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46. Some observations about the dimethyl sulfoxide permeation in tissues of dog kidney during perfusion
ANNUAL
MEETING
lious" 't.itre (varia.Me) w e r e irnportant factors, I)MSO tr, atmen~ sigriifi,e~mtly shortened the laten l~ p(:rio(l of tim leukemia, permitl,ing death to occur (:loser to {,ht: time seen in Con(,rols; this wa~ paralleled in a. smallc:r series with A C T H and dexa~n(:l.has(m(,; DMSO, in some series, afforded t,akes as i,,igl~ ..is 93%, TheSe rCs~tlts llltty diminish del:,tm(l(:llee UpOlt inbr(:d animals for L=C/NB leuk~,n~ia stu(lies. IN, rft~slon o f the l l a b b i t K i d n e y . .l).~w.~l) E. 171~(;(~~aND JOIIN ].~'.~am,'~N'r.(Westminster M(:dieaJ School, Londo~b and {Jm National Institute for Medical Researcl~, Mill Hill, London, Engla n(i), Perf,~sion of isolated rabbit kMneys at +37°C has bc(,n studi,,'d, as a preliminary to e.xi~criments involving Cooling and the introd~tetion of. protective sohttes, It was four:d that raM,fit kidneys perfused with vonvent.ional salt~ solutions al, physiological flow rnles developed a Mgh vascuiar resistance "rod i)',eam~:~ (;:hmmto~s. Three factors involved in the I)ro(tu('tiolt, Of tlms':~ (:flecks h'tve been defined: th,:s(.~, arc the Presence of solid particles in the l)erfusion ttuM, tl-,~ de.tailed compositiott of t h e I;,.'.rfusion fluM, and tim perfusion flow rate. Whe, n lmrliel(.'s were excluded by ,','onl.imious filtrution, t l~,,, VIISCIllliI" rosisl,an(.'.e was (iependonf, ort the. concm~l,rnl,ion of colloid in tim lmrfusal,e and on flow ra.l,c; if l,he Colloid coneentrati~m exceeded a eritical lower limit, the resist.ance was substant, ia.lly const, a.n~ ql, /lows exceeding 4 ml per rain. The ,levelot)n~enl; of edmmr wns monitored by continuous weighing of the perfus,)d kidney, and this was also forum to l)e del:)endent; on colloid eonccnt.,ratiot~ ,~nd ./.low rttte. II; ]~as proved to be much mort:. ,.Iitllm~l~ to maintain orga.rt weight within normal limits, altl)ough prolonged f,::,rfusion with mininaal c'(lmngt is possible if subl)hysiologieal th:)w r ' t t t~s. a.lr e (Hfl ploye(l. In
Vitro
45. Dimcqhyl S u l f o x i d e T r a n s p o r t i n the I~olaled P e r f u s e d Kidney. J. F,uma~T, ]D. F. C. Iu~s,* a n d D. ])'. P~,mo. (National. Institute for Medieal ])~eseareh, Mill .fIill, and Wesl~minster ltost)it;al, London, England), One possiMe approach, to the problem of org/tll In'es(~rval:i(m is in t.he development, of met, hods of increasing the c0ncenl;ration, of a. prot, eetive nonelec,trolyte by perfusion 'it, low temperatures. As a firsl.; sl,ep l,h e transport; of trace amounts of-,dimethyl sulfoxMe-S '~ (DMSO-S "~) has beet~ s¢:udied at + 3 7 ° C . I s o l a t e d rabbit kidneys were perfused with cell-free solut,ions containing high[melemflar v,'eigl~b' dextran, under Conditions deggned . to maintah~ lmrfusion.pressure; kidney weight, and vascular resistance at eonstnnl; levels, After.loading
373
ABSTRACTS
