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42. Some notes on problem of electron emission from solid surfaces
Classified
41-55
abstracts
work function magnitude. Characteristics of barium evaporation are also studied. G Ya Pikus and V P Teterya, Zzv Akad Nauk SSSR Ser Fiz, 35 (5), 1971, 1023-1030 (in Russian). 18 processes and oxygen
41. Influence of current withdrawal on activation evaporation from oxide cathodes. (USSR)
It is known that the process of thermal activation of an oxide cathode is accompanied by oxygen evaporation from the coating and that current withdrawal under conditions of good vacuum enhances both oxygen release and activation. To elucidate the mechanism of activation and oxygen evaporation, the dependence of the time of oxide cathode activation on the magnitude of cathode current in the space charge region is investigated. The maximum activity was determined by the disappearance of the pulsed current decay. It is found that the emission decay on withdrawal of direct current is connected with phenomena appearing on surface, in the surface layer, and in the volume of oxide cathode. The external field has no influence on the emission decay. Displacement of mobile acceptors to the surface takes place due to action of an inner field arising from the flow of the cathode current through the coating. Withdrawal of the cathode current increases the concentration of oxygen ions in the surface layer and on the surface, which results in the enhanced evaporation rate of oxygen. The role of electric transport of negative oxygen ions in coating during with drawal of emission current is noted. Yu I Nabokov et al, Izv Akad Nauk SSSR Ser Fiz, 35 (5), 1971, 10171022 (in Russian). 42. Some notes on problem of electron emission
18 from solid surfaces.
(USSR) Some mechanisms of photoelectron and secondary electron emissions are considered. Results of experimental investigation on steel samples irradiated by nitrogen ions in an emission electron microscope are presented. (Germany) P Gorlicb et al, Izv Akad Nauk SSSR Ser Fir, 35 (3), 1971, 649-655 (in Russian). 43. Velocity distribution tures. (Czechoslovakia)
of electrons
emitted
by AI-AI,O,-AI
18 struc-
Volt-ampere characteristics of leakage and emission currents are measured on Al-A&O,-AI sandwich structures prepared by anodic oxidation and evaporation of Al in vacuum at pressure of 2-5 x 10” torr. L Sodomka, Czech JPhys, A 21 (2), 1971, 159-161 (in Czech). 18 44. Investigation of field emission of CdP,. (Germany) The dependence of the field emission current from CdP, on illumination and temperature is investigated. The measured non-linear characteristics are explained by voltage drop formation on the emitter. H Neumann, Exper Tech Phys, 19 (2), 1971,107-l
11 (in German).
18 45. Thermionic emission and emission of ions of alkali metals from (111) face of silicon single crystal. (USSR) Thermionic emission and emission of ions of alkali metals from the (111) face of silicon single crystal are investigated. Experimental results are discussed. G A Zykov and N G Nakbodkin, Zzv Akad Nauk SSSR Ser Fiz, 35 (5), 1971, 107&1074 (in Russian). of ion-electron
angular distributions secondary 6, 10-12, and 3&35 emitted crystal due to of a with the of a retarding technique. Fine angular of secondary coefficient electron refraction, the electron is obtained.
electrons, energies of from (111) face single keV argon beam, are Faraday cylinder the is observed the The dependence the metal-vacuum on
L B Begrambekov Russian).
et al, Fiz Tverd
emission
18 from
46. Anisotropy of angular distribution single crystal niobium. (USSR)
Tela, 13 (2), 1971, 471473
(in
18 47. Temperature dependences of secondary ion-electron emission from Au and Cu single crystals on bombardment with argon ions. (USSR)
Influence
of target
temperature
on the angular
dependences
of
secondary ion-electron emission from copper and gold single crystals, under argon-ion bombardment, is investigated. 0 I Kapusta et al, Fiz Tverd Tela, 13 (2), 1971, 368-372 (in Russian.) 18 48. Energy dependence of ion-electron
emission of crystals.
(USSR) The energy dependence of anisotropy in the coefficient of ion-electron emission of a germanium crystal, bombarded with inert gas ions, is experimentally investigated. Observed patterns in the secondary ionelectron characteristics are explained on a basis of ion channelling in the crystal. Kb Zommerfeldt Russian).
et al, Fiz Tverd
Tela,
13 (3),
1971, 819-823
(in 18
49. Discharge
current in cylindrical gaseous magnetron.
