- Email: [email protected]
54130 Performance demonstration in NDT by statistical methods: ROC for ultrasonic testing of CFRP material
ND T Abstracts Hsu, D.K.; Patton, T.C. Development of ultrasonic inspection for adhesive bonds in aging aircraft 54135
Materials Evaluation, Vol. 51, No. 12, pp. 1390-1397 (Dec. 1993) This paper describes ~ c h results aimed at the development of a water-coupled, closed-cycle ultrasonic method using a focused beam of broadband pulse for the nondestructive inspection of adhesively bonded aircraft fuselage structures. This approach, referred to as the "dripless bubbler" technique, retains the advantages of an immersion ultrasonic method but solves the problem of uncontained couplant. It is adaptable to existing hand scanners or motorized scanners that are attachable to a fuselage. The types of flaws addressed in this work include disbonds and corrosion in adhesively bonded lap splices, doublers, or tear straps. Attention is given to realistic inspection problems such as probe tilting, protruding rivets, and thickness variations in adhesive, paint, and aluminum skin.
Tillack. G.R.; Nockemann, C.; Schnitger, D.; Hobbs, C. Performance demonstration in NDT by statistical methods: R O C for ultrasonic testing of CFRP material
54130
European Journal of Non-Destructive Testing, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 88-92 (Jan. 1994) The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) method is used to describe and compare the performance of NDT inspection techniques and devices. The power of the method is demonstrated in terms of the ultrasonic testing of carbon fibre reinforced plastics, as used in space and aircraft manufacturing. The main thrust of the investigation was to quantify the dependence of the tesdng performance on the ultrasonic frequency and the form of the technique used (reflective and transmission).
Komsky,I.N.; Achenbach, J.D.; Hagemaier, D. Computerized self-compensating system for ultrasonic inspection of airplane s t r u c t u r e s 53966
ASNT 1993 Fall Conference and Quality Testing Show. NDT: A Partner in Engineering Innovation, Long Beach, California (United States), 8-12 Nov. 1993. pp. 77-79. ASNT (1993). A prototype computerized ultrasonic system, which utilizes the selfcompensating method, has been developed for non-destructive inspection of multilayered airplane structures with in-between sealants, such as bolted joints in tail connections.
Tougard,D. Improvements of the acoustic fatigue testing strategy of advanced composite and metallic s t r u c t u r e s 53955
Aerodays 1993. Proceedings of the 2nd Community Aeronautics RTD conference, Naples (Italy), 4-5 Oct. 1993. pp. 517-526. EURo 14977-EN. (1993). ISBN 9282663019. The Brite/Euram programme ACOUFAT is concerned with "Acoustic fatigue and related damage tolerance of advanced composite and metallic structures". Following a brief introduction of the study, 2 main fields of the ACOUFAT results are discussed: 1: The use of a "frequency degradation" criterion, and 2: The excitation of structures by aero- acoustic loads. The safety and the efficiency of aircraft operations and the maintenance costs of future aeronautical structures are considered. 53927 Monchalin, J.-P. P r o g r e s s towards the application
of laser-ultrasonics
in
industry Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, La Jolla, California (United States), 19-24 Jul. 1992. Vol. 12A, pp. 495-506. Edited by D.O. Thompson and D.E. Chimenti, Plenum Press (1993). ISBN 0-306-44483-6. Following a description of some background information on laser generation and detection of ultrasound related to industrial applications, we describe the joint effort of the Industrial Materials Institute and Ultra-Optec inc tO apply this technique to two major industrial areas, the aeronautic industry using advanced composite materials and the steel industry.