wit,h I)MSO-S "~, ~ohe lddneys were perfused with the same solution withouG the tracer, and the aetivit,y in the venous effluent was measured using a liquid Sdnt;illat,imt technique. The kinetics of DMSO-S :~ eftlux could be represented 'is the sum of t h r e e expommtial eomI:,onents t,he slopes and intercepts of which were eah:ulatcd using a digital c0mputer..Tlmse data was compared with di.ffel'eI:lt configurations of three compartment models using bolh analytical solutions and analogue eomput, ation in an atl..ernptto find the rate eonst:ants and eomparmeut volumes that were biologically relevant,,. The quantitative date's, obtained will be presented as the essential informal:ion needed before studies of ])MSO transporl~ are made at: lower t.emlmratur¢,s aad in. tlm presence o,f osmotic, presSHrO e h , q l l g e s ,
4.6. Some Observalh)ns a b o u t the D i m e l b y / S u | f o x i d c P e r m e a t i o n in Tissues o f D o g Kidh e y, d u r i n g " " I. W'. ])..t-It!,, ~NpErSOn, ~" Per fusl,m,-' I. g. BWKJS, , ~ t'a.m¢i,A EDw,uu)s (~,(IcGill Uniwwsity Su:'gical Clinic, Montreal General I-Iospital, Mon~r,,:al, Canada). It is now .generally recognized that for optimum freeze prot, ect;ion, cryophylactie agents have ~o l~(.Im.,m. ,fully the i.nt,racc,lhllar space of respective organs. Some conditions which may regulate the equilibra(ion of dimcqhyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with int, racellular water in dog kidneys during peril.> sion ha,re. been investigated. Canine kidneys, imme(liateiy after removat fi'om ammals, were perfused wit.l~ 10 and 20% DMbO-C in saline a t different temperature and perfusion rates, Aliquots of efItuent from the kidney were colle(.tc.~d at, specified, time inlervals and their specific radioactivi.t,y (counts per milliliter) assayed. The p()in'~ ,t.t; which the radioactivity of.etttuent returns to that 0f inImti radioactivity.has been assumed as an indicator l;ha~ a steady state dist, ribution of D M S O in kidnev tlsmm-has been atta, ined. Afterwards pieces: of k i d n e y eortcx and medulla were removed, the Dl ~SO ext,raeted wit!~ 50% cthan'ol, nnd the r-t , h.~actl~lt3 7, , ' " 5 per u n i t weight of we t, ti ssl .....le ",,u..sa~,~'e (-1. I t . - h a s b e } m found :t;lia!, afl, er perfusion, Mdney weight increased l)y. some,. 5%, Using 300!m! per hr perfusion rate, t h e steady stalte eqmhbrm:.between inpul, ant'~ eftlux radioactivity were attained in,::15 ~,o 20 rain at room temperature and in ;some 30 rain in ice. With I00 ml per hr perfusiorirate the equilibria were al;tained some 10 min later. '£he concentral:ion, of .DMSO in t h e tissues, howcv:er, •mmunt),.,1 only to about 60% of the-c0ncentration in. pro'fusion • ~tuid, whcr~ c,'flculated on basis of '
•
"
. " '~
"
1.I,
':' Supl~orted by a grafit frmn the Medicai Research Council of Canada.
374
.ixN.iN I,.YAL M E / g T I N C I ABS.q. R A C I,>
80% total water content~ of kidney tissue. Such results indicate thai, only p.u't, of (.issue water is free for the equilibration with the D M S O in the. pc'rfus,~.t.e.
47, M a i u l e n a n c e o f Conllnl~ons ( ] o n l r a c l l o n s o f ~ a m m a | i a n ] | c a r t s at |[ypoflu.q'lnic T(,.mperao t u r e s ( 2 0 ° C ) ( M o i , ' i e ) . VglcXoN P. P~,:uuY, Tnl.:o1.)()|I1"] ~[, ~'IALiNIN, C. ~k. IANI)IIERGII, ANI) Gt;:RAI.,II t [ . ~;[OUEt{.
