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Thursday October 2, 2003: Poster Session Nutrition
not significantly different. It is concluded that β-casein A1 is atherogenic compared to β-casein A2. 4P-0928
The supplementary effects of the rice with high dietary fiber on blood glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic KK mice
S.H. Lee 1 , H.J. Park 1 , H.K. Chun 1 , S.Y. Cho 1 , H.G. Hwang 2 , Y.S. Lee 3 . 1 National Rural Living Science Institute, NIAST, RDA, Suwon; 2 National Crop Experiment Station, RDA, Suwon; 3 Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Objective: Rural Development Administration in Korea developed the rice, Suwon464, with high dietary fiber. This study was carried out to investigate the supplementary effects of the Suwon464 rice on blood glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic mice. Methods: This rice was developed from Ilpum to increase the content of dietary fiber in the rice as one of the main dishes in Korea. Three groups of non-insulin dependent diabetic KK male mice were fed with one of three kinds of diets made of cornstarch as a control group and two types of rice (Suwon464 or Ilpum) for 8 weeks, respectively. And diet intake, body weight, organs weights, blood glucose, and lipids levels of serum, liver and feces were measured. Results: This study showed that the Suwon464 rice contained two times of dietary fiber than the Ilpum rice, and the contents of dietary fiber in experimental diets were 1.1% in Cornstarch group (CO), 3.6% in Ilpum rice group (IR) and 6.6% in Suwon464 rice group (SR). There was no significant difference in diet intake, body weight, organs weights, and the concentration of blood glucose among experimental groups. But the levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol in serum and liver were lower in SR, and the levels of total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol excreted in feces were significantly higher in SR than the others. Conclusion: These results suggest that the supplement of the Suwon464 rice decrease triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations of serum and liver by increasing fecal lipid excretion in these diabetic mice. 4P-0930
PS/DAG oil is useful for patients with low response to statin reflecting from high cholesterol absorption. 4P-0931
Y. Fujiwara 1 , M. Yokoyama 1 , R. Sawada 1 , Y. Seyama 1 , A. 1 Ochanomizu University, Tokyo; 2 Josai University, Japan
Objective: It has been reported that statin tends to increase cholesterol absorption in the small intestine in the analysis of Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study. We evaluated the effect of a long-term concomitant use of pravastatin and diacylglycerol oil containing plant sterols on serum lipid parameters in patients. Methods: A 12-week double blind randomized comparative study with 3 groups was performed in patients (n=49, 30-73y) who had been treated with pravastatin at a dose of 10 mg/day. The subjects were randomized to ingest one of the following edible oils, [(1) triacylglycerol oil (TAG oil), (2) diacylglycerol oil (DAG oil) and (3) diacylglycerol oil containing 4% plant sterols (PS/DAG oil)], replacing conventional cooking oil. Serum levels of lipids, apolipoproteins, inflammatory markers and plant sterols were measured in the study. Results: Among subjects whose serum total cholesterol (TC) level is not less than 200 mg/dL on pravastain (n=44), serum levels of TC, LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein B were significantly decreased in PS/DAG oil group as compared with the respective baseline. Apolipoprotein CII and CIII, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and fibrinogen were also decreased. The change of serum TC lowering for 12-week was positively correlated with the baseline serum level of campesterol (a marker of cholesterol absorption). Furthermore, in subjects (n=22) whose serum campesterol level were not less than median value (0.66 mg/dL), efficacy of serum cholesterol lowering was observed more clearly (about 1.5-fold decrease) and serum TC level was significantly lowered, as compared with TAG oil group (TC: -16 mg/dL, -6.2%). Conclusions: Addition of PS/DAG oil to pravastatin treatment further reduced blood lipids and inflammatory markers. The results suggest that
Matsumoto 2 .
