- Email: [email protected]
40. Peripheral administration of d -cycloserine, but not norepinephrine, restores appropriate cognitive function following systemic bacterial endotoxin exposure
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Abstracts / Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 32 (2013) e1–e47
predictor of key sleep outcome variables. In patients with acute infections increased HRV was significantly associated with lower levels of C-reactive protein and shorter illness duration. This research confirmed that nocturnal vagal activation facilitates the recuperative effects of sleep and suggests a possible role for vagal activity in recovery from acute infection. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2013.07.051
40. Peripheral administration of D-cycloserine, but not norepinephrine, restores appropriate cognitive function following systemic bacterial endotoxin exposure D. Kranjac, K.M. Koster, M.S. Weintraub, M.J. Eimerbrink, B.M. Womble, B.G. Cooper, M.J. Chumley, G.W. Boehm Texas Christian University, Psychology, 2800 S. University Dr., Fort Worth, TX, 76129, United States Evidence indicates that the ionotropic NMDA and AMPA glutamate neurotransmitter receptors are critically involved in hippocampus-dependent learning and memory processes. Other reports indicate that inflammation attenuates NMDA-dependent LTP, leads to diminished hippocampal NMDAR NR1 subunit and hippocampal BDNF mRNA expression, and results in a decrease in the number of NMDARs within the dentate gyrus. Administration of the NMDA partial agonist D-cycloserine facilitates a faster recovery of recognition memory function and reinstates traumatic brain injury-induced reduction of BDNF in the CA1 subregion of the hippocampus. Affecting a different glutamate receptor, administration of exogenous IL1beta also down-regulates the surface expression and Ser831 phosphorylation of the AMPAR GluR1. Further, this effect is abrogated via blockade of IL-1R by either anti-IL-1beta antibody or IL-1ra. Norepinephrine, binding beta-adrenergic receptors and subsequently activating the PKA and CaMKII pathways, induces transient phosphorylation of Ser831 sites of the GluR1 subunit containing AMPARs. Therefore, for the current studies, we administered peripheral D-cycloserine, or norepinephrine, to explore potential NMDAR/ glycineB-, or AMPAR-mediated restoration of hippocampus-dependent fear conditioning processes following systemic LPS exposure. The results thus far indicate that peripheral administration of Dcycloserine, but not norepinephrine, restores appropriate cognitive function following systemic bacterial endotoxin exposure, though D-cycloserine administration failed to restore hippocampal BDNF expression levels diminished following LPS exposure. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2013.07.052
41. Brain changes in the expression of adrenergic receptors and inflammatory cytokines in response to chronic social stress in mice: Individual differences and implications for the study of stress-related psychopathologies J. Perez Tejada, A. Arregi, A. Azpiroz, E. Gomez-Lazaro, G. Beitia, O. Vegas, L. Garmendia
matory cytokine and a1b and a1a receptors changes in different brain structures, in response to chronic social stress, as well as Individual differences in relation to these physiological variables. Male adult mice were subjected to repeated defeat for 21 days, and two groups, active and passive, were established in accordance with the behavior manifested during the last confrontation. Half of the subjects were sacrificed on day 23. The remainder of the subjects underwent another defeat before sacrifice. Passive subjects showed higher hypothalamic and hippocampal IL-1b expression levels that controls, and higher hypothalamic IL-6 and hippocampal IL-1b levels than active subjects. TNF-a expression levels were reduced in stressed subjects, only in the prefrontal cortex. A high correlation was observed between expression levels of both adrenergic receptors, with differences being found in accordance with the coping strategy adopted. The correlations observed between inflammatory cytokines and adrenergic receptors suggest, with certain limitations, the existence of a relationship between the two systems. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2013.07.053