Exaniina/ion of lilt, cos of myoeardiunl, removed froin l)tllsaliil~g llem'l, showed il:lhiiin~.lI Mt..m'iltio.iis in thl.., archil,(,ctan'e, My('wiu'di;tl fib<,rs of ]lc)ftrls wlliclJ st(qlpe.d l)ulsalJllgwi:re widely ~:-:el)ai'ul.ed 1)3' distlended interslltial space)s, showed fracturing, con iuine(l condensed l.,rol;eiil lll'l.i.erj~al, und sliow~,d aiJol'rulioll irt (]istl'illilt/Ol/ of l;>ylollil:lOlJhy]ic ltl;lt.(;i'ill 1. 49. C r y o l o l e r a n c e o f the R a t lleart.- I.{I,.NDItI..b. B. l:l..xiiXl~li (.l)(q)arlmei~t, of Surgery.," Saml,'," "t,ouls" I , m c c r s l t y , St. Louis, Missouri ), A s..ilnfde 1.ee]mirnm }m.s t)e(;n u,sed for study of.tim m a n y variaMes involved in orgttn t'reeT,itlg. Albi.u,:) rats nre nnestl.u::lized intral)eritoneatly, t,lle ;tbdolm~n ()l.~ene(l, a~M l..he artimul oxsallgtjinat¢:d through atl ,t.)rt.lc ea:tllntlla, into ,t heparinize~l syringe. The chest, is Ol.~enetl and the~ heart, and ttzI!g S q u i c k l y excised in continuil,y with ('anmflni..itm of t},.; asC.~:!ll(li!]g ~101"[~t., tl',ql3S~..,ct,lOll of iJ)e. ptl]monarv., ,tJ ' . . . .t.~.13, ,'" qnd v,:,nling of t:}l(., left ventrich:,. _in.: myov~lnliltm IS • l ')""lfll~Ul] "" " %Vi{ll. 1{~]1("~ [tL'4{> solilli0ti ' nnd [Oll.l[d.~l'fl.l,{ll'{.' ._ manipulat:ioll,,s ar~, .mll(.d . . . . " ' olit . T h e l,,art is iperfttse~l witli l;he hal c ,•,.xt ,,~ , . (-i , Mood. at, '3~'°"'v.,.R e t u r n of. ;nusc'.l(~ acl,ivi~y is grnded on n, ,,~(.ah:: of 0 lc-, ~.1. .Ovor .iS0 perfusi,:ms have l)e.(..ll.,' ] ) e r . f o r l l l e [ [ wit,h l,he following results: I) llllltreal;ed he/trts l T S l l l l l f t vigoroli8~ sylIchl'ollolls co!l{l'}Ict, iG'Ils aft:er pt.,rf:~sio~) wit:h ! 1.o 2 )ill (;if blood; 2) lac/,<+ii..ed l{il;ig,<~r's ,~ohitioll (LI;{.) is [)ollx;r ,,is" lt }'.),I,A(,S"l)(~rftlSillg 111(?(7ii1111 tJlan elinieM ,'|oxt..rttil; a) i~ vohlllte {.'if l , R " w i l h , i'""' ) l'f: diu:lethvl su|foxidl.? (])),,J.~!j()) -eqtlival(.ili~ 1o 13 l'iiiles tile Weight of the" heart, is well tolerul;od : 4) 20% -I)MSO in ]_/[/. is I1oi, qtlil;e us well tolerate
The CO), Orgii!lS eglll ],)C' lll!lint:iiliOd 011 Lhis 'tpt:,'lra{,us for l)(.:riods of s ( , . v e . , r a [ ]lOJ.lrs (.o several days willi varying degrees of suceess as measured by currenl; in. vitro us~ay methods. The movie describes tho tecliniques eniployc~d for itte isohtt.ioii. ,,),:t~tl ,.~annlihition, and the i'estllt..s ohio:lined with over 200 perh sion studies of the Ili()ll],x,y heart. The Inovio.i]htsi.rates tlm el'feet of 1.)(:rfusion :tt 20eC ~,n(! .the effe(:i:, of tluid ehni~ges on t..ho cont.ractiie rate of the perfl.ised isol,t(:e.(1 lriOlike.y Ill)Ill't, The lllOViO will also d(~scribo a' imw ~illlp]lficd, 111oro. lh:xible ,'tlid. (!('.Oll(.)litiCii[ ])~';rfilsiOil ltt)|)Rl'ti I; tlS.
48. lllsiologlcal Ollscrvations oil l l e a r l s Perf u s e d ,at. H y p o t l l c r m i c T e m p e r a t u r e s . TIn,:0ilor¢i,; [. ~'~[JL'/NIN aNl) VEllNON P. PF,iiliY (Biorrmdienl ]l(~soal'ch ],a.I)orltl:ory, Anlorie+all ]?ol.lridaLion fo," Biological .[to.searcli, " Rocky ill% M
g
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'
'l
,*
.
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-
,,
,
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~
Whole Organ Perfusion and Storage 50. ~[¢labolic C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of Ihe I s o l a t e d P r i m a t e B r a i n at.. P r o f o u n d Hypolhermie L'evc'le. a~ RomaitT J. I'V,HT~:... Iaut~rcl., S. ALm~', I)av:m Y a s ~ ~'O,*- a~D ~.,,_ ,,,:,.~-,,.., .DAvjDsoN~ (Divir?rr,-,~,.,.-, sion of Neurosurgery, C l e v e h m d . M e t r o p o l i t a n General J!tTospital,. a n d Western I~.c...c.i ,s,. ~,,c Universit.y Seho.)l of Medicine, Clevehmd, Ohio) 4"
.