(USSR) It is shown that for strong magnetic fields the formula for the discharge current of a gaseous magnetron is a special case of the formula for a Penning discharge. Sufficient agreement between theoretical and experimental data is demonstrated. G V Smirnitskaya, Vestn Mosk Znst Fiz Astronom, 12 (2), 1971, 18@186 (in Russian). 18 50. Inelastic scattering of electrons and secondary electron emission of dielectrics. (USSR)
The exit depth of true secondary electrons and inelastically reflected electrons and also the role of inelastically reflected electrons and primary electrons in secondary electron emission of LiBr, NaCI, NaBr, KCI, CsCI and CsBr are studied. I M Bronsbteyn and A N Protsenko, Radiotekh Elektron, 16 (2), 1971, 41 l-417 (in Russian). 51. Secondary electron system. (USSR)
resonance
discharge
in
a
18 three-electrode
Conditions for excitation of an ultrahigh frequency secondary electron resonance discharge, in a system of electrodes containing two secondary emitters and one anode, are investigated. An experimental device of stainless steel with efficient secondary emitters of Pd-Ba alloy and evacuated to pressure of 1Om6torr was operated with ultrahigh frequency voltage up to 850 V at frequency of 850 MHz. Yu M Trifonov et al, Radiotekh EIektron, 16 (l), 1971, 166172 (in Russian). 52. Electron-microscopic investigation based on barium scandates. (USSR)
of pressed thermionic
18 emitters
The surface of scandate pressed cathodes was investigated in scanning and transmission electron microscopes. The process of activation of the barium scandate cathode was explored in an emission electron microscope at a pressure of 1O-Btorr. R S Bakhtiyarov and B B Sbisbkin, Radiotekh Elektron, 16 (2), 1971, 45@451
(in Russian).
53. Surface potential emission. (USSR)
of magnesium
fluoride
films
during
18 Malter
The surface potential of MgF, films were measured during the different stages of Malter emission. Experimental results are discussed. L A Serebrov and V L Shmulevicb, 651-653 (in Russian). 54. Emission
Radiotekh
Elektron,
of oxide cathodes in a strong longitudinal
16 (4), 1971, 18 magnetic field.
(USSR) Emission of oxide cathodes in a strong pulsed longitudinal magnetic field, with intensity up to 80 kG, is investigated. It is found that, in the space charge region, no reduction of the emission current due to the magnetic field takes place. In the region of saturated current a strong magnetic field significantly decreases the emission current from the oxide cathodes even in the case of dense coatings. S Rutsbteyn, Radiotekh Elektron, 16 (4), 1971, 648-650 (in Russian). 18 55. Influence of incidence angle of primary electrons on the secondary electron emission of pyrolytic graphite and condensed carbon film. (USSR)
The angular dependence of secondary electron emission characteristics of free layers of carbon with various thickness is investigated. The carbon films were obtained by thermal evaporation of pyrolytic 31
41-55
abstracts
work function magnitude. Characteristics of barium evaporation are also studied. G Ya Pikus and V P Teterya, Zzv Akad Nauk SSSR Ser Fiz, 35 (5), 1971, 1023-1030 (in Russian). 18 processes and oxygen
41. Influence of current withdrawal on activation evaporation from oxide cathodes. (USSR)
It is known that the process of thermal activation of an oxide cathode is accompanied by oxygen evaporation from the coating and that current withdrawal under conditions of good vacuum enhances both oxygen release and activation. To elucidate the mechanism of activation and oxygen evaporation, the dependence of the time of oxide cathode activation on the magnitude of cathode current in the space charge region is investigated. The maximum activity was determined by the disappearance of the pulsed current decay. It is found that the emission decay on withdrawal of direct current is connected with phenomena appearing on surface, in the surface layer, and in the volume of oxide cathode. The external field has no influence on the emission decay. Displacement of mobile acceptors to the surface takes place due to action of an inner field arising from the flow of the cathode current through the coating. Withdrawal of the cathode current increases the concentration of oxygen ions in the surface layer and on the surface, which results in the enhanced evaporation rate of oxygen. The role of electric transport of negative oxygen ions in coating during with drawal of emission current is noted. Yu I Nabokov et al, Izv Akad Nauk SSSR Ser Fiz, 35 (5), 1971, 10171022 (in Russian). 42. Some notes on problem of electron emission
18 from solid surfaces.
(USSR) Some mechanisms of photoelectron and secondary electron emissions are considered. Results of experimental investigation on steel samples irradiated by nitrogen ions in an emission electron microscope are presented. (Germany) P Gorlicb et al, Izv Akad Nauk SSSR Ser Fir, 35 (3), 1971, 649-655 (in Russian). 43. Velocity distribution tures. (Czechoslovakia)
of electrons
emitted
by AI-AI,O,-AI
18 struc-
Volt-ampere characteristics of leakage and emission currents are measured on Al-A&O,-AI sandwich structures prepared by anodic oxidation and evaporation of Al in vacuum at pressure of 2-5 x 10” torr. L Sodomka, Czech JPhys, A 21 (2), 1971, 159-161 (in Czech). 18 44. Investigation of field emission of CdP,. (Germany) The dependence of the field emission current from CdP, on illumination and temperature is investigated. The measured non-linear characteristics are explained by voltage drop formation on the emitter. H Neumann, Exper Tech Phys, 19 (2), 1971,107-l
11 (in German).