Objective: We previously analyzed changes of mRNA levels using a DNA micro array to investigate the comprehensive effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The result from a DNA chip revealed that PUFA induced the expression of osteopontin (OPN). However, the effect of PUFA on OPN has not been reported. OPN is a non-collagenous, glycosylated phosphoprotein associated with biomineralization. Furthermore, OPN has been reported to be abundant at site of calcification in atherosclerotic plaques and in calcified aortic valves. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of PUFA on OPN as a novel function of PUFA. Method: HepG2 cells were cultured in 10% FBS/DMEM until approximately 90% confluent, and then incubated with 0.25mM PUFA; oleic acid (OA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in 10% LPDS/DMEM for 24 hr. After extracting total RNA from treated cells, the expression of mRNA was analyzed using a real-time quantitative RT-PCR. The OPN protein expression was evaluated by a western blotting. The same experiments were done using Saos-2 cells as an osteocytes and SMC derived from rat aorta. Results: AA, EPA and DHA, but not OA, increased the mRNA level of OPN. PUFA induced the OPN expression in Saos-2 cells and SMC as well as HepG2 cells. We also confirmed that DHA enhanced the OPN protein expression by Western blotting. To clarify the role of PUFA, the effects of fenofibric acid, indomethacin and α-tocopherol on OPN mRNA expression were investigated. These compounds did not affect OPN expression. Therefore it seemed that the up-regulation of OPN by PUFA was not mediated via the oxidative stress, eicosanoids, nor PPARs. In conclusion, we propose the new function of PUFA as a regulator of vascular calcification in addition to the bone metabolism.
Effect of diacylglycerol oil containing plant sterols on serum lipid parameters in patients taking pravastatin (10 mg/day)
M. Takeshita 1 , F. Ohsuzu 2 , K. Higashi 2 , A. Yonemura 2 , S. Sawada 2 , S. Tabata 2 , T. Obata 2 , K. Mizuno 3 , J. Sano 3 , Y. Onodera 4 , T. Yamashita 5 , E. Miyajima 5 , K. Mori 1 , K. Tomonobu 1 , Y. Katsuragi 1 , T. Yasukawa 1 , H. Nakamura 5 . 1 Health Care Products Research Laboratories No. 1, Kao Corporation, Tokyo; 2 First Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama; 3 Department of Medicine, Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Nippon Medical School, Chiba; 4 Nikko Memorial Hospital, Muroran; 5 Mitsukoshi Health and Welfare Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on osteopontin expression
4P-0932
Effects of different contents of γ-oryzanol in rice bran oil on serum cholesterol levels
E. Tsuji 1 , M. Takahashi 2 , S. Kinoshita 1 , M. Tanaka 3 , K. Tsuji 4 . 1 Hyogo University, Kakogawa; 2 BOSO Oil & Fat Co., Ltd. Funabashi; 3 Kanagawa University of Human Services, Yokosuka; 4 Himeji Institute of Technology, Himeji, Japan Objective: Rice bran oil is as effective as other commonly used vegetable oils to lower plasma cholesterol. Rice bran oil is characterized by a relatively high content of unsaponifiable materials of non-fatty acid components such as γ-oryzanol and tocotrienols. The cholesterol lowering ability of rice bran oil seems to be due to the contents of unsaponifiable materials, especially γ-oryzanol. In this study the effects of different contents of γ-oryzanol in rice bran oil on serum cholesterol levels were studied. Methods: Male SD rats were fed a hypercholesterolemic diet containing cholesterol and sodium cholate and were put down after 3 weeks in 3 experiments. Dietary lipid sources were lard in the control group and normal rice bran oil (R), with both low (LOR) or high (HOR) levels of γ-oryzanol contents in rice bran oil, in the experimental groups. Results: Serum total cholesterol levels were significantly increased in the control group in all experiments. Serum total cholesterol in the R group clearly decreased compared to that of the control group. LOR and HOR also showed significant decreases in serum total cholesterol, the differences in the content of γ-oryzanol were not shown. Furthermore no significant difference in the level of HDL cholesterol was observed. Conclusion: The cholesterol lowering effect could not be explained by only referring to the contents of γ-oryzanol, this is due to the interaction of unsaponifiable materials or fatty acid composition. 4P-0933
Effect of lemon flavonoids on resistance of LDL to oxidation