.~"
*
" ~ o.stlgatmns '' " " , ln~ of cerebral met,M:)olJsm n.t low temperatm'es }m.ve been" compromised by the [n.
sita
~ S u p p o r t o d by g,,,a)~Is from the U. S. Public ]:lTea!th Sorv i(.e ( It 1.,-o2,t9 an d .H L-06319, ). "~ ' '-'" ,.. S u p p' o. r. .t .e d t)v Gza.nt, NB-03850 from the N a tionrd I.nst,.itutesof I-.{ealth.
MEETING
lious" 't.itre (varia.Me) w e r e irnportant factors, I)MSO tr, atmen~ sigriifi,e~mtly shortened the laten l~ p(:rio(l of tim leukemia, permitl,ing death to occur (:loser to {,ht: time seen in Con(,rols; this wa~ paralleled in a. smallc:r series with A C T H and dexa~n(:l.has(m(,; DMSO, in some series, afforded t,akes as i,,igl~ ..is 93%, TheSe rCs~tlts llltty diminish del:,tm(l(:llee UpOlt inbr(:d animals for L=C/NB leuk~,n~ia stu(lies. IN, rft~slon o f the l l a b b i t K i d n e y . .l).~w.~l) E. 171~(;(~~aND JOIIN ].~'.~am,'~N'r.(Westminster M(:dieaJ School, Londo~b and {Jm National Institute for Medical Researcl~, Mill Hill, London, Engla n(i), Perf,~sion of isolated rabbit kMneys at +37°C has bc(,n studi,,'d, as a preliminary to e.xi~criments involving Cooling and the introd~tetion of. protective sohttes, It was four:d that raM,fit kidneys perfused with vonvent.ional salt~ solutions al, physiological flow rnles developed a Mgh vascuiar resistance "rod i)',eam~:~ (;:hmmto~s. Three factors involved in the I)ro(tu('tiolt, Of tlms':~ (:flecks h'tve been defined: th,:s(.~, arc the Presence of solid particles in the l)erfusion ttuM, tl-,~ de.tailed compositiott of t h e I;,.'.rfusion fluM, and tim perfusion flow rate. Whe, n lmrliel(.'s were excluded by ,','onl.imious filtrution, t l~,,, VIISCIllliI" rosisl,an(.'.e was (iependonf, ort the. concm~l,rnl,ion of colloid in tim lmrfusal,e and on flow ra.l,c; if l,he Colloid coneentrati~m exceeded a eritical lower limit, the resist.ance was substant, ia.lly const, a.n~ ql, /lows exceeding 4 ml per rain. The ,levelot)n~enl; of edmmr wns monitored by continuous weighing of the perfus,)d kidney, and this was also forum to l)e del:)endent; on colloid eonccnt.,ratiot~ ,~nd ./.low rttte. II; ]~as proved to be much mort:. ,.Iitllm~l~ to maintain orga.rt weight within normal limits, altl)ough prolonged f,::,rfusion with mininaal c'(lmngt is possible if subl)hysiologieal th:)w r ' t t t~s. a.lr e (Hfl ploye(l. In
Vitro
45. Dimcqhyl S u l f o x i d e T r a n s p o r t i n the I~olaled P e r f u s e d Kidney. J. F,uma~T, ]D. F. C. Iu~s,* a n d D. ])'. P~,mo. (National. Institute for Medieal ])~eseareh, Mill .fIill, and Wesl~minster ltost)it;al, London, England), One possiMe approach, to the problem of org/tll In'es(~rval:i(m is in t.he development, of met, hods of increasing the c0ncenl;ration, of a. prot, eetive nonelec,trolyte by perfusion 'it, low temperatures. As a firsl.; sl,ep l,h e transport; of trace amounts of-,dimethyl sulfoxMe-S '~ (DMSO-S "~) has beet~ s¢:udied at + 3 7 ° C . I s o l a t e d rabbit kidneys were perfused with cell-free solut,ions containing high[melemflar v,'eigl~b' dextran, under Conditions deggned . to maintah~ lmrfusion.pressure; kidney weight, and vascular resistance at eonstnnl; levels, After.loading
373
ABSTRACTS
