- Email: [email protected]
398 Reconsidering the right hemisphere involvement during language processing: Evidence from MEG and functional MRI
Abstracts
/International
Journal
ing phonological, perceptual, motoric, cognitive, lexical, syntactic, semantic and sensory components. With good quality of writing, hearing impaired children might replace many things they can not realize through hearing. Hearing loss produces problems in writing (poor quality of lexicon, poor quality of sentences, poor semantic level). Such studies provide helpful comparisons in studying the written language of deaf and hard of hearing children. Recently the interest of some investigators has shifted from studying the problems and linguistic structure of writing to studying the basic psychophysiological processes involved in writing. This study investigated the influence of hearing loss on written language production. It examined 120 elementary school pupils; 90 hearing impaired (they were divided into 3 groups - 30 in each) and 30 hearing children (control group). Because of the heterogenity of the deaf pupils, particular effort was devoted to ensuring that each test result was correlated with values for an adequate range of linguistic and other variables (e.g. degree of residual hearing, children’s age, sex, school grades). We looked through their written language production: written samples, sentence length, ability to use equal words, adequate numbers of words. The findings are discussed through tables and graphs. There were significant statistical differences between all of four groups of pupils; between hearing impaired and hearing pupils (P < 0,Ol) and between groups of hearing impaired pupils themselves (P < 0.01).
396 LEVEL OF DEAF CHILD MENT BASED ON RHYTHMICAL
SPEECH DEVELOPSTIMULATION
Z.L. Vujasinovic’, N.D. Dim%*, Z.N. KaSiC* ‘School for Hearing impaired children, Kadivoj Popovic, 11080 Zemun, st. Prizrenska 37, Yugoslavia ‘Faculty of Defectology University of Belgrade, st. Visokog Stevana 2, Belgrade, Yugoslavia
Rhythmical stimulation is part of the rehabilitation of deaf people. The main purpose is to make a good influence in speech, auditory perception and psycho-social-emotional development of deaf people through play and movement and body impulse. The task is to make hearing impaired children feel free of any articulation effort so they can have more possibilities for school subjects learning, understanding and spontaneous speaking. Seventy pre-school and school age children- divided into 2 groups (first group of children with rhythmical stimulations, and second group of children without rhythmical stimulations) were examined. The results show out that rhythmical structure use influences both - order and belonging to group (P < 0.01). In identification of perception and speech semantics reproduction there are significant statistic differences (P < 0.01) toward rhythmical having. There are
of Psychophysiology
30 (1998)
95-271
153
significant statistical differences in using and memorising spontaneous speech in present rhythmical stimulation (P < 0.01). There are significant statistical differences in child motor development and in child motor activities - in all who use rhythmical stimulation (P < 0.01). Comparing groups and following through on successful tests we can conclude that using rhythmical stimulation can influence the quality of phoneme language structure acception, identification perception and reproduction of speech semantics; using and memorising speech material; child motor development and child motor activities. At the same time, we are developing a stable emotional deaf person and social person. So, working, towards body structure’ with synthesis of phoneme quality and movement through rhythmical structure and play, we are working on speech development and we are going through it.
397 SPEECH AND TONGUE MOBILITY PROBLEMS AS A CONSEQUENCE OF ORAL CARCINOMA RESECTIONS N.D. DimiC’, V.S. Konstantinovic’ ‘Faculty of Defectology, University of Belgrade, Dr Ivana Ribara 147, Novi Beograd, Belgrade 11070, Yugoslavia ‘Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic, Faculty of Stomatology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Yugoslavia The aim of this study was to determine tongue mobility and speech disorders among similar groups of patients according to the size of the post-excisional defect after oral carcinoma resections. Patients (36) were selected in three groups according to type of reconstruction: 16 were partly reconstructed direct suture and healing by secondary intention; 12 were reconstructed with locally available tissue (local flaps), and 8 patients were reconstructed with pectoralis major myocutaneous (PMMC) flaps Evaluation was done by subjective impression (speech intelligibility), and by objective assessment through Articulation Test and Tongue Mobility Test. Results were statistically analysed. Patients in the PMMC group considered their speech worst, which was in agreement with Articulation Test and Tongue Mobility Test results. Subjective impressions, as well as objective results, suggested that restoration of tongue mobility. which accomplishes better articulation, is essential.
