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479. Brain Complexity Changes during Stress Task in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
Biological Psychiatry
Friday Abstracts
478. An Interleukin-18 Haplotype Predicts Ventral Striatum Response to Positive and Negative Feedback in Young Adult Women but Not Men Johnna Swartz1, Aric Prather2, Christina Di Iorio3, Ryan Bogdan3, and Ahmad Hariri4 University of California, Davis, 2University of California, San Francisco, 3Washington University in St. Louis, 4Duke University 1
Background: A haplotype in the gene encoding interleukin-18 (IL-18), associated with higher expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-18, predicts increased risk of developing depression in response to stress. Given prior evidence that inflammation is associated with altered ventral striatum response to reward and punishment, we hypothesized that the IL-18 haplotype would be associated with individual differences in ventral striatum response to positive and negative feedback in a card guessing game associated with monetary reward in young adults. Methods: Hypotheses were tested in 427 non-Hispanic European-American young adults who completed the Duke Neurogenetics Study. Participants were genotyped and underwent fMRI scanning while completing a card guessing task that included blocks in which they received positive feedback (indicating correct guesses) and blocks with negative feedback (incorrect guesses), which they were informed was tied to monetary reward from the task. Results: There was an interaction between IL-18 haplotype and sex, F(1,416)54.13, p5.04, such that the IL-18 risk haplotype predicted higher ventral striatum response to both positive and negative feedback in women, but not men. Additionally, higher ventral striatum response to negative feedback was associated with higher depression symptoms in female participants, B57.33, Beta5.15, p5.03. Conclusions: These results indicate that, in women, a haplotype associated with increased IL-18 expression predicts higher ventral striatum sensitivity to both positive and negative feedback, and that ventral striatum sensitivity to negative feedback is associated with higher depression symptoms. Overall, ventral striatum response to punishment represents a potential pathway through which inflammation-related genotypes may influence risk for depression. Supported By: NIH R01DA033369; NIH P30DA023026; NIH R01AG049789; NIH K08HL112961; NIH R01AG045231; Klingenstein Third Generation Foundation Keywords: Ventral Striatum, Depression, Genotype, Inflammation, reward processing
479. Brain Complexity Changes during Stress Task in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder Almira Kustubayeva1, Huang Zheng2, Jianbo Gao2, James Eliassen1, and Erik Nelson1 1
University of Cincinnati, 2Guangxi University
Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a multidimensional disease characterized by abnormalities in the neurocircuitry underlying the stress response, mood appraisal, and affect regulation. Spontaneous brain activity is
characterized by fractal-like temporal dynamics with longrange correlations in the BOLD signal, and measurement of nonlinear activation may provide a better understanding of brain complexity in disease and health (Sokunbi, 2016). The aim of the study was to use adaptive fractal analysis (AFA) and calculation of the Hurst exponent (H) to quantify dynamic properties of the BOLD time series for identifying differences between depressed patients from healthy volunteers. Methods: Eighteen participants who met the DSM-IV criteria for current major depressive episode (average age 44.06, SD59.66) and 10 matched healthy volunteers completed stressful and control math tasks during fMRI using a 4.0 Tesla Varian Unity INOVA Whole Body MRI/MRS system. FMRI data were preprocessed using the AFNI package. Hurst parameters were calculated based on extracted time series from whole brain and region of interests (ROI) using AFA (Gao, 2010). Results: Repeated measures ANOVA of average Hurst parameters from whole brain voxels showed no differences between groups. Mean Hurst exponent values from ROIs within the emotional network revealed a significant group effect (F510.58, p50.003), suggesting more coherent activation during both tasks in healthy participants, as well as a condition effect (F517.815, p,0.001), higher H during stressful compared to control task. Conclusions: Average Hurst exponent of the emotional network identified differences in dynamic properties of brain activation in subjects with MDD compared to healthy volunteers. Supported By: This research was supported by grants from AstraZeneca, Inc and NIMH Award K23MH067705 to EBN and AAUW International Postdoctoral grant to AMK. Keywords: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Stress, BOLD fMRI, Adaptive fractal analysis, Hurst exponent
480. Sex Differences in Emotional Perception: Meta Analysis of Divergent Activation Megan Filkowski, Rachel Olsen, Bryant Duda, Timothy Wanger, and Dean Sabatinelli University of Georgia Background: Behavioral and physiological sex differences in emotional reactivity are well documented, yet comparatively few neural differences have been identified Methods: Quantitative activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis examined functional brain imaging studies that each reported clusters of activity differentiating men and women as they participated in emotion-evoking tasks in the visual modality. This approach requires the experimental paradigm to be balanced across the sexes, and thus may provide greater clarity than previous efforts. Results: Results across 56 emotion-eliciting studies (n 5 1907) reveal distinct activation in the medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, frontal pole, and mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus in men relative to women. Women show distinct activation in bilateral amygdala, hippocampus, and regions of the dorsal midbrain including the periaqueductal gray/superior colliculus and locus coeruleus. Conclusions: While some clusters are consistent with prevailing perspectives on the foundations of sex differences