wit,h I)MSO-S "~, ~ohe lddneys were perfused with the same solution withouG the tracer, and the aetivit,y in the venous effluent was measured using a liquid Sdnt;illat,imt technique. The kinetics of DMSO-S :~ eftlux could be represented 'is the sum of t h r e e expommtial eomI:,onents t,he slopes and intercepts of which were eah:ulatcd using a digital c0mputer..Tlmse data was compared with di.ffel'eI:lt configurations of three compartment models using bolh analytical solutions and analogue eomput, ation in an atl..ernptto find the rate eonst:ants and eomparmeut volumes that were biologically relevant,,. The quantitative date's, obtained will be presented as the essential informal:ion needed before studies of ])MSO transporl~ are made at: lower t.emlmratur¢,s aad in. tlm presence o,f osmotic, presSHrO e h , q l l g e s ,
4.6. Some Observalh)ns a b o u t the D i m e l b y / S u | f o x i d c P e r m e a t i o n in Tissues o f D o g Kidh e y, d u r i n g " " I. W'. ])..t-It!,, ~NpErSOn, ~" Per fusl,m,-' I. g. BWKJS, , ~ t'a.m¢i,A EDw,uu)s (~,(IcGill Uniwwsity Su:'gical Clinic, Montreal General I-Iospital, Mon~r,,:al, Canada). It is now .generally recognized that for optimum freeze prot, ect;ion, cryophylactie agents have ~o l~(.Im.,m. ,fully the i.nt,racc,lhllar space of respective organs. Some conditions which may regulate the equilibra(ion of dimcqhyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with int, racellular water in dog kidneys during peril.> sion ha,re. been investigated. Canine kidneys, imme(liateiy after removat fi'om ammals, were perfused wit.l~ 10 and 20% DMbO-C in saline a t different temperature and perfusion rates, Aliquots of efItuent from the kidney were colle(.tc.~d at, specified, time inlervals and their specific radioactivi.t,y (counts per milliliter) assayed. The p()in'~ ,t.t; which the radioactivity of.etttuent returns to that 0f inImti radioactivity.has been assumed as an indicator l;ha~ a steady state dist, ribution of D M S O in kidnev tlsmm-has been atta, ined. Afterwards pieces: of k i d n e y eortcx and medulla were removed, the Dl ~SO ext,raeted wit!~ 50% cthan'ol, nnd the r-t , h.~actl~lt3 7, , ' " 5 per u n i t weight of we t, ti ssl .....le ",,u..sa~,~'e (-1. I t . - h a s b e } m found :t;lia!, afl, er perfusion, Mdney weight increased l)y. some,. 5%, Using 300!m! per hr perfusion rate, t h e steady stalte eqmhbrm:.between inpul, ant'~ eftlux radioactivity were attained in,::15 ~,o 20 rain at room temperature and in ;some 30 rain in ice. With I00 ml per hr perfusiorirate the equilibria were al;tained some 10 min later. '£he concentral:ion, of .DMSO in t h e tissues, howcv:er, •mmunt),.,1 only to about 60% of the-c0ncentration in. pro'fusion • ~tuid, whcr~ c,'flculated on basis of '
•
"
. " '~
"
1.I,
':' Supl~orted by a grafit frmn the Medicai Research Council of Canada.
374
.ixN.iN I,.YAL M E / g T I N C I ABS.q. R A C I,>
80% total water content~ of kidney tissue. Such results indicate thai, only p.u't, of (.issue water is free for the equilibration with the D M S O in the. pc'rfus,~.t.e.
47, M a i u l e n a n c e o f Conllnl~ons ( ] o n l r a c l l o n s o f ~ a m m a | i a n ] | c a r t s at |[ypoflu.q'lnic T(,.mperao t u r e s ( 2 0 ° C ) ( M o i , ' i e ) . VglcXoN P. P~,:uuY, Tnl.:o1.)()|I1"] ~[, ~'IALiNIN, C. ~k. IANI)IIERGII, ANI) Gt;:RAI.,II t [ . ~;[OUEt{.
