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4398917 Process for the preparation of fuel pellets
378
PATENT ABSTKACT S
4398920
4396402
BLENDED FUELS CONTAINING BUTYL ALCOHOL ACETONE AND METHANOL
GAS PRODUCTION BY ACCELERATED BIOLEACHING OF ORGANIC MATERIALS
Jean-Claud Guibet, Jean-Paul Vandecasteele, Saint Germain en Laye, France assigned to Institut Francais du Petrole
A blended fuel comprising (a) a gasoline, a gas oil or a fuel oil; (b) a mixture of butanol and acetone, optionally also containing isopropanol and/or ethanol; and (c) methanol; the mixture (b) being producible by fermentation era hydro}ysate obtained by hydrolyzing a cellulosic substrate by means of cellulolytic enzymes prepared by fermentation of a suitable organism such as bacteria of the Clostridium genus or fungi of the Sporotrichum, Polyporus, Penicillium, Fusarium. Myrothecium or Triehoderma genera.
4398917 PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF FUEL PELLETS Charles J Reilly
A simple and efficient process is provided for the preparation of fnel pellets comprised of in whole orin part, a modified cellulosic material. By contacting a cellulosic material with certain enzymes, such as cellulase, the cellulose structure is modified so that the material flows more easily and therefore less energy need be expended in formation of the pellets. Hence, higher production is obtained by increased input and output to and from the pellet mill. Moreover, the pelletizing die itself is subjected to less abrasion and hence has a longer life.
Sambhunat Ghosh assigned to Institute of Gas Technology
A process for gas production and accelerated biolcaching of organic materials by acid forming bacteria in beds of organic solids, such as landfills, passing the leachate of hydrolysis and liquefaction products of microbial action of the microorganisms with the organic material to an add phase digest/on zone to regenerate an activated culture o f acid forming microorganisms for recirculation to the bioleaching zone. The supe~atant from the acid phase digestion zone may be passed to a methane phase digestion zone operated under conditions to produce methane rich gas. The supernatant from the methane phase digestion zone containing nutrients for the add forming microorganisms and added sewage sludge or other desired nutrient materials may be circulated to the acid phase digestion zone or to the bioleaching zone. Low Btu gas is withdrawn from the acid phase digestion zone while high Btu gas is withdrawn from the methane phase digestion zone and may be upgraded for use in SNG. The process of this invention is applicable to small as well as large beds of organic solids, such as waste landfills, provides simultaneous disposal of municipal solid waste and sewage sludge or other aqueous organic waste in a landfill which may be stabilized much more quickly than an uncontrolled landfill as presently utilized.
PATENT ABSTKACT S
4398920
4396402
BLENDED FUELS CONTAINING BUTYL ALCOHOL ACETONE AND METHANOL
GAS PRODUCTION BY ACCELERATED BIOLEACHING OF ORGANIC MATERIALS
Jean-Claud Guibet, Jean-Paul Vandecasteele, Saint Germain en Laye, France assigned to Institut Francais du Petrole
A blended fuel comprising (a) a gasoline, a gas oil or a fuel oil; (b) a mixture of butanol and acetone, optionally also containing isopropanol and/or ethanol; and (c) methanol; the mixture (b) being producible by fermentation era hydro}ysate obtained by hydrolyzing a cellulosic substrate by means of cellulolytic enzymes prepared by fermentation of a suitable organism such as bacteria of the Clostridium genus or fungi of the Sporotrichum, Polyporus, Penicillium, Fusarium. Myrothecium or Triehoderma genera.
4398917 PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF FUEL PELLETS Charles J Reilly
A simple and efficient process is provided for the preparation of fnel pellets comprised of in whole orin part, a modified cellulosic material. By contacting a cellulosic material with certain enzymes, such as cellulase, the cellulose structure is modified so that the material flows more easily and therefore less energy need be expended in formation of the pellets. Hence, higher production is obtained by increased input and output to and from the pellet mill. Moreover, the pelletizing die itself is subjected to less abrasion and hence has a longer life.
Sambhunat Ghosh assigned to Institute of Gas Technology
A process for gas production and accelerated biolcaching of organic materials by acid forming bacteria in beds of organic solids, such as landfills, passing the leachate of hydrolysis and liquefaction products of microbial action of the microorganisms with the organic material to an add phase digest/on zone to regenerate an activated culture o f acid forming microorganisms for recirculation to the bioleaching zone. The supe~atant from the acid phase digestion zone may be passed to a methane phase digestion zone operated under conditions to produce methane rich gas. The supernatant from the methane phase digestion zone containing nutrients for the add forming microorganisms and added sewage sludge or other desired nutrient materials may be circulated to the acid phase digestion zone or to the bioleaching zone. Low Btu gas is withdrawn from the acid phase digestion zone while high Btu gas is withdrawn from the methane phase digestion zone and may be upgraded for use in SNG. The process of this invention is applicable to small as well as large beds of organic solids, such as waste landfills, provides simultaneous disposal of municipal solid waste and sewage sludge or other aqueous organic waste in a landfill which may be stabilized much more quickly than an uncontrolled landfill as presently utilized.