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39108 British Gas introduces a burial and coating pig
39481 Gordon, C.M.; Peters, C.W. A fast-neutron probe for tomography and bulk analysis Transactions of the American Nuclear Society, Vol. 56, Supplement No. 3, p. 63-65 (Conference on Industrial and Radioisotope Measurement Applications, Pinehurst, North Carolina, 7-9 Sop. 1988) A new industrial tomographic method is described in this paper which combines three techniques, associated particle neutron time-of-flight (TOF) spectroscopy, inelastic gamma-ray spectroscopy and a recently developed sealed tube neutron generator (STNG). A fast collimated neutron beam is used to probe the material. Inelastic gamma rays, produced by interactions with the neutrons are detected and analyzed. Spatial production of gamma rays is used to provide imaging information. This technique is especially useful for nondestructive tomographic analyses of solids or inaccessible spaces. The STNG used in the TOF system is described, and results from tests with coal, concrete and steel are mentioned.
Bordo, J.; Korko, A.R.; Markgraf, J.F. W.; Perry, D.; Dassel, G.; de Haan, K.W.; Snijders, G.; Staal, H.U. 39402
Non-destructive examination of LWR fuel rods at the Petten Research Establishments Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, London (United Kingdom), 13-17 Sep. 1987. Vol. 2, pp. 1468-1477. Pergamon Press, 3173 pp. (1988) Specialized Non-Destructive Examination (NDE) equipment, providing key information on the state and physical condition of irradiated Light Water Reactor (LWR) fuel rods, has been developed at the High Flux Reactor (HFR) Petten and the Petten Hot-Cells Laboratory (LSO). Some 250 power transient tests have been performed on pro-irradiated Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) and Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) fuel rod segments from commercial power reactors. As a result, these NDE facilities have proved to be a powerful and unique tool for NDE. The condition and integrity of LWR fuel rods can therefore be assessed at various stages of irradiation.
Taniguchi, R.; Hiraoka, E.; Sonoda, K.; Ono, A.; Tazawa, S.; Nakanii, T.
39111
Nuclear Technology, Vol. 82, No. 3, pp. 355-362 (Sop. 1988) The University of Virginia's real-time neutron radiography facility was characterized by measurement of the total neutron flux, gold-cadmium ratio, neutron/gamma ratio, and the effective collimator length-to- aperture diameter (L/D) ratio. The real-time neutron imaging system and collimator were further characterized by measuring the modulation transfer function (MTF) of the system. The collimator effectiveness was measured by using the MTF to determine the 'unparallelism' of the neutron beam. The MTF was also used to determine the effects of any reactor or beamport changes and to examine the effect of various system components on image quality. The computer-based image processing system allowed rapid calculation of the MTF and the collimator effectiveness. The results of these measurements, using no collimator and a simple tube collimator, demonstrated the method's ability to determine the effective L/D ratio. The MTF measurement scheme provided a fast, reliable, and reproducible means of monitoring any changes in the real-time system, including both the neutron beam and the electronic components. The MTFs for various system components were measured using a separation technique. A parameter f/sub N/was used to give a quantitative measure of an individual system component's performance. 39108 Anon. British Gas introduces a burial and coating pig The Oilman, p. 30 (Jul. 1988) The introduction of a burial and coating intelligent pig for the inspection of underwater pipelines used by British Gas is described. The neutron interrogation technique, developed at the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Laboratory at Harwell, is used to assess external pipe conditions. Radiologlcally safe, this pig allows inspection to continue in all weathers and early tests have been successful.
39298
Neutron radiography with the cyclotron (VI): Studies of the image processing system for the dynamic neutron radiography (In Japanese) Annual Report of the Radiation Center of Osaka Prefecture, Vol. 28, pp. 61-65 (1988) An image processing system for dynamic neutron radiography has been developed. It is based on the hardware subset, composed of the pipe- line and the use of (local statistics) algorithms. The processing speed per one pixel is shorter than 100 n sec and so video-rate processing can be executed on it. Some image processes for improving the quality of the real-time neutron image, noise reduction and contrast stretching would be attempted using this system. 39297 Haussler, F.; Baumbach, H.; Eichhorn, F. Small.angle neutron scattering of cement concrete (In German) Isotopenpraxis, Vol. 24, No. 5, pp. 185-188 Small-angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) was applied to problems of material research in civil engineering. After a critical analysis of methods used for determination of pore size distribution and inner surface of cement pastes up to the present e.g. the capillary condensation method and the mercury porosimetry method, the conclusion was drawn, that these methods require preparations and measuring procedures which destroy the inner structure. At present SANS presents the only method that can investigate concrete samples with a thickness relevant to macroscopical quantities of building materials. For example, illustrating the use of observation measurements for the development of the microstructure during the first 25 h after the onset of hydration are described.
