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539 Element content in shrew Crocidura russula exposed to effluents from a landfill
Poster Session P27. Pesticides 539
ELEMENT CONTENT IN SHREW CROCIDURA RUSSULA EXPOSED TO EFFLUENTS FROM A LANDFILL
A. Sánchez-Chardi, J. Nadal. Departament de Biologia Animal (Vertebrats), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España Landfills sites are the most common means of disposal of solid wastes in most Mediterranean countries. The liquid effluents from such wastes contain a large variety of potentially toxic compounds such as heavy metals and organic compounds. We assess the effects of effluents from the landfill at Garraf (Barcelona, NE Spain) on the bioaccumulation of elements (heavy metals and others) in wild small mammals. In the last 30 years this site has received and accumulated different kinds of wastes (approx. 400,000 t yr−1 ) from the city of Barcelona and the surrounding area (3 million inhabitants). The greater white-toothed shrew Crocidura russula (Hermann, 1780) was used as bioindicator. Our hypothesis is that waste effluents produce a direct increase in the accumulation of toxic elements in these animals, which leads indirectly to stress in the form of metabolic alteration and cell damage. From February to May, 1998, 56 adult wild shrews were collected in 2 areas: 1-Vall d’En Joan: affected by the effluents from the Garraf landfill (n=22) and 2- Olesa de Bonesvalls: A clean control site (n=34). All animals were sexed and aged. Liver and right kidney were removed from each animal, dried, and digested by nitric and perchloric acids in a clean room. Ca, S, Zn, Mg, Mn, Cu, Sr, Rb, Sn, Mo, Pb, Cr, Co, Ba, As and V were measured by Induced Coupled Plasma (ICP-MS and ICP-AES). Data were compared according to areas, sex and age by ANOVA tests. Results showed a significant increase of Ca (p=0.003), Pb (p<0.001), Cu (p<0.001) and Cr (p<0.001) in animals from the landfill area. Cr was detected only in animals from the polluted site. In addition, there was a tendency of certain elements such as S and Mn to increase in shrews from the polluted area. No differences between sexes or ages were observed. This study confirm the entrance of Pb, Cu and Cr from the landfill to the trophic chain. We conclude that the effluents from this landfill increase the accumulation of certain elements in these fauna. The greater white-toothed shrew may be a good bioindicator of the effects of low levels of heavy metal pollution in Mediterranean areas.
were within the range of values reported in literature, except for Zn, which showed the highest concentrations, higher than previously reported in literature. 541
HEAVY METALS IN LIVER OF THUNNUS THYNNUS FROM THE COAST OF THE SOUTHERN TYRRHENIAN SEA
P. Licata 1 , D. Trombetta 2 , M. Cristani 2 , M. Calò 1 , A. Celona 3 , F. Naccari 1 . 1 Department of Veterinary Public Health, University of Messina, Messina, Italy, 2 Department of Biologic-Pharmacy, University of Messina, Messina, Italy, 3 Aqua-Studio Research Institute, Messina, Italy Aim of the present study was to determine in bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) the levels of “toxic” (As, Cd, Hg and Pb) and “essential” (Cu, Mn and Zn) metals. In particular, our investigation was made in Thunnus thynnus (161–265 cm in length and 95–300 Kg in body weight) caugh by the deep-sea fishing in “Canale di Sicilia” during April 2002 and then stalled for six months in aquaculture centres located in coastal waters of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Quantitative analysis of Cd, Cu, Mn and Pb were carried out on 20 liver samples with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Varian model 220/Zeeman) equipped with graphite furnace and an air-acetylene flame for Zn; Hg was determined by the cold vapor generation technique and As was analyzed by hot vapor generation technique. Our results showed concentrations of both “toxic” and “essential” metals in line with those reported in literature. Among “toxic” metals, Cd concentrations (0.07–2.17 µg/g w.w.) were higher than other metals (As, Hg and Pb); while Pb levels (0.02–0.30 µg/g w.w.) were lowest. Concentrations of As and Hg (0.06–2.99 µg/g w.w. and 0.08– 1.86 µg/g w.w.) showed intermediate values respectively. Among the “toxic” metals studied, only Hg levels were lower than those reported for various coastal areas of the Mediterranean. As regards the “essential” metals, Zn concentrations (47.9–386.9 µg/g w.w.) were higher than other metals (Cu and Mn); Cu levels were lowest (0.05–3.26 µg/g w.w.) while Mn showed intermediate values (0.98– 5.71 µg/g w.w.). Altogether, the data obtained for “essential” metals
