is capable of isolating Hg vapour etfcctively, as high vacua of 10-j-10 : mm Hg are attarnable in an evacuated container. Systematic investtgations of the ctfect of the Cd film under varIou< conditions on the ultimate prc\surc were carried out. Ku Ti-ren et al, Acta Ph,v.\ Sittica, ZI 16 J, Jtttw 1965, 1170 l/74, //II Chinese).
71 380. Design and performance of cryopumps. I Jtrpcrtti A cryopump which has an expansion engine has been deslgncd Rand developed as the first machtne in Japan for the nuclear fu~on programme. The cryogenerator consist\ of a \rngle-\tdge plunger t\pc expansion engine which droves an 011 pump or an tnductron mot<>r as its load, several heat exchangers and a liquid container which IS set for pre-coolrng helium gas. Detarls are given on the con\tructr~~n. 152
operatton and performance of the cryopump. Y Akiyama et al, J Vat Sot Japan, Sept 1965, 8 (9). Japanrw) 381. Recent developments use. ( Juprrn) A Fujinaga, J Vat Sot
of diffusion
Japatt,
299-307,
(in
pumps for ultrahigh-vacuum
8 (U),
Sept
1965,
283-291,
(in
Japanew) 21 : 37 382. Metering pumps for chemical and process duties. (Great Britain) A dtscussron of recent improvements in the design and new materials used in the construction of controlled volume and controlled capacrty pumps, as well as their range of application, and operational factors. A V London, Brit Chettt Eng. 10 (6)) 1965,400-410. 21 :33 383. Cryopump techniques for molecular beam experiments. l N~rherlands) Preliminary mvestigatrons are described on three liquid hydrogen cooled cryopumps designed to meet the vacuum requirements of molecular beam expertments. G Stoles et ul, PIt~~wu. 31 (2)) 1965, 233 236. 21 : 34 384. New developments in cryogenic pumps. (Fruncc/ The prtnctple of cooling by evaporation allows the constructron 01 highly economrc cryogcnrc pumps. For example, it rs possible to design two separate cryo-panels whose temperature is 2.5”K and 20 ‘K when coohng urth lrqutd helium. This makes it possrble to pump hydrogen and other gases at hrgh specrtic pumping speeds wrthout rmparing the overall cost. In order to avoid unduly high warmrng-up of the cryo-panels by transtent peak loads, a second hclrum circuit is put Into operatron serving as a buffer. I G‘ct~~~run~~) H .J Forth, Le b’ide, 119. S&Ocr 1965, 343-34X. 21 :34 385. Development of a 150,000 litres set ion-getter pump for continuous remote operation. ( USA) The desrgn. fdbrrcation and testing of a large ion-getter pump which meets the requirement for large scale srmulatron chambers and has a low Initial and operatrng cost IS dtscussed. R D Olmstead and R A Wolf, Proc ftt\/ Etziirontttetrral Science.\, 1965, 20~207. 21 :48 386. .4 small capacity neon refrigerator for cryopumping application. / USA, Descrtption of the ccononucal utilization of gaseous neon for a lowtcmperaturc refrrgcrator rn the region from 27-30 K for effective cryopumping. J R Ryan. Pvoc ltrtr Ettvit~ottttwttlul Science,, 1965, l_i5- 160. 21 : 22 387. .4 manostat for cryogenic sinks. (C‘wat Bvitctin) S D Probert and C B Thomas, 7rofr\ Sot Imtr Tech, 17 (?j, 1965. .57_5H
22. Gauges 22: Sorption
number
of gases on metal surfaces in ultrahigh
lh:47
vacuum. See abstract
356. 22
h manostat for cryogenic sinks. See abstract
number
: 21
387. 22
388. Calculation
of thermal
and viscosity vacuum gauges and thermo-
1C’SSRI The various parameters. coeliicients, and relatronshrps rcqurred for the calcutatron of vacuum-measuring devrces of varrous types arc ~h\cu~ed; these Include the accommodation and momcntumexchange coetficrents. the thermal conductrcrty and vrscosity of the g,t\e\ rnvotvcd. and the rclatronshrp betueen Reynold’s numbers .tnd prr‘$\urc An approxrmate correlation between the accommodatlon and 11lornentLlrn.exchange coefhcrents and the cmrssivity is set alp; this enable\ the characteristics of varrous types of apparatus viorkrng under vacuum conditrons to be e\trmated theorcttcally. i USSR) anemometers.