McKie,A.D.W.; Addison, R.C. Rapid inspection of composites using laser-based ultrasound 53926
Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, La Jolla, California (United States), 19-24 Jul. 1992. Vol. 12A, pp. 507-516. Edited by D.O. Thompson and D.E. Chimenti, Plenum Press (1993). ISBN 0-306 ~4483-6. A comparison was made of the relative efficiencies of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser and a pulsed CO laser when used for ultrasonic generation in both coated and uncoated graphite/epoxy composites. The CO laser was the preferred source for the rapid inspection of uncoated graphite/epoxy
specimens. The Nd:YAG laser was a more efficient ultrasonic source in uncoated composite materials. Results suggest that the increased ultrasonic generation efficiency is caused by increased optical penetration of the Nd:YAG laser wavelenglh which results in a buried source with a resin layer acting as a surface constraint. 53915 Chang, F.H.; Drake, T.E.; Osterkamp, M.A.; Prowant, R.S.; Monchalin, J.P.; Heon, R.; Bouchard, P.; Padioleau, C.; Froom, D.A.; Frazier, W. Barton, J.P. L a s e r ultrasonic inspection of honeycomb aircraft s t r u c t u r e s Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, La Jolla, California (United States), 19-24 Jul. 1992. Vol. 12A, pp. 611-616. Edited by D.O. Thompson and D.E. Chimenti, Plenum Press (1993). ISBN 0-306-44483-6. A novel inspection method using lasers for the generation and detection of ultrasound has been cooperatively developed. The laser ultrasonic method does not require a couplant between the inspection system and the part. In this paper, a brief system description will be followed by results obtained on primarily adhesively bonded honeycomb structures with metallic and non-metallic cores. 53903 Chiou,C.-P.; Schmerr, L.W.; Thompson, R.B. Ultrasonic flaw detection using neural network models and
statistical analysis: simulation studies Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, La Jolla, California (United States), 19-24 Jul. 1992. Vol. 12A, pp. 789-795. Edited by D.O. Thompson and D.E. Chimenti, Plenum Press (1993). ISBN 0-306-44483-6. This paper describes the signal simulation procedures and the signal pre-processing steps that were performed to extract useful features from simulated ultrasonic A-scan data. Preliminary results for detection of hard-alpha inclusions using these features are presented for an adaptive backpropagation network, a probabilistic network, and a statistical correlation classifier. Performance of these algorithms are evaluated based on their operating characteristics such as probability of detection (POD) and probability of false alarm (POF) versus various parameter settings. Classification of flaws via statistical correlation calculations is shown to be analogous to the match filter approach in signal processing. This correlation classifier can achieve good POD at the cost of intensive computations. 53702 Tittmann,B.R. E x p e r i m e n t a l techniques in ultrasonics for NDE and material characterization Flight-Vehicle Materials, Structures, and Dynamics. Tribological Materials and NDE. Vol. 4. Edited by R.L. Fusaro and J.D. Achenbach. pp. 181-205. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (1992). ISBN 0791806626 This article presents a survey of recent work on experimental techniques in ultrasonics for NDE and material characterization with emphasis on composites. The techniques presented could be employed for range of uses, including in-process monitoring (composite curing), post-manufacturing inspection for quality insurance, and in-service inspection, such as is required for in-space environments. The materials discussed include titanium alloy, graphite fiber-reinforced epoxy (Gr/Ep), and aluminum honeycomb. The techniques are all based on the use of ultrasonic waves that are coupled to the part either by optical means, and therefore by noncontact, or through water in an immersion tank, or with the aid of a contacting thin liquid coating.
Vinh, T.; Chevalier, Y. Dynamic ultrasonic damage indicators and applications to advanced composite materials 53697
Structural Integrity Assessment. Edited by P. Stanley. pp. 280-289. Elsevier Applied Science (1992) Velocities and attenuations of ultrasonic waves of various kinds are used as dynamic damage indicators for composite material based structures. Some results of research carried out in our laboratories on advanced composites for aeronautical applications, are presented.