398 RECONSIDERING THE RIGHT HEMISPHERE INVOLVEMENT DURING LANGUAGE PROCESSING: EVIDENCE FROM MEG AND FUNCTIONAL MRI T.R. KnBsche*, M. Meyer, A.D. Friederici, D.Y. von Cramon, B. Mae8
Abstracts
154
/International
Journal
of Psychophysiology
30 (1998)
95-271
Max-Planck-Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Inselstral3e 22-26, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
St. Peterburg State University, Universitetskaya 199034 Russia
When normal subjects are confronted with sentences containing phrase structure violations, two event-related potentials are observed: (1) an early left anterior negativity (ELAN) between 150 and 200 ms after the violation and (2) a centroparietal positive distribution (P600) between 500 and 700 ms. It is, however, not clear which brain regions are responsible for the observed effects. For this purpose, event-related magnetic fields and functional magnetic resonance images were recorded during auditory perception of both syntactically correct and incorrect sentences. Syntactic incorrectness was realized as word category mismatch error. Twenty subjects participated in the MEG study, 10 of which were selected for further analysis according to the signal-to-noise ratio. The signal was recorded with a 148 channel MAGNES-2 whole-helmet magnetometer system (BTi). From the MEG recordings, brain surface current density (BSCD) maps on the surface of a standardized Talairach-based brain model were compute& &ing the minimum norm least squares method. The maps were averaged over subjects, integrated over time windows of 100 ms length, and compared using the paired t-test. Functional magnetic resonance images were recorded in 14 different subjects. Both MEG and functional MRI revealed strong condition-related effects not only in the left, but even stronger in the right hemisphere. With MEG, tarly differences were found (100-200 ms) in temporal regions, possibly superior temporal gyrus (STG) or middle temporal gyrus (MTG). Activity in the frontal cortex, possibly anterior insula, could be seen in both hemispheres, peaking between 300 and 400 ms. Moreover, activity in temporo-parietal regions, maybe supermarginal gyrus (SMG) could be detected in the right hemisphere between 400 and 600 ms. The fMR1 experiment showed temporal (STG, MTG) activity in both hemispheres with considerable condition differences. Although activity of other cortical areas did not reach significance in the group average, anterior insula activity in both hemispheres was found for subjects with high overall activity. It could be shown by two independent methods that language comprehension, and especially activity related to syntactically incorrect input, is not restricted to the left hemisphere. The finding that the hemispheres’ activity differed as a function of the sentence’s incorrectness suggests that the right hemisphere comes into play in particular when strategic aspects of language processing are required.
Recently it was established, that the development of speech generation and perception in infancy proceeds complementary. Probably it is the initial function of vocalization as an acoustic reflection of emotional states which determine the biological bases a language universalities. The purpose of the present study was to define the psychophysiological developmental bases of both general and language-specific features of the speech-like sounds in Russian infants. The tool-making and phonetic analysis of vocalisations of seven healthy normally hearing children, recorded longitudinally during first year of life were carried out. The temporal, spectral and formant characteristics were evaluated by means of a special computer program Coo196. The results indicate a significant variety of phonetic units in infant preverbal vocalizations. Moreover it was revealed, that the initial appearing speech-like elements were similar to those sounds, with accompanying emotional reactions and innate behavioural acts. A spectrographic analysis has shown both similarities and differences (in some aspects) in child vowel-like sounds characteristics and the adult vowel. For example vowel-like [a], [e], [u] during the whole first year of life are characterised by great dispersion in the Fl x F2 plane so its formant frequencies are not the sufficient acoustic correlations of vowel identity. The results indicated that the categorical recognition of such sounds may be based upon fundamental frequency values and spectral maximum amplitudes ratio. As a whole the finding of the study on vowel-like sounds continuum are in line with a view of phonetic repertoire universality on preverbal stage of development. At the same time the inherent character of basic vowel recognition are well-known while the process of infant adaptation from broad initial capacities to language-specific phonetic production and perception are still unknown. Infants’ vowel production continua and their categoric perceptual ability are discussed in “nature versus nurture” problem context. Research is supported by Russian Science Humanitarian Foundation (project N-96-03-041441, Ministry of Education grant for Humanitarian Sciences “N 92”.
399 CATEGORICAL PERCEPTION SPEECH-LIKE SOUNDS IN INFANTS
G.A. Kulikov*, Samokischuk
N.G.
Andreeva,
M.I.
PROBLEM
Pavlikova,
Emb. 7/9,
400 CIRCADIAN RHYTHM OF NEUTRAL ENDOPEPTIDASE 24.11 (NEP): EVIDENCE FOR ASSOCIATION WITH VARIANCE OF GLUCOSE AND CONDUCT DISORDERS
AND
A.P.