M. Usuda 1 , C. Sakurai 1 , H. Uto 1 , M. Tago 1 , M. Tani 1 , T. Kido 1 , T.N. Nghiem 1 , Y. Miyake 2 , K. Sakaida 2 , C. Kiyose 1 , E. Suzuki 1 , K. Kondo 1 . 1 Ochanomizu University, Tokyo; 2 Pokka Corporation, Japan Objective: FLemon is a food expected to have antioxidant properties because of its high content of vitamin C, a representative antioxidant vitamin. In the
XIIIth International Symposium on Atherosclerosis, September 28–October 2, 2003, Kyoto, Japan
Thursday October 2, 2003: Poster Session Nutrition
not significantly different. It is concluded that β-casein A1 is atherogenic compared to β-casein A2. 4P-0928
The supplementary effects of the rice with high dietary fiber on blood glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic KK mice
S.H. Lee 1 , H.J. Park 1 , H.K. Chun 1 , S.Y. Cho 1 , H.G. Hwang 2 , Y.S. Lee 3 . 1 National Rural Living Science Institute, NIAST, RDA, Suwon; 2 National Crop Experiment Station, RDA, Suwon; 3 Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Objective: Rural Development Administration in Korea developed the rice, Suwon464, with high dietary fiber. This study was carried out to investigate the supplementary effects of the Suwon464 rice on blood glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic mice. Methods: This rice was developed from Ilpum to increase the content of dietary fiber in the rice as one of the main dishes in Korea. Three groups of non-insulin dependent diabetic KK male mice were fed with one of three kinds of diets made of cornstarch as a control group and two types of rice (Suwon464 or Ilpum) for 8 weeks, respectively. And diet intake, body weight, organs weights, blood glucose, and lipids levels of serum, liver and feces were measured. Results: This study showed that the Suwon464 rice contained two times of dietary fiber than the Ilpum rice, and the contents of dietary fiber in experimental diets were 1.1% in Cornstarch group (CO), 3.6% in Ilpum rice group (IR) and 6.6% in Suwon464 rice group (SR). There was no significant difference in diet intake, body weight, organs weights, and the concentration of blood glucose among experimental groups. But the levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol in serum and liver were lower in SR, and the levels of total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol excreted in feces were significantly higher in SR than the others. Conclusion: These results suggest that the supplement of the Suwon464 rice decrease triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations of serum and liver by increasing fecal lipid excretion in these diabetic mice. 4P-0930
PS/DAG oil is useful for patients with low response to statin reflecting from high cholesterol absorption. 4P-0931
Y. Fujiwara 1 , M. Yokoyama 1 , R. Sawada 1 , Y. Seyama 1 , A. 1 Ochanomizu University, Tokyo; 2 Josai University, Japan
Objective: It has been reported that statin tends to increase cholesterol absorption in the small intestine in the analysis of Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study. We evaluated the effect of a long-term concomitant use of pravastatin and diacylglycerol oil containing plant sterols on serum lipid parameters in patients. Methods: A 12-week double blind randomized comparative study with 3 groups was performed in patients (n=49, 30-73y) who had been treated with pravastatin at a dose of 10 mg/day. The subjects were randomized to ingest one of the following edible oils, [(1) triacylglycerol oil (TAG oil), (2) diacylglycerol oil (DAG oil) and (3) diacylglycerol oil containing 4% plant sterols (PS/DAG oil)], replacing conventional cooking oil. Serum levels of lipids, apolipoproteins, inflammatory markers and plant sterols were measured in the study. Results: Among subjects whose serum total cholesterol (TC) level is not less than 200 mg/dL on pravastain (n=44), serum levels of TC, LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein B were significantly decreased in PS/DAG oil group as compared with the respective baseline. Apolipoprotein CII and CIII, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and fibrinogen were also decreased. The change of serum TC lowering for 12-week was positively correlated with the baseline serum level of campesterol (a marker of cholesterol absorption). Furthermore, in subjects (n=22) whose serum campesterol level were not less than median value (0.66 mg/dL), efficacy of serum cholesterol lowering was observed more clearly (about 1.5-fold decrease) and serum TC level was significantly lowered, as compared with TAG oil group (TC: -16 mg/dL, -6.2%). Conclusions: Addition of PS/DAG oil to pravastatin treatment further reduced blood lipids and inflammatory markers. The results suggest that
Matsumoto 2 .