FLUCTUATION OF SOME HEAVY METALS THROUGH TWO ECOSYSTEMS
S.D. Brankovic 1 , D.B. Blagojevic 2 , S. Stankovic 3 , B. Petrovic 3 . 1 Institute for protection of nature of Serbia, dept. Nis, Nis, 2 Faculty of occupational safety, Nis, 3 Institute of public health Nis, Yugoslavia Point of this research was following concentration of lead, copper, cadmium, zinc and manganese in samples (soil, plants, tissues of pheasants and rabbits) taken from hunting ground Nis (South Serbia) and hunting ground Velika Greda (Vojvodina). The first sampling point is Vinik hill, near large city- Nis where probable sources of metals are industry and traffic. The second sampling point is small town with very high level of agricultural activities. Samples were taken during December 2000 and kept frozen at -20° C. Samples were analyzed by AAS method in flame. Results show that some samples are very close or cross over maximal aloud values according to the Yugoslav laws: Nis-kidneys of rabbit 0.0923 mg/kg (Cd), Backa Palanka-Soil 11.4542 mg/kg (Cd), 492.7576 mg/kg (Mn), plants 4.0271 mg/kg (Cd), muscle of pheasant 0.2066 mg/kg (Cd), liver of rabbit 0.5304 mg/kg (Cd), muscle of rabbit 0.2871 mg/kg (Cd). Our experimental approach to this problem will provide fundamental information on how these of contaminants interact, and provide the basis for making ecologically sound decisions concerning appropriate bioremediation or mitigation strategies for contaminated field sites, as well as base for making a model for risk assessment that considers the population which use meat of these animals as food.
P27 Pesticides 542
540
s145
GENOTOXICOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL HAMFULL EFFECTS FOR THE ORGANOPHOSPHOURUS PESTICIDE NUVACRONE ON ALBINO MICE AND THEIR EMBRYOS
K.B. Abd el Aziz, E.M. El Nahas, M. Zahran, A. Abdel Raoof. Cell Biology Department, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt Nuvacrone, which is one from the most fast acting organophosphorous pesticides, was tested for its genotoxicological effects (chromosomal abnormalities) on adult males, pregnant females of mouse as well as their embryos. Some biochemical parameters such as changes in Nucleic acid concentrations, total protein and enzyme activity, were also studied. For conducting the study, three different doses were orally administrated (0.65; 0.25; 0.30 mg/Kg) a parallel control group was kept at the same time. Concerning the chromosomal abnormalities, the observed types were mainly in the form of gaps, breaks, centromeric attenuations, centric fusions, end to end associations, deletions and endomitosis. In contrast, polyploidy cell was the only observed type of chromosomal abnormality. All the treatments showed a highly significant increase over the control group (P<0.001) for the recorded structural abnormalities. It was also observed that the percentages of the abnormalities were dosedependent. Abnormalities in germ cells (spermatocytes) of treated males showed also a highly significant increase over the control for the 3 doses tested; also the percentages of the abnormalities were dose-dependent. The observed types of abnormalities were autosomal univalents, chains, fragments, ring and ploidy spermatocytes. Regarding biochemical studies, a significant decrease below the normal level in the concentrations of plasma proteins, DNA and RNA was observed. Cholinesterase enzyme activity was also decreased significantly. In contrast, a gradual increase in gamma–glutamyl transferase activity as the dose of pesticide increased. The results indicated that the Nuvacrone organophosphorous pesticide, has a genotoxicological and biochemical harmful effects, attention should be paid towards it.
