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4334533 Breathing method and apparatus for simulating high altitude conditions
A plurality of elongated hollow, circular, foraminous substantially vertical tubes contiguously stacked transversely to the direction flowing liquid such as waste water containing foreign matter, i.e., settable solids and free oil, in a coalescer-separator apparatus provide a filter body providing for significant surface area contact by the liquid on both inside and outside surfaces of the tubes to entrap the foreign matter but defining substantially vertical passages permitting the entrapped foreign matter to be gravity separated with the lighter matter coalescing and floating upwardly and the heavier matter settling downwardly so that substantially clarified effluent flows from the apparatus. The stacked tube filter body is contained within an insulated closed container of a sufficient capacity, and the arrays of holes in the tube walls are coordinated with respect to the intended volumetric capacity of the apparatus, so that turbulence in the liquid flowing through the filter body is minimized.
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Lead is separated from material containing lead sulfide, e.g. galena ore concentrate, by a substantially autogenous process involving establishing a pool of molten lead in a kettle, adding a metallic alkali metal, e.g. metallic sodium, to the molten lead in an amount sufficient to reduce the combined lead of the lead sulfide to metallic lead, adding the ore concentrate to the molten lead pool, and mixing together the metallic sodium, molten lead and ore concentrate. The sodium reacts rapidly and exothermically with the lead sulfide to reduce the combined lead of the lead sulfide to metallic lead and form sodium sulfide. The thus-liberated metallic lead reports in the molten lead pool, and a matte phase containing the sodium sulfide separates from the molten lead and forms on the surface of the molten lead pool. Lead sulfide from an excess of the ore concentrate, or other suitable added flux, which is usually added to the molten lead pool, serves to flux the sodium sulfide-containing matte phase to attain desired fluid and low melting characteristics of the matte phase. The process herein employs a kettle as the reactor, ordinarily the steel refining kettle of a lead refinery, is a low temperature process requiring temperatures above the melting point of lead but ordinarily not above 650 degrees C., and does not discharge polluting SO2 into the atmosphere.
43M5~ BREATHING METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SIMULATING HIGH ALTITUDE CONDITIONS M L Henkin,
\ 8o
./ 14
An improved breathing method and apparatus for enabling a user, while at a first altitude, e.g. sea level, to experience higher altitude conditions. The apparatus includes an inspiratory tube and an expiratory tube and means for mixing a portion of oxygenreduced expired air with ambient air to supply air for inspiration. The first ends of the inspiratory and expiratory tubes are coupled to the users airway through a user breathing means. The remote end of the expiratory tube is coupled through a (carbon dioxide) CO2 absorber canister to an air storage reservoir. The remote end of the inspiratory tube is also cou01ed through a CO2 absorber can-
4333835 VERTICAL TUBE LIQUID POLLUTANT SEPARATORS W M Lynch, assigned to ~
/-\
Industries Inc
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i iii
ister to the reservoir for pulling oxygenreduced air therefrom. The user breathing means includes a selectively dimensioned orifice to the environment so that on expiration, a predetermined portion of the user's expired air is exhausted to the environment while the remainder passes through CO2 absorber material into the reservoir. On in-
spiration, air stored in the reservoir is pulled through CO2 absorber material and combined with ambient air pulled into the breathing means through the orifice. Different size orifices can be utilized to simulate different altitudes.
For information about PATSEARCHTM and VIDEO PATSEARCHTM: Pergamon International Pergamon InfoLine Pergamon Press Information Corporation Limited Canada Ltd 1340 Old Chain Bridge Road 12 Vandy Street McLean, Virginia 22101 London EC2A 2DE USA England Telephone (703) 442-0900 Telephone:(01) 377 4650 Telex: 90-1811 Telex: 8814614 Patent Section Editors: Pergamon Press, Inc. Maxwell House Fairview Park Elmsford, New York 10523
iv
150 Consumers Road Suite 104 Willowdale, Ontario Canada M2J 1P9 Telephone: (416) 497-8337 Telex: 065-25460
Pergamon Press Ltd. Headington Hill Hall Oxford OX3 0BW England
(
Lead is separated from material containing lead sulfide, e.g. galena ore concentrate, by a substantially autogenous process involving establishing a pool of molten lead in a kettle, adding a metallic alkali metal, e.g. metallic sodium, to the molten lead in an amount sufficient to reduce the combined lead of the lead sulfide to metallic lead, adding the ore concentrate to the molten lead pool, and mixing together the metallic sodium, molten lead and ore concentrate. The sodium reacts rapidly and exothermically with the lead sulfide to reduce the combined lead of the lead sulfide to metallic lead and form sodium sulfide. The thus-liberated metallic lead reports in the molten lead pool, and a matte phase containing the sodium sulfide separates from the molten lead and forms on the surface of the molten lead pool. Lead sulfide from an excess of the ore concentrate, or other suitable added flux, which is usually added to the molten lead pool, serves to flux the sodium sulfide-containing matte phase to attain desired fluid and low melting characteristics of the matte phase. The process herein employs a kettle as the reactor, ordinarily the steel refining kettle of a lead refinery, is a low temperature process requiring temperatures above the melting point of lead but ordinarily not above 650 degrees C., and does not discharge polluting SO2 into the atmosphere.
43M5~ BREATHING METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SIMULATING HIGH ALTITUDE CONDITIONS M L Henkin,
\ 8o
./ 14
An improved breathing method and apparatus for enabling a user, while at a first altitude, e.g. sea level, to experience higher altitude conditions. The apparatus includes an inspiratory tube and an expiratory tube and means for mixing a portion of oxygenreduced expired air with ambient air to supply air for inspiration. The first ends of the inspiratory and expiratory tubes are coupled to the users airway through a user breathing means. The remote end of the expiratory tube is coupled through a (carbon dioxide) CO2 absorber canister to an air storage reservoir. The remote end of the inspiratory tube is also cou01ed through a CO2 absorber can-
4333835 VERTICAL TUBE LIQUID POLLUTANT SEPARATORS W M Lynch, assigned to ~
/-\
Industries Inc
:°
i iii
ister to the reservoir for pulling oxygenreduced air therefrom. The user breathing means includes a selectively dimensioned orifice to the environment so that on expiration, a predetermined portion of the user's expired air is exhausted to the environment while the remainder passes through CO2 absorber material into the reservoir. On in-
spiration, air stored in the reservoir is pulled through CO2 absorber material and combined with ambient air pulled into the breathing means through the orifice. Different size orifices can be utilized to simulate different altitudes.
For information about PATSEARCHTM and VIDEO PATSEARCHTM: Pergamon International Pergamon InfoLine Pergamon Press Information Corporation Limited Canada Ltd 1340 Old Chain Bridge Road 12 Vandy Street McLean, Virginia 22101 London EC2A 2DE USA England Telephone (703) 442-0900 Telephone:(01) 377 4650 Telex: 90-1811 Telex: 8814614 Patent Section Editors: Pergamon Press, Inc. Maxwell House Fairview Park Elmsford, New York 10523
iv
150 Consumers Road Suite 104 Willowdale, Ontario Canada M2J 1P9 Telephone: (416) 497-8337 Telex: 065-25460
Pergamon Press Ltd. Headington Hill Hall Oxford OX3 0BW England