39290 Wada, N. Thermal neutron radiography using 1-mg 252Cf neutron source (In Japanese) Journal of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan, Vol. 30, No. 7, pp. 610- 616 (1988) A transportable exposure device equipped with a neutron source was designed and constructed for thermal neutron radiography. It has three divergent collimators with a large outlet aperture of 200 mm in diameter. These collimators have the same length (L) of 500 mm and an inlet aperture (D) of different sizes; 10, 20 or 40 mm in diameter. A thermal neutron flux of 3.0 x 10/sup 3/era/sup -2/. s/sup-l/was obtained at the outlet of the collimator for L/D ratio of 25. The ratio of thermal neutron flux to gamma-ray dose rate was 2.9 x 10/sup 4/era/sup -2/.mR/sup -1/at the same position. It was shown that direct exposure method using the combination of a scintillation converter and a fine-grain film is an appropriate choice for high quality radiographs. The method was effectively applied to detect hydrogen in some kinds of metal plate. The lower limit of detection for AI plates less than 10 mm thick was 0.64 mg.H.cm/sup -2/. 39113 Hutchings, M.T.; Windsor, C.G. Industrial applications Methods of experimental physics, Vol. 23. Neutron scattering, Part C, pp. 405-482. Edited by K. Skold and D.L. Price. Academic Press Inc., 501 pp. (1987) This chapter on industrial applications of neutrons includes: the neutron beam as a materials probe; applied neutron techniques and their possible alternatives; neutron radiography; microstructure determination by small-angle neutron scattering; measurement of texture and crystal quality; residual stress measurement by high-resolution neutron diffraction; diffuse scattering; inelastic scattering from vibrational states; and portable sources.
242
Sulcoski, M.F.; Tobin, K.W.; Brenizer, J.S.Jr.;
Real-time neutron radiography system performance - measurements and methods
39107
Berger, H.
Some recent developments in X-ray and neutron inspection methods Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, London (United Kingdom), 13-17 Sop. 1987. Vol. 1, pp. 155-162. Pergamon Press, 3173 pp. (1988) Several recent advances in radiation inspection methods are discussed in terms of contributions made by American radiation scientists. Developments in radiation sources include a portable, high energy accelerator for x-ray inspection and improved microfocus x-ray sources. Inspection systems discussed include real-time microfocus equipments and backscatter techniques, one of these making use of a novel slot camera. Neutron radiographic developments discussed emphasize movable inspection systems and applications for corrosion detection. Sensitivity for neutron radiographic corrosion detection in aluminum equates to a metal loss of less than 25 microns. It is concluded that developments in radiation testing continue to make radiation inspection more useful. An extensive bibliography is included. 39104 Heidt, H.; Stade, J. Review and prospects of neutron radiography in the FRG N D T International, Vol. 21, No. 5, pp. 345-347 (Oct. 1988) Even though the first neutron radiographs were made in the FRG by Kallmann and Kuhn nearly 50 years ago, this NDT method has never found wide-spread application here. In the past there have been facilities in Karlsruhe and Juelich for nuclear fuel examination, Siemens and AEG have attempted to use neutron radiography in industry and neutron radiography using a LINAC source has been investigated at Bundesanstalt fuer Material pruefung (BAM). With the development and availability of more powerful mobile sources and real-time inspection systems with neutron image intensifiers, neutron radiography may find greater application in industry. New applications for mobile neutron radiography will be in aircraft inspection, the testing of fibre- reinforced polymers and certain types of ceramics, civil engineering (concrete, natural stone and bricks), corrosion and lubricating investigations. 39098
Berger, H.
Neutron radiographic detection of corrosion Corrosion monitoring in industrial plants using nondestructive testing and electrochemical methods. Proceedings of a symposium, Montreal (Canada), 22-24 Mar. 1984 pp. 5-16. Edited by G.C. Moran and P. Labine. ASTM, 515 pp., 1986. Many nondestructive testing (NDT) methods for corrosion detection depend on the reduced thickness of the component following corrosive attack. This is normally the underlying concept for corrosion detection by NDT methods such as X-radiography, ultrasonics, and eddy currents. For neutron radiography, however, the basis for the detection is the neutron attenuation by the hydrogen in the corrosion product itself. This difference in the approach gives neutron radiography an advantage over many other NDT methods because of the potential for early detection of corrosion, before extensive attack and thinning of the material have occurred. Neutron radiographic methods are reviewed and some initial results are given for corrosion detection in aluminum. 38818
Wrobel, M.; Greim, L.
