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3D MAPS: Three-dimensional mechanical assembly planning system
Journal of Manufacturing Systems Volume 12/No. 6
1993 abstract index models, and generation of assembly plans. Both geometric models and nongeometric properties are considered in describing a 3-D assembly design, and the following information is inferred from the system: mating parts, mating faces, mating directions, collision constraints, and nongeometric sequence constraints. The inferred information is then used in the subsequent planning stage for generating detailed assembly instructions. The planning scheme contains two parts: initial assembly planning that considers solely geometric constraints, and plan modification that further considers nongeometric constraints. In this paper, the algorithms developed to implement the above three modules are discussed. Examples of mechanical assemblies are used to illustrate the information flow of the entire planning system, from the assembly design input through the execution of the developed algorithms to the final assembly plant output. Analysis of the results is also included. Keywords: Assembly Planning, CAD/CAM, Solid Modeling, Geometric Reasoning
Fixturing configuration design and analysis is a major concern in the development of automated manufacturing process planning systems. Provided here is a powerful tool to generate optimal fixturing locations for prismatic parts in automated assembly. An integrated approach ensures that the generated fixturing scenario secures the workpart ideally with respect to maximum stiffness, resistance to slip, and stability. An optimization model is built on the foundation of kinematic, force, and robotic grasp analyses. Prismatic parts held in a fixture are considered. Objective functions for rotational and translational perturbations are introduced and analyzed. The optimization is constrained by the kinematic feasibility of the fixturing arrangement. The developed model is especially applicable for computerintegrated manufacturing process planning systems. Keywords: CIM, Automatic Flexible Assembly, Fixturing Automation, Optimization
Simulation-Based Manufacturing Accounting for Modern Management, Y. Son, pp. 417-427 Conventional cost accounting fails to provide manufacturers with reliable cost information due to inability of counting the intangible cost, inaccuracy in calculating overhead, and failure in predicting lifecycle costs. Therefore, manufacturers who consider factory automation have only two choices: either resort to erroneous cost systems only to make wrong decisions, or ignore accounting numbers only to make risky decisions. This paper develops a simulation-based manufacturing accounting (SBMA) model, an updated cost model for modern manufacturing management. Unlike traditional backward and a posteriori accounting, which backtracks historical costs for product costing, SBMA is forward and a priori accounting, which actively traces in real time the dynamic cost drivers (whether tangible or intangible) and predicts lifecycle costs through computer simulation. Therefore, SBMA can make significant contributions to manufacturing performance analysis, capital expenditure analysis, and manufacturing strategy assessment. Further, SBMA can complement existing product costing methods. Keywords: Simulation-Based Manufacturing Accounting; Costing Intangibles; Productivity, Quality, and Flexibility; Factory Automation; Economic Justification; Manufacturing Strategy
Multivariable Effects on an Automatic Screw-Torquing Process, S. Malek, Y. Chiang, and J. Mason, pp. 457-462 Laboratory instrlamentation of an automatic screwfastening process for small screws was successfully set up and tested. Three different sensors were used to measure the force curve, torque curve, and rotating speed of a screwdriver. A programmable horizontal servoslide was taught to do the fastening job. Design of experiments was employed to identify the significant factors that might have an impact on the final torquing process. In addition to the size of screw and workpiece material, screwhead geometry, rotating speed of the driver, and servoslide speed have significant individual effects on the final torquing process. Two 2-factor interactions also influence the final torquing process. When the peak torque of a screw-fastening process falls within a certain range value of the predicted value, it is identified as a sound fastening. Keywords: Automatic Fastening, Peak Torque, Screwdriver, Vacuum Pressure, Screw Size, Coefficient of Friction, Screwhead Geometry, Design of Experiments
Prototype Integrated Robotic Painting System: Software and Hardware Development, S. Suh, J. Lee, Y. Choi, and S. Lee, pp. 463-473 An integrated prototype scheme for robotic painting operations, called an integrated robotic painting system (IRPS), is presented. The IRPS is a unified system in which software and hardware are generically integrated for robot motion planning and control and which can be viewed as an extended robot controller containing an automatic programming feature. Integrated features encompassing part description, automatic trajectory planning, and robot motion control, together with a built-in coordinate measuring machine (CMM) feature, distinguish the IRPS from
Volume 12/Number 6 3D MAPS: Three.Dimensional Mechanical Assembly Planning System, A. Lin and T. Chang, pp. 437-456 3D MAPS, an acronym for 3-Dimensional Mechanical Assembly Planning System, is an automated system that generates detailed assembly plans for three-dimensional mechanical products. It has three major modules: description of mechanical assembly design, analysis of assembly
