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4670613 Process for producing hydrocarbon-containing liquids from biomass
Fuels, Chemicals and Metals from Bioprocesses
4659670
4666852
BIOLOGICAL DESULFURIZATION OF COAL
PHOTOSYNTHETIC BIOCONVERSION SULFUR REMOVAL
Stanley E Stevens, Wilella D Burgess assigned to The Standard Oil Company
Douglas J Cork assigned to Institute of Gas Technology
A process for the preparation of microorganisms, ATCC No. 39327 which are capable of reproducible reduction of sulfur, particularly organic sulfur, in coal wherein the novel microorganisms are grown in situ enriched with sulfur compounds and subsequently grown in the presence of a coal substrate and nutrient medium while maintaining an essentially neutral pH. Contacting an aqueous coal slurry with the novel microorganism of the present invention provides coal having reduced organic sulfur content.
This invention relates to a process for sulfur removal from gas streams by contacting an active culture of photosynthetic sulfur bacteria with reductive sulfur compounds and carbon oxides in the gas stream under substantially anaerobic conditions with irradiation by electromagnetic energy and cultivating the bacteria to form elemental sulfur and organic carbon compounds. The process is particularly suited for removal of hydrogen sulfide from acid-gas streams and from natural or raw pipeline gas with greater than 95 percent and usually greater than about 98 percent sulfur removal from gas streams. The process is operable with gas streams of very low hydrogen sulfide content of about 0.1 and less Mole percent and gas streams of high hydrogen sulfide content. The prOceSS utilizes Chlorobium bacteria to produce elemental sulfur and organic carbon compounds which may be advantageously utilized to produce hydrocarbon fuels.
4663284 PROCESSFOR ENHANCED FERMENTATION OF XYLOSETO ETHANOL Thomas Jeffries assigned to The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of Agriculture
~7~13 PROCESS FOR PRODUCING HYDROCARBON-CONTAINING LIQUIDS FROM BIOMASS
Ethanol is produced from D-xylose by fermentation with any of the known xylose-metabolizing yeasts, such as Pachysolen tannophilus. To improve the yield of ethanol, small quantities of glucose are added to the fermentation medium during the fermentation process.
Herman Ruyter, Johannes H J Annec, Amsterdam, Netherlands assigned to Shell Oil Company 426
4659670
4666852
BIOLOGICAL DESULFURIZATION OF COAL
PHOTOSYNTHETIC BIOCONVERSION SULFUR REMOVAL
Stanley E Stevens, Wilella D Burgess assigned to The Standard Oil Company
Douglas J Cork assigned to Institute of Gas Technology
A process for the preparation of microorganisms, ATCC No. 39327 which are capable of reproducible reduction of sulfur, particularly organic sulfur, in coal wherein the novel microorganisms are grown in situ enriched with sulfur compounds and subsequently grown in the presence of a coal substrate and nutrient medium while maintaining an essentially neutral pH. Contacting an aqueous coal slurry with the novel microorganism of the present invention provides coal having reduced organic sulfur content.
This invention relates to a process for sulfur removal from gas streams by contacting an active culture of photosynthetic sulfur bacteria with reductive sulfur compounds and carbon oxides in the gas stream under substantially anaerobic conditions with irradiation by electromagnetic energy and cultivating the bacteria to form elemental sulfur and organic carbon compounds. The process is particularly suited for removal of hydrogen sulfide from acid-gas streams and from natural or raw pipeline gas with greater than 95 percent and usually greater than about 98 percent sulfur removal from gas streams. The process is operable with gas streams of very low hydrogen sulfide content of about 0.1 and less Mole percent and gas streams of high hydrogen sulfide content. The prOceSS utilizes Chlorobium bacteria to produce elemental sulfur and organic carbon compounds which may be advantageously utilized to produce hydrocarbon fuels.
4663284 PROCESSFOR ENHANCED FERMENTATION OF XYLOSETO ETHANOL Thomas Jeffries assigned to The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of Agriculture
~7~13 PROCESS FOR PRODUCING HYDROCARBON-CONTAINING LIQUIDS FROM BIOMASS
Ethanol is produced from D-xylose by fermentation with any of the known xylose-metabolizing yeasts, such as Pachysolen tannophilus. To improve the yield of ethanol, small quantities of glucose are added to the fermentation medium during the fermentation process.
Herman Ruyter, Johannes H J Annec, Amsterdam, Netherlands assigned to Shell Oil Company 426