Resolution functions and unsharpness in neutron radiography GKSS-Forschungszentrum Geesthacht G m b H , Geesthacht (Federal Republic of Germany), GKSS-88/E/12, 28 pp. (1988)
NDT International August 1989
Bordo, J.; Korko, A.R.; Markgraf, J.F. W.; Perry, D.; Dassel, G.; de Haan, K.W.; Snijders, G.; Staal, H.U. 39402
Non-destructive examination of LWR fuel rods at the Petten Research Establishments Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, London (United Kingdom), 13-17 Sep. 1987. Vol. 2, pp. 1468-1477. Pergamon Press, 3173 pp. (1988) Specialized Non-Destructive Examination (NDE) equipment, providing key information on the state and physical condition of irradiated Light Water Reactor (LWR) fuel rods, has been developed at the High Flux Reactor (HFR) Petten and the Petten Hot-Cells Laboratory (LSO). Some 250 power transient tests have been performed on pro-irradiated Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) and Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) fuel rod segments from commercial power reactors. As a result, these NDE facilities have proved to be a powerful and unique tool for NDE. The condition and integrity of LWR fuel rods can therefore be assessed at various stages of irradiation.
Taniguchi, R.; Hiraoka, E.; Sonoda, K.; Ono, A.; Tazawa, S.; Nakanii, T.
39111
Nuclear Technology, Vol. 82, No. 3, pp. 355-362 (Sop. 1988) The University of Virginia's real-time neutron radiography facility was characterized by measurement of the total neutron flux, gold-cadmium ratio, neutron/gamma ratio, and the effective collimator length-to- aperture diameter (L/D) ratio. The real-time neutron imaging system and collimator were further characterized by measuring the modulation transfer function (MTF) of the system. The collimator effectiveness was measured by using the MTF to determine the 'unparallelism' of the neutron beam. The MTF was also used to determine the effects of any reactor or beamport changes and to examine the effect of various system components on image quality. The computer-based image processing system allowed rapid calculation of the MTF and the collimator effectiveness. The results of these measurements, using no collimator and a simple tube collimator, demonstrated the method's ability to determine the effective L/D ratio. The MTF measurement scheme provided a fast, reliable, and reproducible means of monitoring any changes in the real-time system, including both the neutron beam and the electronic components. The MTFs for various system components were measured using a separation technique. A parameter f/sub N/was used to give a quantitative measure of an individual system component's performance. 39108 Anon. British Gas introduces a burial and coating pig The Oilman, p. 30 (Jul. 1988) The introduction of a burial and coating intelligent pig for the inspection of underwater pipelines used by British Gas is described. The neutron interrogation technique, developed at the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Laboratory at Harwell, is used to assess external pipe conditions. Radiologlcally safe, this pig allows inspection to continue in all weathers and early tests have been successful.
39298
Neutron radiography with the cyclotron (VI): Studies of the image processing system for the dynamic neutron radiography (In Japanese) Annual Report of the Radiation Center of Osaka Prefecture, Vol. 28, pp. 61-65 (1988) An image processing system for dynamic neutron radiography has been developed. It is based on the hardware subset, composed of the pipe- line and the use of (local statistics) algorithms. The processing speed per one pixel is shorter than 100 n sec and so video-rate processing can be executed on it. Some image processes for improving the quality of the real-time neutron image, noise reduction and contrast stretching would be attempted using this system. 39297 Haussler, F.; Baumbach, H.; Eichhorn, F. Small.angle neutron scattering of cement concrete (In German) Isotopenpraxis, Vol. 24, No. 5, pp. 185-188 Small-angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) was applied to problems of material research in civil engineering. After a critical analysis of methods used for determination of pore size distribution and inner surface of cement pastes up to the present e.g. the capillary condensation method and the mercury porosimetry method, the conclusion was drawn, that these methods require preparations and measuring procedures which destroy the inner structure. At present SANS presents the only method that can investigate concrete samples with a thickness relevant to macroscopical quantities of building materials. For example, illustrating the use of observation measurements for the development of the microstructure during the first 25 h after the onset of hydration are described.