ELEMENT CONTENT IN SHREW CROCIDURA RUSSULA EXPOSED TO EFFLUENTS FROM A LANDFILL
A. Sánchez-Chardi, J. Nadal. Departament de Biologia Animal (Vertebrats), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España Landfills sites are the most common means of disposal of solid wastes in most Mediterranean countries. The liquid effluents from such wastes contain a large variety of potentially toxic compounds such as heavy metals and organic compounds. We assess the effects of effluents from the landfill at Garraf (Barcelona, NE Spain) on the bioaccumulation of elements (heavy metals and others) in wild small mammals. In the last 30 years this site has received and accumulated different kinds of wastes (approx. 400,000 t yr−1 ) from the city of Barcelona and the surrounding area (3 million inhabitants). The greater white-toothed shrew Crocidura russula (Hermann, 1780) was used as bioindicator. Our hypothesis is that waste effluents produce a direct increase in the accumulation of toxic elements in these animals, which leads indirectly to stress in the form of metabolic alteration and cell damage. From February to May, 1998, 56 adult wild shrews were collected in 2 areas: 1-Vall d’En Joan: affected by the effluents from the Garraf landfill (n=22) and 2- Olesa de Bonesvalls: A clean control site (n=34). All animals were sexed and aged. Liver and right kidney were removed from each animal, dried, and digested by nitric and perchloric acids in a clean room. Ca, S, Zn, Mg, Mn, Cu, Sr, Rb, Sn, Mo, Pb, Cr, Co, Ba, As and V were measured by Induced Coupled Plasma (ICP-MS and ICP-AES). Data were compared according to areas, sex and age by ANOVA tests. Results showed a significant increase of Ca (p=0.003), Pb (p<0.001), Cu (p<0.001) and Cr (p<0.001) in animals from the landfill area. Cr was detected only in animals from the polluted site. In addition, there was a tendency of certain elements such as S and Mn to increase in shrews from the polluted area. No differences between sexes or ages were observed. This study confirm the entrance of Pb, Cu and Cr from the landfill to the trophic chain. We conclude that the effluents from this landfill increase the accumulation of certain elements in these fauna. The greater white-toothed shrew may be a good bioindicator of the effects of low levels of heavy metal pollution in Mediterranean areas.
were within the range of values reported in literature, except for Zn, which showed the highest concentrations, higher than previously reported in literature. 541
HEAVY METALS IN LIVER OF THUNNUS THYNNUS FROM THE COAST OF THE SOUTHERN TYRRHENIAN SEA
P. Licata 1 , D. Trombetta 2 , M. Cristani 2 , M. Calò 1 , A. Celona 3 , F. Naccari 1 . 1 Department of Veterinary Public Health, University of Messina, Messina, Italy, 2 Department of Biologic-Pharmacy, University of Messina, Messina, Italy, 3 Aqua-Studio Research Institute, Messina, Italy Aim of the present study was to determine in bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) the levels of “toxic” (As, Cd, Hg and Pb) and “essential” (Cu, Mn and Zn) metals. In particular, our investigation was made in Thunnus thynnus (161–265 cm in length and 95–300 Kg in body weight) caugh by the deep-sea fishing in “Canale di Sicilia” during April 2002 and then stalled for six months in aquaculture centres located in coastal waters of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Quantitative analysis of Cd, Cu, Mn and Pb were carried out on 20 liver samples with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Varian model 220/Zeeman) equipped with graphite furnace and an air-acetylene flame for Zn; Hg was determined by the cold vapor generation technique and As was analyzed by hot vapor generation technique. Our results showed concentrations of both “toxic” and “essential” metals in line with those reported in literature. Among “toxic” metals, Cd concentrations (0.07–2.17 µg/g w.w.) were higher than other metals (As, Hg and Pb); while Pb levels (0.02–0.30 µg/g w.w.) were lowest. Concentrations of As and Hg (0.06–2.99 µg/g w.w. and 0.08– 1.86 µg/g w.w.) showed intermediate values respectively. Among the “toxic” metals studied, only Hg levels were lower than those reported for various coastal areas of the Mediterranean. As regards the “essential” metals, Zn concentrations (47.9–386.9 µg/g w.w.) were higher than other metals (Cu and Mn); Cu levels were lowest (0.05–3.26 µg/g w.w.) while Mn showed intermediate values (0.98– 5.71 µg/g w.w.). Altogether, the data obtained for “essential” metals
