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39. Freezing injury in relation to loss of enzyme activities and protection against freezing
21 i0
2, N N (.7A I, L\1E 1~T I NC; A t3STI:~ A ('TS
'10. T h e l l a r ( l e . i r ~ g l)r()('e.-,,: l)r()tein at~d N u v l e i c A c i d Chat~g('s. l), S~M~x,)\'rr(~) L .\I. l.Fl'.x,;~: a' ,t~t 1"~. l?nf:.xv:,[)::* (I) tm)'l-
3 9 . F r e e z . i n g I n j u r y in ]{elal.|on h) i.oss o f E n z v m e Act ivi ties a n d | ) f o r c e ! i o n a g a i nsi F r e e z i n g . U. H).:)~E)'÷' {In.<~i(tlt(' of A~rimd•
)
)
till'H1 I{()ItlIIV, ])( llll,
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fill'Ill /)f .~l'i('l}]llll't:. ("I.I1;t\V:I: {
.("T'II,HII ~, 1. " '
':)ll:t*t:l}.
! ! .-Cr.y(:)sn r ( a e r y 41.
Introduction
-17. A R e v i e w o f Cry().~urgical S l u d i e s i , M a l i g n a n ( . y . A . ' , ' m : r w (i; ~,~)-: ~l ),.,l~:,)')~x.~t! ,)f Sttrm.ry, V.\ ll,)sl~ital, lhlfi~I](). N(+w Y+,rk).
and
S(,ol)e o f t h e I)rot) |(:l|l, ]HVINt; ~.. (.'t)()PI,.'II 1,l)(:,l):irl nickel (,f N(,~r¢)lo.,.z'icnl Surgery.. S). l~,:~r)mt-m.- ll(:st,iral, Now York, New Y o r k ) .
42. Thermodynamic Principles Al)|)lical)|e to C r y o g e n i c Surgery. l>,.~).p~{ (')~t-.x~p { I{ri,I~.'i)<;r). (.'
,1-8. C r y ( , - i m m u ) ) ( , l ( ~ g y , S~>xt.:v S)~~..~ ',x l l>r,:)fi,ss,7)r :)));l ('l~:iir))l:~). l~.~',l~::~r)~n('))) ,~i .~li('v<)l)i()l,'ay. N(,w Y~,rk NI,:,,II<':~I t'<,lh,,.:,,.. N(,',v Y,,rl<, N('~: ")',.,rk).
.13. A R e v i e w o f C r y o s u r g i ( " a l l i ) s l r ~ , m e n t a l i o n . ,I.x('K Et)w.x~{t)s (i.kl('ch:~'fii(';~J F~n~i)~,.'~,"i~i~ I,'('ImV)),~('ll), [r:)dv,'.~'.~i~v <,f S))rr(:,y, l.~)xl(:):.
-1.9. C , ' y o s , r.'..'e,'y i. ()t()lu i-y))a(,l()-y. ( )i~)~.).:s II)).~, il:<),,)~l,')~,:, l: l), ),l(, 1~i:,)',(1~
4 4 . Cry,~)genie' A l ) l ) l i e a l i o n s to N e u r o l ) h y s i ()log)': B a s l e Asl)eCts. I n s t r u m e n t a t i o n . a n d Igxl)e.rime)~tal E x l ) e . r i ( m c e . l>,(m).:)n lh(:~< (1)el)a)') me,))) ()f .l'l m rnt:,(,oh)e\- l'l)vsi,:,}(a'Y, Atl;,.,r) ]-ins)('in (.$(@,,_,c {,f .\lc~ticin(.. N(,w V()rk. New York). 45. Cryogenic Therai)y it, D e r m a / o h ) g y . Smq',.((; Z.-xCAte~Ax I,
])avid
46. Cryo-oph|halmoh)gy. {New Y o r k , N my Y o r k ) .
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52.
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l:ittt[.), ,!()fIN (;. I)/:,I.IA~V~.'~ (,.'dP~'l'~'!'~!'V, ,'d,~ci.~'IV .
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f¢;r (Try(~s~Ir~(,ry,.(.:hi(':~,h l!ti)~,,)i.-), ~.',L) \V~.L~.,~.~) ('..~))..~.\" (.\l¢.)n()ri~',l ID,~,I))!.)}, N(,w.York. New York ).