39290 Wada, N. Thermal neutron radiography using 1-mg 252Cf neutron source (In Japanese) Journal of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan, Vol. 30, No. 7, pp. 610- 616 (1988) A transportable exposure device equipped with a neutron source was designed and constructed for thermal neutron radiography. It has three divergent collimators with a large outlet aperture of 200 mm in diameter. These collimators have the same length (L) of 500 mm and an inlet aperture (D) of different sizes; 10, 20 or 40 mm in diameter. A thermal neutron flux of 3.0 x 10/sup 3/era/sup -2/. s/sup-l/was obtained at the outlet of the collimator for L/D ratio of 25. The ratio of thermal neutron flux to gamma-ray dose rate was 2.9 x 10/sup 4/era/sup -2/.mR/sup -1/at the same position. It was shown that direct exposure method using the combination of a scintillation converter and a fine-grain film is an appropriate choice for high quality radiographs. The method was effectively applied to detect hydrogen in some kinds of metal plate. The lower limit of detection for AI plates less than 10 mm thick was 0.64 mg.H.cm/sup -2/. 39113 Hutchings, M.T.; Windsor, C.G. Industrial applications Methods of experimental physics, Vol. 23. Neutron scattering, Part C, pp. 405-482. Edited by K. Skold and D.L. Price. Academic Press Inc., 501 pp. (1987) This chapter on industrial applications of neutrons includes: the neutron beam as a materials probe; applied neutron techniques and their possible alternatives; neutron radiography; microstructure determination by small-angle neutron scattering; measurement of texture and crystal quality; residual stress measurement by high-resolution neutron diffraction; diffuse scattering; inelastic scattering from vibrational states; and portable sources.
242
Sulcoski, M.F.; Tobin, K.W.; Brenizer, J.S.Jr.;
Real-time neutron radiography system performance - measurements and methods
39107
Berger, H.
Some recent developments in X-ray and neutron inspection methods Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, London (United Kingdom), 13-17 Sop. 1987. Vol. 1, pp. 155-162. Pergamon Press, 3173 pp. (1988) Several recent advances in radiation inspection methods are discussed in terms of contributions made by American radiation scientists. Developments in radiation sources include a portable, high energy accelerator for x-ray inspection and improved microfocus x-ray sources. Inspection systems discussed include real-time microfocus equipments and backscatter techniques, one of these making use of a novel slot camera. Neutron radiographic developments discussed emphasize movable inspection systems and applications for corrosion detection. Sensitivity for neutron radiographic corrosion detection in aluminum equates to a metal loss of less than 25 microns. It is concluded that developments in radiation testing continue to make radiation inspection more useful. An extensive bibliography is included. 39104 Heidt, H.; Stade, J. Review and prospects of neutron radiography in the FRG N D T International, Vol. 21, No. 5, pp. 345-347 (Oct. 1988) Even though the first neutron radiographs were made in the FRG by Kallmann and Kuhn nearly 50 years ago, this NDT method has never found wide-spread application here. In the past there have been facilities in Karlsruhe and Juelich for nuclear fuel examination, Siemens and AEG have attempted to use neutron radiography in industry and neutron radiography using a LINAC source has been investigated at Bundesanstalt fuer Material pruefung (BAM). With the development and availability of more powerful mobile sources and real-time inspection systems with neutron image intensifiers, neutron radiography may find greater application in industry. New applications for mobile neutron radiography will be in aircraft inspection, the testing of fibre- reinforced polymers and certain types of ceramics, civil engineering (concrete, natural stone and bricks), corrosion and lubricating investigations. 39098
Berger, H.
Neutron radiographic detection of corrosion Corrosion monitoring in industrial plants using nondestructive testing and electrochemical methods. Proceedings of a symposium, Montreal (Canada), 22-24 Mar. 1984 pp. 5-16. Edited by G.C. Moran and P. Labine. ASTM, 515 pp., 1986. Many nondestructive testing (NDT) methods for corrosion detection depend on the reduced thickness of the component following corrosive attack. This is normally the underlying concept for corrosion detection by NDT methods such as X-radiography, ultrasonics, and eddy currents. For neutron radiography, however, the basis for the detection is the neutron attenuation by the hydrogen in the corrosion product itself. This difference in the approach gives neutron radiography an advantage over many other NDT methods because of the potential for early detection of corrosion, before extensive attack and thinning of the material have occurred. Neutron radiographic methods are reviewed and some initial results are given for corrosion detection in aluminum. 38818
Wrobel, M.; Greim, L.
Resolution functions and unsharpness in neutron radiography GKSS-Forschungszentrum Geesthacht G m b H , Geesthacht (Federal Republic of Germany), GKSS-88/E/12, 28 pp. (1988)
NDT International August 1989