FLUCTUATION OF SOME HEAVY METALS THROUGH TWO ECOSYSTEMS
S.D. Brankovic 1 , D.B. Blagojevic 2 , S. Stankovic 3 , B. Petrovic 3 . 1 Institute for protection of nature of Serbia, dept. Nis, Nis, 2 Faculty of occupational safety, Nis, 3 Institute of public health Nis, Yugoslavia Point of this research was following concentration of lead, copper, cadmium, zinc and manganese in samples (soil, plants, tissues of pheasants and rabbits) taken from hunting ground Nis (South Serbia) and hunting ground Velika Greda (Vojvodina). The first sampling point is Vinik hill, near large city- Nis where probable sources of metals are industry and traffic. The second sampling point is small town with very high level of agricultural activities. Samples were taken during December 2000 and kept frozen at -20° C. Samples were analyzed by AAS method in flame. Results show that some samples are very close or cross over maximal aloud values according to the Yugoslav laws: Nis-kidneys of rabbit 0.0923 mg/kg (Cd), Backa Palanka-Soil 11.4542 mg/kg (Cd), 492.7576 mg/kg (Mn), plants 4.0271 mg/kg (Cd), muscle of pheasant 0.2066 mg/kg (Cd), liver of rabbit 0.5304 mg/kg (Cd), muscle of rabbit 0.2871 mg/kg (Cd). Our experimental approach to this problem will provide fundamental information on how these of contaminants interact, and provide the basis for making ecologically sound decisions concerning appropriate bioremediation or mitigation strategies for contaminated field sites, as well as base for making a model for risk assessment that considers the population which use meat of these animals as food.
P27 Pesticides 542
540
s145
GENOTOXICOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL HAMFULL EFFECTS FOR THE ORGANOPHOSPHOURUS PESTICIDE NUVACRONE ON ALBINO MICE AND THEIR EMBRYOS
K.B. Abd el Aziz, E.M. El Nahas, M. Zahran, A. Abdel Raoof. Cell Biology Department, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt Nuvacrone, which is one from the most fast acting organophosphorous pesticides, was tested for its genotoxicological effects (chromosomal abnormalities) on adult males, pregnant females of mouse as well as their embryos. Some biochemical parameters such as changes in Nucleic acid concentrations, total protein and enzyme activity, were also studied. For conducting the study, three different doses were orally administrated (0.65; 0.25; 0.30 mg/Kg) a parallel control group was kept at the same time. Concerning the chromosomal abnormalities, the observed types were mainly in the form of gaps, breaks, centromeric attenuations, centric fusions, end to end associations, deletions and endomitosis. In contrast, polyploidy cell was the only observed type of chromosomal abnormality. All the treatments showed a highly significant increase over the control group (P<0.001) for the recorded structural abnormalities. It was also observed that the percentages of the abnormalities were dosedependent. Abnormalities in germ cells (spermatocytes) of treated males showed also a highly significant increase over the control for the 3 doses tested; also the percentages of the abnormalities were dose-dependent. The observed types of abnormalities were autosomal univalents, chains, fragments, ring and ploidy spermatocytes. Regarding biochemical studies, a significant decrease below the normal level in the concentrations of plasma proteins, DNA and RNA was observed. Cholinesterase enzyme activity was also decreased significantly. In contrast, a gradual increase in gamma–glutamyl transferase activity as the dose of pesticide increased. The results indicated that the Nuvacrone organophosphorous pesticide, has a genotoxicological and biochemical harmful effects, attention should be paid towards it.