M. Huss*, G. Kunkel, U. Lehmkuhl Charitt Campus Virchow Humboldt University Berlin, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Klinik fuer Kinder-und Jugendpsychiatrie, Platanenallee 23, 14050 Berlin, Germany
/International
Journal
ing phonological, perceptual, motoric, cognitive, lexical, syntactic, semantic and sensory components. With good quality of writing, hearing impaired children might replace many things they can not realize through hearing. Hearing loss produces problems in writing (poor quality of lexicon, poor quality of sentences, poor semantic level). Such studies provide helpful comparisons in studying the written language of deaf and hard of hearing children. Recently the interest of some investigators has shifted from studying the problems and linguistic structure of writing to studying the basic psychophysiological processes involved in writing. This study investigated the influence of hearing loss on written language production. It examined 120 elementary school pupils; 90 hearing impaired (they were divided into 3 groups - 30 in each) and 30 hearing children (control group). Because of the heterogenity of the deaf pupils, particular effort was devoted to ensuring that each test result was correlated with values for an adequate range of linguistic and other variables (e.g. degree of residual hearing, children’s age, sex, school grades). We looked through their written language production: written samples, sentence length, ability to use equal words, adequate numbers of words. The findings are discussed through tables and graphs. There were significant statistical differences between all of four groups of pupils; between hearing impaired and hearing pupils (P < 0,Ol) and between groups of hearing impaired pupils themselves (P < 0.01).
396 LEVEL OF DEAF CHILD MENT BASED ON RHYTHMICAL
SPEECH DEVELOPSTIMULATION
Z.L. Vujasinovic’, N.D. Dim%*, Z.N. KaSiC* ‘School for Hearing impaired children, Kadivoj Popovic, 11080 Zemun, st. Prizrenska 37, Yugoslavia ‘Faculty of Defectology University of Belgrade, st. Visokog Stevana 2, Belgrade, Yugoslavia
Rhythmical stimulation is part of the rehabilitation of deaf people. The main purpose is to make a good influence in speech, auditory perception and psycho-social-emotional development of deaf people through play and movement and body impulse. The task is to make hearing impaired children feel free of any articulation effort so they can have more possibilities for school subjects learning, understanding and spontaneous speaking. Seventy pre-school and school age children- divided into 2 groups (first group of children with rhythmical stimulations, and second group of children without rhythmical stimulations) were examined. The results show out that rhythmical structure use influences both - order and belonging to group (P < 0.01). In identification of perception and speech semantics reproduction there are significant statistic differences (P < 0.01) toward rhythmical having. There are
of Psychophysiology
30 (1998)
95-271
153
significant statistical differences in using and memorising spontaneous speech in present rhythmical stimulation (P < 0.01). There are significant statistical differences in child motor development and in child motor activities - in all who use rhythmical stimulation (P < 0.01). Comparing groups and following through on successful tests we can conclude that using rhythmical stimulation can influence the quality of phoneme language structure acception, identification perception and reproduction of speech semantics; using and memorising speech material; child motor development and child motor activities. At the same time, we are developing a stable emotional deaf person and social person. So, working, towards body structure’ with synthesis of phoneme quality and movement through rhythmical structure and play, we are working on speech development and we are going through it.
397 SPEECH AND TONGUE MOBILITY PROBLEMS AS A CONSEQUENCE OF ORAL CARCINOMA RESECTIONS N.D. DimiC’, V.S. Konstantinovic’ ‘Faculty of Defectology, University of Belgrade, Dr Ivana Ribara 147, Novi Beograd, Belgrade 11070, Yugoslavia ‘Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic, Faculty of Stomatology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Yugoslavia The aim of this study was to determine tongue mobility and speech disorders among similar groups of patients according to the size of the post-excisional defect after oral carcinoma resections. Patients (36) were selected in three groups according to type of reconstruction: 16 were partly reconstructed direct suture and healing by secondary intention; 12 were reconstructed with locally available tissue (local flaps), and 8 patients were reconstructed with pectoralis major myocutaneous (PMMC) flaps Evaluation was done by subjective impression (speech intelligibility), and by objective assessment through Articulation Test and Tongue Mobility Test. Results were statistically analysed. Patients in the PMMC group considered their speech worst, which was in agreement with Articulation Test and Tongue Mobility Test results. Subjective impressions, as well as objective results, suggested that restoration of tongue mobility. which accomplishes better articulation, is essential.