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1993 abstract index models, and generation of assembly plans. Both geometric models and nongeometric properties are considered in describing a 3-D assembly design, and the following information is inferred from the system: mating parts, mating faces, mating directions, collision constraints, and nongeometric sequence constraints. The inferred information is then used in the subsequent planning stage for generating detailed assembly instructions. The planning scheme contains two parts: initial assembly planning that considers solely geometric constraints, and plan modification that further considers nongeometric constraints. In this paper, the algorithms developed to implement the above three modules are discussed. Examples of mechanical assemblies are used to illustrate the information flow of the entire planning system, from the assembly design input through the execution of the developed algorithms to the final assembly plant output. Analysis of the results is also included. Keywords: Assembly Planning, CAD/CAM, Solid Modeling, Geometric Reasoning
Fixturing configuration design and analysis is a major concern in the development of automated manufacturing process planning systems. Provided here is a powerful tool to generate optimal fixturing locations for prismatic parts in automated assembly. An integrated approach ensures that the generated fixturing scenario secures the workpart ideally with respect to maximum stiffness, resistance to slip, and stability. An optimization model is built on the foundation of kinematic, force, and robotic grasp analyses. Prismatic parts held in a fixture are considered. Objective functions for rotational and translational perturbations are introduced and analyzed. The optimization is constrained by the kinematic feasibility of the fixturing arrangement. The developed model is especially applicable for computerintegrated manufacturing process planning systems. Keywords: CIM, Automatic Flexible Assembly, Fixturing Automation, Optimization
Simulation-Based Manufacturing Accounting for Modern Management, Y. Son, pp. 417-427 Conventional cost accounting fails to provide manufacturers with reliable cost information due to inability of counting the intangible cost, inaccuracy in calculating overhead, and failure in predicting lifecycle costs. Therefore, manufacturers who consider factory automation have only two choices: either resort to erroneous cost systems only to make wrong decisions, or ignore accounting numbers only to make risky decisions. This paper develops a simulation-based manufacturing accounting (SBMA) model, an updated cost model for modern manufacturing management. Unlike traditional backward and a posteriori accounting, which backtracks historical costs for product costing, SBMA is forward and a priori accounting, which actively traces in real time the dynamic cost drivers (whether tangible or intangible) and predicts lifecycle costs through computer simulation. Therefore, SBMA can make significant contributions to manufacturing performance analysis, capital expenditure analysis, and manufacturing strategy assessment. Further, SBMA can complement existing product costing methods. Keywords: Simulation-Based Manufacturing Accounting; Costing Intangibles; Productivity, Quality, and Flexibility; Factory Automation; Economic Justification; Manufacturing Strategy
Multivariable Effects on an Automatic Screw-Torquing Process, S. Malek, Y. Chiang, and J. Mason, pp. 457-462 Laboratory instrlamentation of an automatic screwfastening process for small screws was successfully set up and tested. Three different sensors were used to measure the force curve, torque curve, and rotating speed of a screwdriver. A programmable horizontal servoslide was taught to do the fastening job. Design of experiments was employed to identify the significant factors that might have an impact on the final torquing process. In addition to the size of screw and workpiece material, screwhead geometry, rotating speed of the driver, and servoslide speed have significant individual effects on the final torquing process. Two 2-factor interactions also influence the final torquing process. When the peak torque of a screw-fastening process falls within a certain range value of the predicted value, it is identified as a sound fastening. Keywords: Automatic Fastening, Peak Torque, Screwdriver, Vacuum Pressure, Screw Size, Coefficient of Friction, Screwhead Geometry, Design of Experiments
Prototype Integrated Robotic Painting System: Software and Hardware Development, S. Suh, J. Lee, Y. Choi, and S. Lee, pp. 463-473 An integrated prototype scheme for robotic painting operations, called an integrated robotic painting system (IRPS), is presented. The IRPS is a unified system in which software and hardware are generically integrated for robot motion planning and control and which can be viewed as an extended robot controller containing an automatic programming feature. Integrated features encompassing part description, automatic trajectory planning, and robot motion control, together with a built-in coordinate measuring machine (CMM) feature, distinguish the IRPS from
Volume 12/Number 6 3D MAPS: Three.Dimensional Mechanical Assembly Planning System, A. Lin and T. Chang, pp. 437-456 3D MAPS, an acronym for 3-Dimensional Mechanical Assembly Planning System, is an automated system that generates detailed assembly plans for three-dimensional mechanical products. It has three major modules: description of mechanical assembly design, analysis of assembly
519