42. The spatial energy expenditure configuration and possible applications in an experimental model of arthritis S. Klatt, R.H. Straub University Hospital of Regensburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg 93053, Germany Background: Autoimmune responses with differentiation and proliferation of immune cells and the subsequent tissue-directed inflammatory process in the symptomatic phase of the disease are very energy-demanding. We hypothesize that during development of arthritis reallocation of energy-rich fuels to the activated immune system is necessary in order to nourish the immunological and inflammatory process. Energy consumption and ATP generation can be measured by studying oxygen consumption. Methods: A new technique termed ‘‘spatial energy expenditure configuration’’ (SEEC) is based on removal of tissue during the course of arthritis, and subsequent determination of oxygen consumption in vitro. Results: In draining lymph nodes of arthritic DBA/1J mice, we observed a marked increase in oxygen consumption during the course of arthritis. Sympathectomy prior to immunization increases energy consumption in lymph nodes, which is most probably a sign of retention of leucocytes in the lymph node. C57BL/6 mice deficient for the important adipose triglyceride lipase revealed increased oxygen consumption in the liver. This might be due to a lack of lipolysis activity and, therefore, increased gluconeogenetic activity in the liver for the generation of glucose. ATGL-deficient arthritic animals also showed higher energy demand in lymph nodes, adrenal glands, and gut. Conclusions: The SEEC technique enables us to identify locations of high energy demand that are involved in the initiation and continuation of the autoimmune process in an animal model of arthritis. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2013.07.054
Avda Tolosa 70, San Sebastian, Guipuzcoa, 20018, Spain Neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression and posttraumatic stress, have been related to chronic exposure to social stress. Among possible mediators of this relationship are inflammatory cytokines IL-1b, IL-6 and TNF-a and noradrenergic system. Recent findings point to the existence of an interrelationship between inflammatory cytokines and adrenergic receptors. Furthermore, different ways of coping with stress, may determine vulnerability to develop stress-induced pathologies. This study analyzes proinflam-
43. The role of dynamic microglial alterations in stress-induced depression and suppressed neurogenesis T. Kreisel a, M.G. Frank b, T. Licht c, R. Reshef a, M.V. Baratta b, S.F. Maier b, R. Yirmiya a a Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem 91905, Israel b Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 803090345, USA
Abstracts / Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 32 (2013) e1–e47
predictor of key sleep outcome variables. In patients with acute infections increased HRV was significantly associated with lower levels of C-reactive protein and shorter illness duration. This research confirmed that nocturnal vagal activation facilitates the recuperative effects of sleep and suggests a possible role for vagal activity in recovery from acute infection. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2013.07.051
40. Peripheral administration of D-cycloserine, but not norepinephrine, restores appropriate cognitive function following systemic bacterial endotoxin exposure D. Kranjac, K.M. Koster, M.S. Weintraub, M.J. Eimerbrink, B.M. Womble, B.G. Cooper, M.J. Chumley, G.W. Boehm Texas Christian University, Psychology, 2800 S. University Dr., Fort Worth, TX, 76129, United States Evidence indicates that the ionotropic NMDA and AMPA glutamate neurotransmitter receptors are critically involved in hippocampus-dependent learning and memory processes. Other reports indicate that inflammation attenuates NMDA-dependent LTP, leads to diminished hippocampal NMDAR NR1 subunit and hippocampal BDNF mRNA expression, and results in a decrease in the number of NMDARs within the dentate gyrus. Administration of the NMDA partial agonist D-cycloserine facilitates a faster recovery of recognition memory function and reinstates traumatic brain injury-induced reduction of BDNF in the CA1 subregion of the hippocampus. Affecting a different glutamate receptor, administration of exogenous IL1beta also down-regulates the surface expression and Ser831 phosphorylation of the AMPAR GluR1. Further, this effect is abrogated via blockade of IL-1R by either anti-IL-1beta antibody or IL-1ra. Norepinephrine, binding beta-adrenergic receptors and subsequently activating the PKA and CaMKII pathways, induces transient phosphorylation of Ser831 sites of the GluR1 subunit containing AMPARs. Therefore, for the current studies, we administered peripheral D-cycloserine, or norepinephrine, to explore potential NMDAR/ glycineB-, or AMPAR-mediated restoration of hippocampus-dependent fear conditioning processes following systemic LPS exposure. The results thus far indicate that peripheral administration of Dcycloserine, but not norepinephrine, restores appropriate cognitive function following systemic bacterial endotoxin exposure, though D-cycloserine administration failed to restore hippocampal BDNF expression levels diminished following LPS exposure. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2013.07.052