398 RECONSIDERING THE RIGHT HEMISPHERE INVOLVEMENT DURING LANGUAGE PROCESSING: EVIDENCE FROM MEG AND FUNCTIONAL MRI T.R. KnBsche*, M. Meyer, A.D. Friederici, D.Y. von Cramon, B. Mae8
Abstracts
154
/International
Journal
of Psychophysiology
30 (1998)
95-271
Max-Planck-Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Inselstral3e 22-26, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
St. Peterburg State University, Universitetskaya 199034 Russia
When normal subjects are confronted with sentences containing phrase structure violations, two event-related potentials are observed: (1) an early left anterior negativity (ELAN) between 150 and 200 ms after the violation and (2) a centroparietal positive distribution (P600) between 500 and 700 ms. It is, however, not clear which brain regions are responsible for the observed effects. For this purpose, event-related magnetic fields and functional magnetic resonance images were recorded during auditory perception of both syntactically correct and incorrect sentences. Syntactic incorrectness was realized as word category mismatch error. Twenty subjects participated in the MEG study, 10 of which were selected for further analysis according to the signal-to-noise ratio. The signal was recorded with a 148 channel MAGNES-2 whole-helmet magnetometer system (BTi). From the MEG recordings, brain surface current density (BSCD) maps on the surface of a standardized Talairach-based brain model were compute& &ing the minimum norm least squares method. The maps were averaged over subjects, integrated over time windows of 100 ms length, and compared using the paired t-test. Functional magnetic resonance images were recorded in 14 different subjects. Both MEG and functional MRI revealed strong condition-related effects not only in the left, but even stronger in the right hemisphere. With MEG, tarly differences were found (100-200 ms) in temporal regions, possibly superior temporal gyrus (STG) or middle temporal gyrus (MTG). Activity in the frontal cortex, possibly anterior insula, could be seen in both hemispheres, peaking between 300 and 400 ms. Moreover, activity in temporo-parietal regions, maybe supermarginal gyrus (SMG) could be detected in the right hemisphere between 400 and 600 ms. The fMR1 experiment showed temporal (STG, MTG) activity in both hemispheres with considerable condition differences. Although activity of other cortical areas did not reach significance in the group average, anterior insula activity in both hemispheres was found for subjects with high overall activity. It could be shown by two independent methods that language comprehension, and especially activity related to syntactically incorrect input, is not restricted to the left hemisphere. The finding that the hemispheres’ activity differed as a function of the sentence’s incorrectness suggests that the right hemisphere comes into play in particular when strategic aspects of language processing are required.
Recently it was established, that the development of speech generation and perception in infancy proceeds complementary. Probably it is the initial function of vocalization as an acoustic reflection of emotional states which determine the biological bases a language universalities. The purpose of the present study was to define the psychophysiological developmental bases of both general and language-specific features of the speech-like sounds in Russian infants. The tool-making and phonetic analysis of vocalisations of seven healthy normally hearing children, recorded longitudinally during first year of life were carried out. The temporal, spectral and formant characteristics were evaluated by means of a special computer program Coo196. The results indicate a significant variety of phonetic units in infant preverbal vocalizations. Moreover it was revealed, that the initial appearing speech-like elements were similar to those sounds, with accompanying emotional reactions and innate behavioural acts. A spectrographic analysis has shown both similarities and differences (in some aspects) in child vowel-like sounds characteristics and the adult vowel. For example vowel-like [a], [e], [u] during the whole first year of life are characterised by great dispersion in the Fl x F2 plane so its formant frequencies are not the sufficient acoustic correlations of vowel identity. The results indicated that the categorical recognition of such sounds may be based upon fundamental frequency values and spectral maximum amplitudes ratio. As a whole the finding of the study on vowel-like sounds continuum are in line with a view of phonetic repertoire universality on preverbal stage of development. At the same time the inherent character of basic vowel recognition are well-known while the process of infant adaptation from broad initial capacities to language-specific phonetic production and perception are still unknown. Infants’ vowel production continua and their categoric perceptual ability are discussed in “nature versus nurture” problem context. Research is supported by Russian Science Humanitarian Foundation (project N-96-03-041441, Ministry of Education grant for Humanitarian Sciences “N 92”.
399 CATEGORICAL PERCEPTION SPEECH-LIKE SOUNDS IN INFANTS
G.A. Kulikov*, Samokischuk
N.G.
Andreeva,
M.I.
PROBLEM
Pavlikova,
Emb. 7/9,
400 CIRCADIAN RHYTHM OF NEUTRAL ENDOPEPTIDASE 24.11 (NEP): EVIDENCE FOR ASSOCIATION WITH VARIANCE OF GLUCOSE AND CONDUCT DISORDERS
AND
A.P.
M. Huss*, G. Kunkel, U. Lehmkuhl Charitt Campus Virchow Humboldt University Berlin, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Klinik fuer Kinder-und Jugendpsychiatrie, Platanenallee 23, 14050 Berlin, Germany