18 45. Thermionic emission and emission of ions of alkali metals from (111) face of silicon single crystal. (USSR) Thermionic emission and emission of ions of alkali metals from the (111) face of silicon single crystal are investigated. Experimental results are discussed. G A Zykov and N G Nakbodkin, Zzv Akad Nauk SSSR Ser Fiz, 35 (5), 1971, 107&1074 (in Russian). of ion-electron
angular distributions secondary 6, 10-12, and 3&35 emitted crystal due to of a with the of a retarding technique. Fine angular of secondary coefficient electron refraction, the electron is obtained.
electrons, energies of from (111) face single keV argon beam, are Faraday cylinder the is observed the The dependence the metal-vacuum on
L B Begrambekov Russian).
et al, Fiz Tverd
emission
18 from
46. Anisotropy of angular distribution single crystal niobium. (USSR)
Tela, 13 (2), 1971, 471473
(in
18 47. Temperature dependences of secondary ion-electron emission from Au and Cu single crystals on bombardment with argon ions. (USSR)
Influence
of target
temperature
on the angular
dependences
of
secondary ion-electron emission from copper and gold single crystals, under argon-ion bombardment, is investigated. 0 I Kapusta et al, Fiz Tverd Tela, 13 (2), 1971, 368-372 (in Russian.) 18 48. Energy dependence of ion-electron
emission of crystals.
(USSR) The energy dependence of anisotropy in the coefficient of ion-electron emission of a germanium crystal, bombarded with inert gas ions, is experimentally investigated. Observed patterns in the secondary ionelectron characteristics are explained on a basis of ion channelling in the crystal. Kb Zommerfeldt Russian).
et al, Fiz Tverd
Tela,
13 (3),
1971, 819-823
(in 18
49. Discharge
current in cylindrical gaseous magnetron.
(USSR) It is shown that for strong magnetic fields the formula for the discharge current of a gaseous magnetron is a special case of the formula for a Penning discharge. Sufficient agreement between theoretical and experimental data is demonstrated. G V Smirnitskaya, Vestn Mosk Znst Fiz Astronom, 12 (2), 1971, 18@186 (in Russian). 18 50. Inelastic scattering of electrons and secondary electron emission of dielectrics. (USSR)
The exit depth of true secondary electrons and inelastically reflected electrons and also the role of inelastically reflected electrons and primary electrons in secondary electron emission of LiBr, NaCI, NaBr, KCI, CsCI and CsBr are studied. I M Bronsbteyn and A N Protsenko, Radiotekh Elektron, 16 (2), 1971, 41 l-417 (in Russian). 51. Secondary electron system. (USSR)
resonance
discharge
in
a
18 three-electrode
Conditions for excitation of an ultrahigh frequency secondary electron resonance discharge, in a system of electrodes containing two secondary emitters and one anode, are investigated. An experimental device of stainless steel with efficient secondary emitters of Pd-Ba alloy and evacuated to pressure of 1Om6torr was operated with ultrahigh frequency voltage up to 850 V at frequency of 850 MHz. Yu M Trifonov et al, Radiotekh EIektron, 16 (l), 1971, 166172 (in Russian). 52. Electron-microscopic investigation based on barium scandates. (USSR)
of pressed thermionic
18 emitters
The surface of scandate pressed cathodes was investigated in scanning and transmission electron microscopes. The process of activation of the barium scandate cathode was explored in an emission electron microscope at a pressure of 1O-Btorr. R S Bakhtiyarov and B B Sbisbkin, Radiotekh Elektron, 16 (2), 1971, 45@451
(in Russian).
53. Surface potential emission. (USSR)
of magnesium
fluoride
films
during
18 Malter
The surface potential of MgF, films were measured during the different stages of Malter emission. Experimental results are discussed. L A Serebrov and V L Shmulevicb, 651-653 (in Russian). 54. Emission
Radiotekh
Elektron,
of oxide cathodes in a strong longitudinal
16 (4), 1971, 18 magnetic field.
(USSR) Emission of oxide cathodes in a strong pulsed longitudinal magnetic field, with intensity up to 80 kG, is investigated. It is found that, in the space charge region, no reduction of the emission current due to the magnetic field takes place. In the region of saturated current a strong magnetic field significantly decreases the emission current from the oxide cathodes even in the case of dense coatings. S Rutsbteyn, Radiotekh Elektron, 16 (4), 1971, 648-650 (in Russian). 18 55. Influence of incidence angle of primary electrons on the secondary electron emission of pyrolytic graphite and condensed carbon film. (USSR)
The angular dependence of secondary electron emission characteristics of free layers of carbon with various thickness is investigated. The carbon films were obtained by thermal evaporation of pyrolytic 31