Biological Psychiatry May 15, 2017; 81:S140–S276 www.sobp.org/journal
S195
Friday Abstracts
478. An Interleukin-18 Haplotype Predicts Ventral Striatum Response to Positive and Negative Feedback in Young Adult Women but Not Men Johnna Swartz1, Aric Prather2, Christina Di Iorio3, Ryan Bogdan3, and Ahmad Hariri4 University of California, Davis, 2University of California, San Francisco, 3Washington University in St. Louis, 4Duke University 1
Background: A haplotype in the gene encoding interleukin-18 (IL-18), associated with higher expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-18, predicts increased risk of developing depression in response to stress. Given prior evidence that inflammation is associated with altered ventral striatum response to reward and punishment, we hypothesized that the IL-18 haplotype would be associated with individual differences in ventral striatum response to positive and negative feedback in a card guessing game associated with monetary reward in young adults. Methods: Hypotheses were tested in 427 non-Hispanic European-American young adults who completed the Duke Neurogenetics Study. Participants were genotyped and underwent fMRI scanning while completing a card guessing task that included blocks in which they received positive feedback (indicating correct guesses) and blocks with negative feedback (incorrect guesses), which they were informed was tied to monetary reward from the task. Results: There was an interaction between IL-18 haplotype and sex, F(1,416)54.13, p5.04, such that the IL-18 risk haplotype predicted higher ventral striatum response to both positive and negative feedback in women, but not men. Additionally, higher ventral striatum response to negative feedback was associated with higher depression symptoms in female participants, B57.33, Beta5.15, p5.03. Conclusions: These results indicate that, in women, a haplotype associated with increased IL-18 expression predicts higher ventral striatum sensitivity to both positive and negative feedback, and that ventral striatum sensitivity to negative feedback is associated with higher depression symptoms. Overall, ventral striatum response to punishment represents a potential pathway through which inflammation-related genotypes may influence risk for depression. Supported By: NIH R01DA033369; NIH P30DA023026; NIH R01AG049789; NIH K08HL112961; NIH R01AG045231; Klingenstein Third Generation Foundation Keywords: Ventral Striatum, Depression, Genotype, Inflammation, reward processing
479. Brain Complexity Changes during Stress Task in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder Almira Kustubayeva1, Huang Zheng2, Jianbo Gao2, James Eliassen1, and Erik Nelson1 1
University of Cincinnati, 2Guangxi University
Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a multidimensional disease characterized by abnormalities in the neurocircuitry underlying the stress response, mood appraisal, and affect regulation. Spontaneous brain activity is
characterized by fractal-like temporal dynamics with longrange correlations in the BOLD signal, and measurement of nonlinear activation may provide a better understanding of brain complexity in disease and health (Sokunbi, 2016). The aim of the study was to use adaptive fractal analysis (AFA) and calculation of the Hurst exponent (H) to quantify dynamic properties of the BOLD time series for identifying differences between depressed patients from healthy volunteers. Methods: Eighteen participants who met the DSM-IV criteria for current major depressive episode (average age 44.06, SD59.66) and 10 matched healthy volunteers completed stressful and control math tasks during fMRI using a 4.0 Tesla Varian Unity INOVA Whole Body MRI/MRS system. FMRI data were preprocessed using the AFNI package. Hurst parameters were calculated based on extracted time series from whole brain and region of interests (ROI) using AFA (Gao, 2010). Results: Repeated measures ANOVA of average Hurst parameters from whole brain voxels showed no differences between groups. Mean Hurst exponent values from ROIs within the emotional network revealed a significant group effect (F510.58, p50.003), suggesting more coherent activation during both tasks in healthy participants, as well as a condition effect (F517.815, p,0.001), higher H during stressful compared to control task. Conclusions: Average Hurst exponent of the emotional network identified differences in dynamic properties of brain activation in subjects with MDD compared to healthy volunteers. Supported By: This research was supported by grants from AstraZeneca, Inc and NIMH Award K23MH067705 to EBN and AAUW International Postdoctoral grant to AMK. Keywords: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Stress, BOLD fMRI, Adaptive fractal analysis, Hurst exponent
480. Sex Differences in Emotional Perception: Meta Analysis of Divergent Activation Megan Filkowski, Rachel Olsen, Bryant Duda, Timothy Wanger, and Dean Sabatinelli University of Georgia Background: Behavioral and physiological sex differences in emotional reactivity are well documented, yet comparatively few neural differences have been identified Methods: Quantitative activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis examined functional brain imaging studies that each reported clusters of activity differentiating men and women as they participated in emotion-evoking tasks in the visual modality. This approach requires the experimental paradigm to be balanced across the sexes, and thus may provide greater clarity than previous efforts. Results: Results across 56 emotion-eliciting studies (n 5 1907) reveal distinct activation in the medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, frontal pole, and mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus in men relative to women. Women show distinct activation in bilateral amygdala, hippocampus, and regions of the dorsal midbrain including the periaqueductal gray/superior colliculus and locus coeruleus. Conclusions: While some clusters are consistent with prevailing perspectives on the foundations of sex differences
Biological Psychiatry May 15, 2017; 81:S140–S276 www.sobp.org/journal
S195