Marioli-riga, Z.P.; Karanika, A.N.; Philppidis, T.P.; Paipetis. S.A. Damage detection by acousto-ultrasonic location (AUL) 53670
Hellenic
Aerospace
Industry,
Schimatari
(Greece),
N93-
21529/I/GAR, 3 pp. (Dec, 1992) A new technique based on the Acousto-Ultrasonic (AU) concept is introduced, the characteristics of waves reflected from defects are measured. In this way it was possible to identify and locate defected areas in honeycomb panels and thermoplastic carbon fiber laminates. The results
NDT&E International 1994 Volume 27, Number 3
155
Materials Evaluation, Vol. 51, No. 12, pp. 1390-1397 (Dec. 1993) This paper describes ~ c h results aimed at the development of a water-coupled, closed-cycle ultrasonic method using a focused beam of broadband pulse for the nondestructive inspection of adhesively bonded aircraft fuselage structures. This approach, referred to as the "dripless bubbler" technique, retains the advantages of an immersion ultrasonic method but solves the problem of uncontained couplant. It is adaptable to existing hand scanners or motorized scanners that are attachable to a fuselage. The types of flaws addressed in this work include disbonds and corrosion in adhesively bonded lap splices, doublers, or tear straps. Attention is given to realistic inspection problems such as probe tilting, protruding rivets, and thickness variations in adhesive, paint, and aluminum skin.
Tillack. G.R.; Nockemann, C.; Schnitger, D.; Hobbs, C. Performance demonstration in NDT by statistical methods: R O C for ultrasonic testing of CFRP material
54130
European Journal of Non-Destructive Testing, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 88-92 (Jan. 1994) The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) method is used to describe and compare the performance of NDT inspection techniques and devices. The power of the method is demonstrated in terms of the ultrasonic testing of carbon fibre reinforced plastics, as used in space and aircraft manufacturing. The main thrust of the investigation was to quantify the dependence of the tesdng performance on the ultrasonic frequency and the form of the technique used (reflective and transmission).
Komsky,I.N.; Achenbach, J.D.; Hagemaier, D. Computerized self-compensating system for ultrasonic inspection of airplane s t r u c t u r e s 53966
ASNT 1993 Fall Conference and Quality Testing Show. NDT: A Partner in Engineering Innovation, Long Beach, California (United States), 8-12 Nov. 1993. pp. 77-79. ASNT (1993). A prototype computerized ultrasonic system, which utilizes the selfcompensating method, has been developed for non-destructive inspection of multilayered airplane structures with in-between sealants, such as bolted joints in tail connections.
Tougard,D. Improvements of the acoustic fatigue testing strategy of advanced composite and metallic s t r u c t u r e s 53955
Aerodays 1993. Proceedings of the 2nd Community Aeronautics RTD conference, Naples (Italy), 4-5 Oct. 1993. pp. 517-526. EURo 14977-EN. (1993). ISBN 9282663019. The Brite/Euram programme ACOUFAT is concerned with "Acoustic fatigue and related damage tolerance of advanced composite and metallic structures". Following a brief introduction of the study, 2 main fields of the ACOUFAT results are discussed: 1: The use of a "frequency degradation" criterion, and 2: The excitation of structures by aero- acoustic loads. The safety and the efficiency of aircraft operations and the maintenance costs of future aeronautical structures are considered. 53927 Monchalin, J.-P. P r o g r e s s towards the application
of laser-ultrasonics
in
industry Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, La Jolla, California (United States), 19-24 Jul. 1992. Vol. 12A, pp. 495-506. Edited by D.O. Thompson and D.E. Chimenti, Plenum Press (1993). ISBN 0-306-44483-6. Following a description of some background information on laser generation and detection of ultrasound related to industrial applications, we describe the joint effort of the Industrial Materials Institute and Ultra-Optec inc tO apply this technique to two major industrial areas, the aeronautic industry using advanced composite materials and the steel industry.