Exaniina/ion of lilt, cos of myoeardiunl, removed froin l)tllsaliil~g llem'l, showed il:lhiiin~.lI Mt..m'iltio.iis in thl.., archil,(,ctan'e, My('wiu'di;tl fib<,rs of ]lc)ftrls wlliclJ st(qlpe.d l)ulsalJllgwi:re widely ~:-:el)ai'ul.ed 1)3' distlended interslltial space)s, showed fracturing, con iuine(l condensed l.,rol;eiil lll'l.i.erj~al, und sliow~,d aiJol'rulioll irt (]istl'illilt/Ol/ of l;>ylollil:lOlJhy]ic ltl;lt.(;i'ill 1. 49. C r y o l o l e r a n c e o f the R a t lleart.- I.{I,.NDItI..b. B. l:l..xiiXl~li (.l)(q)arlmei~t, of Surgery.," Saml,'," "t,ouls" I , m c c r s l t y , St. Louis, Missouri ), A s..ilnfde 1.ee]mirnm }m.s t)e(;n u,sed for study of.tim m a n y variaMes involved in orgttn t'reeT,itlg. Albi.u,:) rats nre nnestl.u::lized intral)eritoneatly, t,lle ;tbdolm~n ()l.~ene(l, a~M l..he artimul oxsallgtjinat¢:d through atl ,t.)rt.lc ea:tllntlla, into ,t heparinize~l syringe. The chest, is Ol.~enetl and the~ heart, and ttzI!g S q u i c k l y excised in continuil,y with ('anmflni..itm of t},.; asC.~:!ll(li!]g ~101"[~t., tl',ql3S~..,ct,lOll of iJ)e. ptl]monarv., ,tJ ' . . . .t.~.13, ,'" qnd v,:,nling of t:}l(., left ventrich:,. _in.: myov~lnliltm IS • l ')""lfll~Ul] "" " %Vi{ll. 1{~]1("~ [tL'4{> solilli0ti ' nnd [Oll.l[d.~l'fl.l,{ll'{.' ._ manipulat:ioll,,s ar~, .mll(.d . . . . " ' olit . T h e l,,art is iperfttse~l witli l;he hal c ,•,.xt ,,~ , . (-i , Mood. at, '3~'°"'v.,.R e t u r n of. ;nusc'.l(~ acl,ivi~y is grnded on n, ,,~(.ah:: of 0 lc-, ~.1. .Ovor .iS0 perfusi,:ms have l)e.(..ll.,' ] ) e r . f o r l l l e [ [ wit,h l,he following results: I) llllltreal;ed he/trts l T S l l l l l f t vigoroli8~ sylIchl'ollolls co!l{l'}Ict, iG'Ils aft:er pt.,rf:~sio~) wit:h ! 1.o 2 )ill (;if blood; 2) lac/,<+ii..ed l{il;ig,<~r's ,~ohitioll (LI;{.) is [)ollx;r ,,is" lt }'.),I,A(,S"l)(~rftlSillg 111(?(7ii1111 tJlan elinieM ,'|oxt..rttil; a) i~ vohlllte {.'if l , R " w i l h , i'""' ) l'f: diu:lethvl su|foxidl.? (])),,J.~!j()) -eqtlival(.ili~ 1o 13 l'iiiles tile Weight of the" heart, is well tolerul;od : 4) 20% -I)MSO in ]_/[/. is I1oi, qtlil;e us well tolerate
The C
48. lllsiologlcal Ollscrvations oil l l e a r l s Perf u s e d ,at. H y p o t l l c r m i c T e m p e r a t u r e s . TIn,:0ilor¢i,; [. ~'~[JL'/NIN aNl) VEllNON P. PF,iiliY (Biorrmdienl ]l(~soal'ch ],a.I)orltl:ory, Anlorie+all ]?ol.lridaLion fo," Biological .[to.searcli, " Rocky ill% M
g
¢(
'
'l
,*
.
'J[
-
,,
,
{+
"
~
Whole Organ Perfusion and Storage 50. ~[¢labolic C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of Ihe I s o l a t e d P r i m a t e B r a i n at.. P r o f o u n d Hypolhermie L'evc'le. a~ RomaitT J. I'V,HT~:... Iaut~rcl., S. ALm~', I)av:m Y a s ~ ~'O,*- a~D ~.,,_ ,,,:,.~-,,.., .DAvjDsoN~ (Divir?rr,-,~,.,.-, sion of Neurosurgery, C l e v e h m d . M e t r o p o l i t a n General J!tTospital,. a n d Western I~.c...c.i ,s,. ~,,c Universit.y Seho.)l of Medicine, Clevehmd, Ohio) 4"
.
.~"
*
" ~ o.stlgatmns '' " " , ln~ of cerebral met,M:)olJsm n.t low temperatm'es }m.ve been" compromised by the [n.
sita
~ S u p p o r t o d by g,,,a)~Is from the U. S. Public ]:lTea!th Sorv i(.e ( It 1.,-o2,t9 an d .H L-06319, ). "~ ' '-'" ,.. S u p p' o. r. .t .e d t)v Gza.nt, NB-03850 from the N a tionrd I.nst,.itutesof I-.{ealth.