Tissues
53. l)roteclive Effects of Hyimlhcrmia (m Intracellular O r g a n e . i l e s in B r a i n I n j u r y . (.'.'~I~L ]l. SUT'FOX, -x" ])(')NAI,I) i ] . FHANK., "×" AND l-lv)~:)rr I.. }{()s()xm~,'~" (1)el,:~r~m(,nt of N(.q~r()of io~ical .... < ~lr..cr3, o-, ~ AIb(..rt Einstein (.,,l-h.,~(' ' 5ledicine :rod Monlefiore l:h)sI)ilai an
51.
Sutmns~,:'c
Cryobiology
"(
~(L Cvy(~l)r(~lat(,(,i()n)y..\l..). (;,,x~>~:)i ('i)i(! ()l' I'r()]<>!.:'y. \'A If().)I:.~. I',,:)~:~!,,. N,'w Y( ),.), ,"~ )
and
Organs.
H
wi)h ~)xi(laiive enz\'~l(, i)lclt),:t)i,)l~.~, l.ys<>ic,,me.-: •wen, .zt~scnt wi~hit~ are:~,-: t)f int':tr('ti~)~. (.'vii.< ill }lllllIP(ti:liP]y
}t(]j:te("tll zotl~';: oI" ,~eVi'l'C Pt]Cll.ht ,ttlCl
t)[ood-lm~ili l)nrrier in~tminuen): c(ml:tinc¢t few inhtct ].vsosonx's, wl~it(' (7;()1~i ]:~)neli:)e wi)hi): IlIOSt II(aUI'OIIS wt,r(,. I'F/I~IlP,'III:':{. I11 Ill,If'L:' ])t,ripheral zo))es, rea(.tive ~tsl roeyt('s :~n(l mi(,rogii-~ con ~a ined i~c tea sed n uml.~era ¢)f lysosmnes, w hie h appe;tred to lmrlicipa~d ih <'ellul:)r n,:~cliol~ lo injury: in hyl)olhermit: l n':~in.-., :t~:tl()~¢)t~s zones tK i~jury and reaction were ,,o~)sidt,ral)ly sn~r~ll(,r I hart. i)~ normoi hen-nit !n':~ins. These findings are ee.)nsis(ent wi,h )l~e h y pothesis (hal; l~ro~('~scs, nuch:':tses, :m(t ,.~hi, r ¢lig'estive h x.'drolases rete;t.-:cd frcm~ dam:~g<,d, lyso-
2, N N (.7A I, L\1E 1~T I NC; A t3STI:~ A ('TS
'10. T h e l l a r ( l e . i r ~ g l)r()('e.-,,: l)r()tein at~d N u v l e i c A c i d Chat~g('s. l), S~M~x,)\'rr(~) L .\I. l.Fl'.x,;~: a' ,t~t 1"~. l?nf:.xv:,[)::* (I) tm)'l-
3 9 . F r e e z . i n g I n j u r y in ]{elal.|on h) i.oss o f E n z v m e Act ivi ties a n d | ) f o r c e ! i o n a g a i nsi F r e e z i n g . U. H).:)~E)'÷' {In.<~i(tlt(' of A~rimd•
)
)
till'H1 I{()ItlIIV, ])( llll,
(
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fill'Ill /)f .~l'i('l}]llll't:. ("I.I1;t\V:I: {
.("T'II,HII ~, 1. " '
':)ll:t*t:l}.
! ! .-Cr.y(:)sn r ( a e r y 41.
Introduction
-17. A R e v i e w o f Cry().~urgical S l u d i e s i , M a l i g n a n ( . y . A . ' , ' m : r w (i; ~,~)-: ~l ),.,l~:,)')~x.~t! ,)f Sttrm.ry, V.\ ll,)sl~ital, lhlfi~I](). N(+w Y+,rk).
and
S(,ol)e o f t h e I)rot) |(:l|l, ]HVINt; ~.. (.'t)()PI,.'II 1,l)(:,l):irl nickel (,f N(,~r¢)lo.,.z'icnl Surgery.. S). l~,:~r)mt-m.- ll(:st,iral, Now York, New Y o r k ) .
42. Thermodynamic Principles Al)|)lical)|e to C r y o g e n i c Surgery. l>,.~).p~{ (')~t-.x~p { I{ri,I~.'i)<;r). (.'
,1-8. C r y ( , - i m m u ) ) ( , l ( ~ g y , S~>xt.:v S)~~..~ ',x l l>r,:)fi,ss,7)r :)));l ('l~:iir))l:~). l~.~',l~::~r)~n('))) ,~i .~li('v<)l)i()l,'ay. N(,w Y~,rk NI,:,,II<':~I t'<,lh,,.:,,.. N(,',v Y,,rl<, N('~: ")',.,rk).