McKie,A.D.W.; Addison, R.C. Rapid inspection of composites using laser-based ultrasound 53926
Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, La Jolla, California (United States), 19-24 Jul. 1992. Vol. 12A, pp. 507-516. Edited by D.O. Thompson and D.E. Chimenti, Plenum Press (1993). ISBN 0-306 ~4483-6. A comparison was made of the relative efficiencies of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser and a pulsed CO laser when used for ultrasonic generation in both coated and uncoated graphite/epoxy composites. The CO laser was the preferred source for the rapid inspection of uncoated graphite/epoxy
specimens. The Nd:YAG laser was a more efficient ultrasonic source in uncoated composite materials. Results suggest that the increased ultrasonic generation efficiency is caused by increased optical penetration of the Nd:YAG laser wavelenglh which results in a buried source with a resin layer acting as a surface constraint. 53915 Chang, F.H.; Drake, T.E.; Osterkamp, M.A.; Prowant, R.S.; Monchalin, J.P.; Heon, R.; Bouchard, P.; Padioleau, C.; Froom, D.A.; Frazier, W. Barton, J.P. L a s e r ultrasonic inspection of honeycomb aircraft s t r u c t u r e s Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, La Jolla, California (United States), 19-24 Jul. 1992. Vol. 12A, pp. 611-616. Edited by D.O. Thompson and D.E. Chimenti, Plenum Press (1993). ISBN 0-306-44483-6. A novel inspection method using lasers for the generation and detection of ultrasound has been cooperatively developed. The laser ultrasonic method does not require a couplant between the inspection system and the part. In this paper, a brief system description will be followed by results obtained on primarily adhesively bonded honeycomb structures with metallic and non-metallic cores. 53903 Chiou,C.-P.; Schmerr, L.W.; Thompson, R.B. Ultrasonic flaw detection using neural network models and
statistical analysis: simulation studies Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, La Jolla, California (United States), 19-24 Jul. 1992. Vol. 12A, pp. 789-795. Edited by D.O. Thompson and D.E. Chimenti, Plenum Press (1993). ISBN 0-306-44483-6. This paper describes the signal simulation procedures and the signal pre-processing steps that were performed to extract useful features from simulated ultrasonic A-scan data. Preliminary results for detection of hard-alpha inclusions using these features are presented for an adaptive backpropagation network, a probabilistic network, and a statistical correlation classifier. Performance of these algorithms are evaluated based on their operating characteristics such as probability of detection (POD) and probability of false alarm (POF) versus various parameter settings. Classification of flaws via statistical correlation calculations is shown to be analogous to the match filter approach in signal processing. This correlation classifier can achieve good POD at the cost of intensive computations. 53702 Tittmann,B.R. E x p e r i m e n t a l techniques in ultrasonics for NDE and material characterization Flight-Vehicle Materials, Structures, and Dynamics. Tribological Materials and NDE. Vol. 4. Edited by R.L. Fusaro and J.D. Achenbach. pp. 181-205. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (1992). ISBN 0791806626 This article presents a survey of recent work on experimental techniques in ultrasonics for NDE and material characterization with emphasis on composites. The techniques presented could be employed for range of uses, including in-process monitoring (composite curing), post-manufacturing inspection for quality insurance, and in-service inspection, such as is required for in-space environments. The materials discussed include titanium alloy, graphite fiber-reinforced epoxy (Gr/Ep), and aluminum honeycomb. The techniques are all based on the use of ultrasonic waves that are coupled to the part either by optical means, and therefore by noncontact, or through water in an immersion tank, or with the aid of a contacting thin liquid coating.
Vinh, T.; Chevalier, Y. Dynamic ultrasonic damage indicators and applications to advanced composite materials 53697
Structural Integrity Assessment. Edited by P. Stanley. pp. 280-289. Elsevier Applied Science (1992) Velocities and attenuations of ultrasonic waves of various kinds are used as dynamic damage indicators for composite material based structures. Some results of research carried out in our laboratories on advanced composites for aeronautical applications, are presented.
Marioli-riga, Z.P.; Karanika, A.N.; Philppidis, T.P.; Paipetis. S.A. Damage detection by acousto-ultrasonic location (AUL) 53670
Hellenic
Aerospace
Industry,
Schimatari
(Greece),
N93-
21529/I/GAR, 3 pp. (Dec, 1992) A new technique based on the Acousto-Ultrasonic (AU) concept is introduced, the characteristics of waves reflected from defects are measured. In this way it was possible to identify and locate defected areas in honeycomb panels and thermoplastic carbon fiber laminates. The results
NDT&E International 1994 Volume 27, Number 3
155