abstracts
373-388
suction and application tory results. an invention consideration mechanism much greater
pressure of piston pumps is objectionable, whereas the of air chambers is prohibitive or does not give satisfacThe theory of a pulsation free piston pump accordmg to of the author IS enunciated. The basic principle is the that an oscillation can be imparted to the pumping rather than to the liquid in the mains, the latter having a effective mass inertia. Patents have been applied for. A J Brugma, Pumps, 6, Nov 1965,358 363, (in Gertttun,i. 21 373. The effective evacuation rate of an electrical discharge pump. (USSR)
The geometrical factors that hmit the evacuation of an electrIcat discharge pump are examined. i USSR) G A Vasil’ev, Prihory i Tekh Ek.vper, I, 1965, 147- 149, (itr Rus vian). 21 374. Cryopumping of CO, nozzle flow at 77 K cryosurface. ( L’SAj Tests were conducted in an 8-25 in. drameter by 44.50 in. chamber utilizing 77°K walls to remove CO, gas flow. B A McCullough and E S J Wang, NASA Accession No N65-13624, Rep No AD 453440,1965,24puges. 21 375. The dynamics of cryosorption pumping. (USA) A technique was developed for the rapid Injection of gas samples into a low-pressure system (Knudsen regime) and for faithfully recording the consequent changes in pressure. The experimental procedure may be used for measurement of initial rates of adsorption on a msec time scale and in this investigation was used for dynamically testing the speed of cryosorptron pumping of air, argon and hydrogen by activated charcoal at liquid nitrogen temperature. S H Bauer and P Jeffers, J Pl7v.5 Chettt, 69 (IO), 1965, 3317 3321. -.I
LI
376. Considerations in the design of ultrahigh-vacuum ion-getter and sublimation pumping. i USAJ
systems using
Analysis of factors to be considered in designing ultrahrgh-vacuum systems (for working pressures of less than JO ” torr) where the main pumping mechanism is ton-getter or getter-film (subhmatron) pumping. The mechanism of the ton pump IS brrcfly reviewed. Drfferent types of ion pumps are described and their advantages and disadvantages relative to system requrrcments are drscusscd. The three main types of fore pumping-mechanrcal, aorptron, and combined mechanical-sorption-are considered. The basic theory 01 cryopumping is reviewed. Vacuum gauges and residual gas analyst\ are briefly discussed. D F Munro. Imt Meclr Etw Con/ ~bcrtrrt~t Trchtwlog~~, Londotr , March I965,‘lZpages.
21 377. Differential getter pump. (Cunudtr) Nitrogen pressure ratio measurements were made on a drfferential to a stage of IO ‘I torr by a pumping stage of IO j torr connected spherical volume contatmng a titanium getter. E V Kornelson, Nat Rex Cotcttcil Canada, Radio Elrc Etrg Dir BII//. I4 (3), 1964,3-6. ?I 378. Ionic getter pump. ( G‘er/wrlr)) The operational ethciencies of two type\ of ronrc getter pumps arc compared, ie those using evaporator and atomizer systems. S Baselt, Glav-Inrrr-Tech, 7 iI_‘), 196.5, 669. 670. 67.? 675. 21 379. Cadmium trap for obtaining high vacuum in a mercury-diffusion pumping system. I Chinu) A non-refrigerated cadmium trap rn a 2-stage glas\ mercury diffusion pump vacuum system has been used. Experrments show that the Cd trap is capable of isolating Hg vapour etfcctively, as high vacua of 10-j-10 : mm Hg are attarnable in an evacuated container. Systematic investtgations of the ctfect of the Cd film under varIou< conditions on the ultimate prc\surc were carried out. Ku Ti-ren et al, Acta Ph,v.\ Sittica, ZI 16 J, Jtttw 1965, 1170 l/74, //II Chinese).