.13. A R e v i e w o f C r y o s u r g i ( " a l l i ) s l r ~ , m e n t a l i o n . ,I.x('K Et)w.x~{t)s (i.kl('ch:~'fii(';~J F~n~i)~,.'~,"i~i~ I,'('ImV)),~('ll), [r:)dv,'.~'.~i~v <,f S))rr(:,y, l.~)xl(:):.
-1.9. C , ' y o s , r.'..'e,'y i. ()t()lu i-y))a(,l()-y. ( )i~)~.).:s II)).~, il:<),,)~l,')~,:, l: l), ),l(, 1~i:,)',(1~
4 4 . Cry,~)genie' A l ) l ) l i e a l i o n s to N e u r o l ) h y s i ()log)': B a s l e Asl)eCts. I n s t r u m e n t a t i o n . a n d Igxl)e.rime)~tal E x l ) e . r i ( m c e . l>,(m).:)n lh(:~< (1)el)a)') me,))) ()f .l'l m rnt:,(,oh)e\- l'l)vsi,:,}(a'Y, Atl;,.,r) ]-ins)('in (.$(@,,_,c {,f .\lc~ticin(.. N(,w V()rk. New York). 45. Cryogenic Therai)y it, D e r m a / o h ) g y . Smq',.((; Z.-xCAte~Ax I,
])avid
46. Cryo-oph|halmoh)gy. {New Y o r k , N my Y o r k ) .
of
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c,,~
"
)
(~rv~)surgi(,al
in've~lignli,)))~
in
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52.
I
l)is(,ttssi()n..\)
)).)~):r s~.~t:l'.u ! .N:~tit,t):)t It:..
l:ittt[.), ,!()fIN (;. I)/:,I.IA~V~.'~ (,.'dP~'l'~'!'~!'V, ,'d,~ci.~'IV .
,
.
.
f¢;r (Try(~s~Ir~(,ry,.(.:hi(':~,h l!ti)~,,)i.-), ~.',L) \V~.L~.,~.~) ('..~))..~.\" (.\l¢.)n()ri~',l ID,~,I))!.)}, N(,w.York. New York ).
Tissues
53. l)roteclive Effects of Hyimlhcrmia (m Intracellular O r g a n e . i l e s in B r a i n I n j u r y . (.'.'~I~L ]l. SUT'FOX, -x" ])(')NAI,I) i ] . FHANK., "×" AND l-lv)~:)rr I.. }{()s()xm~,'~" (1)el,:~r~m(,nt of N(.q~r()of io~ical .... < ~lr..cr3, o-, ~ AIb(..rt Einstein (.,,l-h.,~(' ' 5ledicine :rod Monlefiore l:h)sI)ilai an
51.
Sutmns~,:'c
Cryobiology
"(
~(L Cvy(~l)r(~lat(,(,i()n)y..\l..). (;,,x~>~:)i ('i)i(! ()l' I'r()]<>!.:'y. \'A If().)I:.~. I',,:)~:~!,,. N,'w Y( ),.), ,"~ )
and
Organs.
H
wi)h ~)xi(laiive enz\'~l(, i)lclt),:t)i,)l~.~, l.ys<>ic,,me.-: •wen, .zt~scnt wi~hit~ are:~,-: t)f int':tr('ti~)~. (.'vii.< ill }lllllIP(ti:liP]y
}t(]j:te("tll zotl~';: oI" ,~eVi'l'C Pt]Cll.ht ,ttlCl
t)[ood-lm~ili l)nrrier in~tminuen): c(ml:tinc¢t few inhtct ].vsosonx's, wl~it(' (7;()1~i ]:~)neli:)e wi)hi): IlIOSt II(aUI'OIIS wt,r(,. I'F/I~IlP,'III:':{. I11 Ill,If'L:' ])t,ripheral zo))es, rea(.tive ~tsl roeyt('s :~n(l mi(,rogii-~ con ~a ined i~c tea sed n uml.~era ¢)f lysosmnes, w hie h appe;tred to lmrlicipa~d ih <'ellul:)r n,:~cliol~ lo injury: in hyl)olhermit: l n':~in.-., :t~:tl()~¢)t~s zones tK i~jury and reaction were ,,o~)sidt,ral)ly sn~r~ll(,r I hart. i)~ normoi hen-nit !n':~ins. These findings are ee.)nsis(ent wi,h )l~e h y pothesis (hal; l~ro~('~scs, nuch:':tses, :m(t ,.~hi, r ¢lig'estive h x.'drolases rete;t.-:cd frcm~ dam:~g<,d, lyso-