41. Brain changes in the expression of adrenergic receptors and inflammatory cytokines in response to chronic social stress in mice: Individual differences and implications for the study of stress-related psychopathologies J. Perez Tejada, A. Arregi, A. Azpiroz, E. Gomez-Lazaro, G. Beitia, O. Vegas, L. Garmendia
matory cytokine and a1b and a1a receptors changes in different brain structures, in response to chronic social stress, as well as Individual differences in relation to these physiological variables. Male adult mice were subjected to repeated defeat for 21 days, and two groups, active and passive, were established in accordance with the behavior manifested during the last confrontation. Half of the subjects were sacrificed on day 23. The remainder of the subjects underwent another defeat before sacrifice. Passive subjects showed higher hypothalamic and hippocampal IL-1b expression levels that controls, and higher hypothalamic IL-6 and hippocampal IL-1b levels than active subjects. TNF-a expression levels were reduced in stressed subjects, only in the prefrontal cortex. A high correlation was observed between expression levels of both adrenergic receptors, with differences being found in accordance with the coping strategy adopted. The correlations observed between inflammatory cytokines and adrenergic receptors suggest, with certain limitations, the existence of a relationship between the two systems. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2013.07.053
42. The spatial energy expenditure configuration and possible applications in an experimental model of arthritis S. Klatt, R.H. Straub University Hospital of Regensburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg 93053, Germany Background: Autoimmune responses with differentiation and proliferation of immune cells and the subsequent tissue-directed inflammatory process in the symptomatic phase of the disease are very energy-demanding. We hypothesize that during development of arthritis reallocation of energy-rich fuels to the activated immune system is necessary in order to nourish the immunological and inflammatory process. Energy consumption and ATP generation can be measured by studying oxygen consumption. Methods: A new technique termed ‘‘spatial energy expenditure configuration’’ (SEEC) is based on removal of tissue during the course of arthritis, and subsequent determination of oxygen consumption in vitro. Results: In draining lymph nodes of arthritic DBA/1J mice, we observed a marked increase in oxygen consumption during the course of arthritis. Sympathectomy prior to immunization increases energy consumption in lymph nodes, which is most probably a sign of retention of leucocytes in the lymph node. C57BL/6 mice deficient for the important adipose triglyceride lipase revealed increased oxygen consumption in the liver. This might be due to a lack of lipolysis activity and, therefore, increased gluconeogenetic activity in the liver for the generation of glucose. ATGL-deficient arthritic animals also showed higher energy demand in lymph nodes, adrenal glands, and gut. Conclusions: The SEEC technique enables us to identify locations of high energy demand that are involved in the initiation and continuation of the autoimmune process in an animal model of arthritis. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2013.07.054
Avda Tolosa 70, San Sebastian, Guipuzcoa, 20018, Spain Neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression and posttraumatic stress, have been related to chronic exposure to social stress. Among possible mediators of this relationship are inflammatory cytokines IL-1b, IL-6 and TNF-a and noradrenergic system. Recent findings point to the existence of an interrelationship between inflammatory cytokines and adrenergic receptors. Furthermore, different ways of coping with stress, may determine vulnerability to develop stress-induced pathologies. This study analyzes proinflam-
43. The role of dynamic microglial alterations in stress-induced depression and suppressed neurogenesis T. Kreisel a, M.G. Frank b, T. Licht c, R. Reshef a, M.V. Baratta b, S.F. Maier b, R. Yirmiya a a Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem 91905, Israel b Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 803090345, USA