71 380. Design and performance of cryopumps. I Jtrpcrtti A cryopump which has an expansion engine has been deslgncd Rand developed as the first machtne in Japan for the nuclear fu~on programme. The cryogenerator consist\ of a \rngle-\tdge plunger t\pc expansion engine which droves an 011 pump or an tnductron mot<>r as its load, several heat exchangers and a liquid container which IS set for pre-coolrng helium gas. Detarls are given on the con\tructr~~n. 152
operatton and performance of the cryopump. Y Akiyama et al, J Vat Sot Japan, Sept 1965, 8 (9). Japanrw) 381. Recent developments use. ( Juprrn) A Fujinaga, J Vat Sot
of diffusion
Japatt,
299-307,
(in
pumps for ultrahigh-vacuum
8 (U),
Sept
1965,
283-291,
(in
Japanew) 21 : 37 382. Metering pumps for chemical and process duties. (Great Britain) A dtscussron of recent improvements in the design and new materials used in the construction of controlled volume and controlled capacrty pumps, as well as their range of application, and operational factors. A V London, Brit Chettt Eng. 10 (6)) 1965,400-410. 21 :33 383. Cryopump techniques for molecular beam experiments. l N~rherlands) Preliminary mvestigatrons are described on three liquid hydrogen cooled cryopumps designed to meet the vacuum requirements of molecular beam expertments. G Stoles et ul, PIt~~wu. 31 (2)) 1965, 233 236. 21 : 34 384. New developments in cryogenic pumps. (Fruncc/ The prtnctple of cooling by evaporation allows the constructron 01 highly economrc cryogcnrc pumps. For example, it rs possible to design two separate cryo-panels whose temperature is 2.5”K and 20 ‘K when coohng urth lrqutd helium. This makes it possrble to pump hydrogen and other gases at hrgh specrtic pumping speeds wrthout rmparing the overall cost. In order to avoid unduly high warmrng-up of the cryo-panels by transtent peak loads, a second hclrum circuit is put Into operatron serving as a buffer. I G‘ct~~~run~~) H .J Forth, Le b’ide, 119. S&Ocr 1965, 343-34X. 21 :34 385. Development of a 150,000 litres set ion-getter pump for continuous remote operation. ( USA) The desrgn. fdbrrcation and testing of a large ion-getter pump which meets the requirement for large scale srmulatron chambers and has a low Initial and operatrng cost IS dtscussed. R D Olmstead and R A Wolf, Proc ftt\/ Etziirontttetrral Science.\, 1965, 20~207. 21 :48 386. .4 small capacity neon refrigerator for cryopumping application. / USA, Descrtption of the ccononucal utilization of gaseous neon for a lowtcmperaturc refrrgcrator rn the region from 27-30 K for effective cryopumping. J R Ryan. Pvoc ltrtr Ettvit~ottttwttlul Science,, 1965, l_i5- 160. 21 : 22 387. .4 manostat for cryogenic sinks. (C‘wat Bvitctin) S D Probert and C B Thomas, 7rofr\ Sot Imtr Tech, 17 (?j, 1965. .57_5H
22. Gauges 22: Sorption
number
of gases on metal surfaces in ultrahigh
lh:47
vacuum. See abstract
356. 22
h manostat for cryogenic sinks. See abstract
number
: 21
387. 22
388. Calculation
of thermal
and viscosity vacuum gauges and thermo-
1C’SSRI The various parameters. coeliicients, and relatronshrps rcqurred for the calcutatron of vacuum-measuring devrces of varrous types arc ~h\cu~ed; these Include the accommodation and momcntumexchange coetficrents. the thermal conductrcrty and vrscosity of the g,t\e\ rnvotvcd. and the rclatronshrp betueen Reynold’s numbers .tnd prr‘$\urc An approxrmate correlation between the accommodatlon and 11lornentLlrn.exchange coefhcrents and the cmrssivity is set alp; this enable\ the characteristics of varrous types of apparatus viorkrng under vacuum conditrons to be e\trmated theorcttcally. i USSR) anemometers.