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50 Years Ago in The Journal of Pediatrics
THE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
www.jpeds.com
37. Bonnier C. Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development. Acta Paediatr 2008;97:853-8. 38. Farah MJ, Betancourt L, Shera DM, Savage JH, Giannetta JM, Brodsky NL, et al. Environmental stimulation, parental nurturance and cognitive development in humans. Dev Sci 2008;11: 793-801. 39. Rao H, Betancourt L, Giannetta JM, Brodsky NL, Korczykowski M, Avants BB, et al. Early parental care is important for hippocampal matu-
Vol. 163, No. 5 ration: evidence from brain morphology in humans. Neuroimage 2009; 49:1144-50. 40. Vygotsky LS. Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1978. 41. Boivin MJ, Giordani B. Neuropsychological assessment of African children: evidence for a universal basis to cognitive ability. In: Chiao JY, ed. Cultural neuroscience: cultural influences on brain function. New York, NY: Elsevier Publications; 2009. p. 113-35.
50 Years Ago in THE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS The Development of Children with Congenital Hypothyroidism. A Note on Early, Temporary Replacement Therapy for 2 Goitrous Infants Man EB, Mermann AC, Cooke RE. J Pediatr 1963;63:926-41
M
an et al describe in detail the intellectual and physical development of 23 children with congenital hypothyroidism (CH), correlating this with age at initial treatment and dosage of thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Early therapy, continued throughout childhood, and higher doses were associated with the best long-term prognosis. Although previous, larger studies had shown improved prognosis, the series by Man et al is the first one in which the adequacy of thyroid hormone replacement is verified and guided by an objective measure, the serum extractable iodine concentration. In the five decades that followed this series, CH was recognized as a major, preventable cause of mental retardation and became one of the success stories of modern public health programs. Worldwide, the most common cause of CH remains maternal iodine deficiency, leading to hypothyroidism and severe mental retardation in the child. In developed countries, CH is caused by agenesis, dysgenesis, or ectopic development of the thyroid gland. Neonatal screening programs evolved over the past 30 years from local pilot testing to being performed in most countries in the world. Measurement of thyroid stimulating hormone or T4 values in the first 48 hours of life allows for early diagnosis, which, coupled with early, aggressive treatment, and monitoring lead to eradication of mental retardation and clinical sequelae of CH.1 Diana E. Stanescu, MD Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Department of Pediatrics The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Reference
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.05.018
1. Rose SR, Brown RS, Foley T, Kaplowitz PB, Kaye CI, Sundararajan S, et al. Update of newborn screening and therapy for congenital hypothyroidism. Pediatrics 2006;117:2290-303.
1416
Boivin et al
www.jpeds.com
37. Bonnier C. Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development. Acta Paediatr 2008;97:853-8. 38. Farah MJ, Betancourt L, Shera DM, Savage JH, Giannetta JM, Brodsky NL, et al. Environmental stimulation, parental nurturance and cognitive development in humans. Dev Sci 2008;11: 793-801. 39. Rao H, Betancourt L, Giannetta JM, Brodsky NL, Korczykowski M, Avants BB, et al. Early parental care is important for hippocampal matu-
Vol. 163, No. 5 ration: evidence from brain morphology in humans. Neuroimage 2009; 49:1144-50. 40. Vygotsky LS. Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1978. 41. Boivin MJ, Giordani B. Neuropsychological assessment of African children: evidence for a universal basis to cognitive ability. In: Chiao JY, ed. Cultural neuroscience: cultural influences on brain function. New York, NY: Elsevier Publications; 2009. p. 113-35.
50 Years Ago in THE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS The Development of Children with Congenital Hypothyroidism. A Note on Early, Temporary Replacement Therapy for 2 Goitrous Infants Man EB, Mermann AC, Cooke RE. J Pediatr 1963;63:926-41
M
an et al describe in detail the intellectual and physical development of 23 children with congenital hypothyroidism (CH), correlating this with age at initial treatment and dosage of thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Early therapy, continued throughout childhood, and higher doses were associated with the best long-term prognosis. Although previous, larger studies had shown improved prognosis, the series by Man et al is the first one in which the adequacy of thyroid hormone replacement is verified and guided by an objective measure, the serum extractable iodine concentration. In the five decades that followed this series, CH was recognized as a major, preventable cause of mental retardation and became one of the success stories of modern public health programs. Worldwide, the most common cause of CH remains maternal iodine deficiency, leading to hypothyroidism and severe mental retardation in the child. In developed countries, CH is caused by agenesis, dysgenesis, or ectopic development of the thyroid gland. Neonatal screening programs evolved over the past 30 years from local pilot testing to being performed in most countries in the world. Measurement of thyroid stimulating hormone or T4 values in the first 48 hours of life allows for early diagnosis, which, coupled with early, aggressive treatment, and monitoring lead to eradication of mental retardation and clinical sequelae of CH.1 Diana E. Stanescu, MD Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Department of Pediatrics The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Reference
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.05.018
1. Rose SR, Brown RS, Foley T, Kaplowitz PB, Kaye CI, Sundararajan S, et al. Update of newborn screening and therapy for congenital hypothyroidism. Pediatrics 2006;117:2290-303.
1416
Boivin et al