Objective: We previously analyzed changes of mRNA levels using a DNA micro array to investigate the comprehensive effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The result from a DNA chip revealed that PUFA induced the expression of osteopontin (OPN). However, the effect of PUFA on OPN has not been reported. OPN is a non-collagenous, glycosylated phosphoprotein associated with biomineralization. Furthermore, OPN has been reported to be abundant at site of calcification in atherosclerotic plaques and in calcified aortic valves. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of PUFA on OPN as a novel function of PUFA. Method: HepG2 cells were cultured in 10% FBS/DMEM until approximately 90% confluent, and then incubated with 0.25mM PUFA; oleic acid (OA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in 10% LPDS/DMEM for 24 hr. After extracting total RNA from treated cells, the expression of mRNA was analyzed using a real-time quantitative RT-PCR. The OPN protein expression was evaluated by a western blotting. The same experiments were done using Saos-2 cells as an osteocytes and SMC derived from rat aorta. Results: AA, EPA and DHA, but not OA, increased the mRNA level of OPN. PUFA induced the OPN expression in Saos-2 cells and SMC as well as HepG2 cells. We also confirmed that DHA enhanced the OPN protein expression by Western blotting. To clarify the role of PUFA, the effects of fenofibric acid, indomethacin and α-tocopherol on OPN mRNA expression were investigated. These compounds did not affect OPN expression. Therefore it seemed that the up-regulation of OPN by PUFA was not mediated via the oxidative stress, eicosanoids, nor PPARs. In conclusion, we propose the new function of PUFA as a regulator of vascular calcification in addition to the bone metabolism.
Effect of diacylglycerol oil containing plant sterols on serum lipid parameters in patients taking pravastatin (10 mg/day)
M. Takeshita 1 , F. Ohsuzu 2 , K. Higashi 2 , A. Yonemura 2 , S. Sawada 2 , S. Tabata 2 , T. Obata 2 , K. Mizuno 3 , J. Sano 3 , Y. Onodera 4 , T. Yamashita 5 , E. Miyajima 5 , K. Mori 1 , K. Tomonobu 1 , Y. Katsuragi 1 , T. Yasukawa 1 , H. Nakamura 5 . 1 Health Care Products Research Laboratories No. 1, Kao Corporation, Tokyo; 2 First Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama; 3 Department of Medicine, Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Nippon Medical School, Chiba; 4 Nikko Memorial Hospital, Muroran; 5 Mitsukoshi Health and Welfare Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on osteopontin expression
4P-0932
Effects of different contents of γ-oryzanol in rice bran oil on serum cholesterol levels
E. Tsuji 1 , M. Takahashi 2 , S. Kinoshita 1 , M. Tanaka 3 , K. Tsuji 4 . 1 Hyogo University, Kakogawa; 2 BOSO Oil & Fat Co., Ltd. Funabashi; 3 Kanagawa University of Human Services, Yokosuka; 4 Himeji Institute of Technology, Himeji, Japan Objective: Rice bran oil is as effective as other commonly used vegetable oils to lower plasma cholesterol. Rice bran oil is characterized by a relatively high content of unsaponifiable materials of non-fatty acid components such as γ-oryzanol and tocotrienols. The cholesterol lowering ability of rice bran oil seems to be due to the contents of unsaponifiable materials, especially γ-oryzanol. In this study the effects of different contents of γ-oryzanol in rice bran oil on serum cholesterol levels were studied. Methods: Male SD rats were fed a hypercholesterolemic diet containing cholesterol and sodium cholate and were put down after 3 weeks in 3 experiments. Dietary lipid sources were lard in the control group and normal rice bran oil (R), with both low (LOR) or high (HOR) levels of γ-oryzanol contents in rice bran oil, in the experimental groups. Results: Serum total cholesterol levels were significantly increased in the control group in all experiments. Serum total cholesterol in the R group clearly decreased compared to that of the control group. LOR and HOR also showed significant decreases in serum total cholesterol, the differences in the content of γ-oryzanol were not shown. Furthermore no significant difference in the level of HDL cholesterol was observed. Conclusion: The cholesterol lowering effect could not be explained by only referring to the contents of γ-oryzanol, this is due to the interaction of unsaponifiable materials or fatty acid composition. 4P-0933
Effect of lemon flavonoids on resistance of LDL to oxidation
M. Usuda 1 , C. Sakurai 1 , H. Uto 1 , M. Tago 1 , M. Tani 1 , T. Kido 1 , T.N. Nghiem 1 , Y. Miyake 2 , K. Sakaida 2 , C. Kiyose 1 , E. Suzuki 1 , K. Kondo 1 . 1 Ochanomizu University, Tokyo; 2 Pokka Corporation, Japan Objective: FLemon is a food expected to have antioxidant properties because of its high content of vitamin C, a representative antioxidant vitamin. In the
XIIIth International Symposium on Atherosclerosis, September 28–October 2, 2003, Kyoto, Japan