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555 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JOB STRESS AND DYSLIPIDEMIA
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Atherosclerosis Supplements 12, no. 1 (2011) 13–184
Material and Methods: The study included 194 male Spanish subjects aged 26 y-o who were divided in 3 groups according to the WC: Normal (<94 cms); moderate (>or = 94 cms) and elevated risk (>or = 102 cms). Body mass index (BMI), WC, BP, serum profile lipids, glucose and insulin were measured by standard methods. The homeostasis model assessment was applied to estimate the degree of insulin resistance (HOMAIR). Pulse wave analysis (Sphygmocor, AtCor Medical) was used to calculate central pulse wave velocity (PWC), assessed in 60 subjects. Results: A multivariate analysis showed that HOMAIR was significantly associated with WC (P > 0.009) and triglycerides (P < 0.003; r2: 0.13). Central PWC was significantly (p < 0.01) increased in subjects with WC > 102 cm as compared with normal and moderated risk. Conclusions: WC was independently associated with certain cardiovascular risk factors, in particular insulin resistance. PWC was increased in the elevated risk group indentifying subjects who presented increase cardiovascular risk. 555 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JOB STRESS AND DYSLIPIDEMIA 3 ´ SanchezP. Valdivielso1 , C. Catalina-Romero2 , A. Gonzalez-Quintela ´ , M.A. ´ 2 Chaparro4 , J.C. Sainz-Gutierrez ´ , C. Sanz-Mart´ın2 , F. Gutierrez-Gonz ´ alez ´ 2, 2 5 1 E. Calvo , L.M. Ruilope . Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, 2 Ibermutuamur, Madrid, 3 Santiago de Compostela University, Santiago de 5 ´ Hospital 12 de Octubre, Compostela, 4 Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Madrid, Spain Objective: To investigate an association between job stress, lipid profile and dyslipidemia diagnosis. Methods: This study used a questionnaire to evaluate job stress and lifestyle variables in 91,593 workers who underwent periodic check-ups. Serum lipid levels were measured in all cases. Results: The prevalence of job stress was 8.7% (95% CI, 8.5−8.8%). Workers with job stress had higher prevalence of previous dyslipidemia diagnosis (P < 0.001), lipid-lowering therapy (P < 0.001), altered total-cholesterol (P = 0.001), HDL-cholesterol (P < 0.001), and LDL-cholesterol levels (P = 0.02) than workers without stress. After adjusting for potential confounding variables job stress was still associated with high LDL-cholesterol (OR = 1.14; 95% CI, 1.05–1.23), low HDL-cholesterol (OR 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01–1.15), high total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio (OR 1.13; 95% CI, 1.05–1.23) and high LDLcholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio (OR 1.11; 95% CI, 1.04–1.19). Conclusion: These results support the hypothesis of an association between job stress and lipid disturbances. 556 INFLAMMATION AND CARDIOVASCULAR FITNESS IS GENDER AND BODY MASS INDEX DEPENDENT I. Shapira, O. Rogowski, S. Berliner. Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel Background: Low grade inflammation as expressed in the presence of increased high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in the peripheral blood might contribute to accelerated atherothrombosis. It is known that hs-CRP is inversely related to physical fitness but the inter-relation with body mass index (BMI) has not been established. The objective of this study was to determine the inter-relation between physical fitness and body mass index (BMI). Methods: We examined the correlation (with and without BMI adjustment) between physical fitness and hs-CRP concentrations in a group of 1604 apparently healthy individuals (974 men and 630 women) at a mean±SD age of 46.9±10.7 years. Results: For each of the following groups, healthy, healthy and obese, healthy including smokers, individuals with atherothrombotic risk factors without medications and for the entire population, a significant inverse correlation was found between physical fitness and hs-CRP concentrations. This correlation was markedly attenuated following BMI adjustment in both genders. Conclusion: We conclude that both fitness and BMI are related to the concentrations of hs-CRP in the peripheral blood. This observation is suggestive that both enhanced physical activity and overweight reduction should be recommended in order to obtain an attenuation of the low grade internal inflammation in apparently healthy individuals. 557 A 12-WEEK CIRCUIT RESISTANCE PROGRAM IMPROVED ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME ACTIVITY IN YOUNG ADULTS WITH DOWN SYNDROME F.J. Ordonez1 , I. Rosety1 , A. Camacho-Molina2 , M.A. Rosety3 , M. Rosety1 , G. Fornieles4 , N. Garcia5 , M. Rosety-Rodriguez4 , A.J. Diaz-Ordonez3 . 1 Human Anatomy, University of Cadiz, 2 Internal Medicine, Juan Ramon Jimenez General Hospital, 3 Sports Medicine, 4 Medicine, 5 Pathology, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain Background and Aim: Several studies have reported aerobic training may improve antioxidant defense system in individuals with Down syndrome. However to our knowledge there is no information regarding the influence of resistance training. Accordingly the present study was undertaken to ascertain
Poster presentations
the influence of a circuit resistance training in erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity) in young adults with Down syndrome. Materials and Methods: Thirty young adults with Down syndrome (23.6±1.8years-old; 167.1±5.2 cm; 83.9±4.6kg) performed a 12-week circuit resistance program. It consisted of 50−60 min of circuit resistance training per day, 3 days a week, for 12 weeks. This training was circularly performed in 11 stations involving the upper and lower body and included four sets with 12 maximal repetitions at 55% of 1-RM in each station, increasing a 5% each 4 weeks. Control group included 6 age, sex and BMI-matched individuals with trisomy 21 that did not perform any training program. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (E.C.1.11.1.9), was determinated in the supernatant of erythrocyte hemolysates. The conversion of NADPH to NADP was evaluated using UV absorbance at 340 nm. Our protocol was approved by an Ethics Committee. Results: When compared to baseline, glutathione peroxidase activity (GPX) was increased significantly after our 12-week resistance training program (22.1±2.7 vs 28.6±2.3 U/gHb; p < 0.0001). Conversely, no changes were reported in controls. Conclusion: A 12-week circuit resistance program increased GPX activity in young adults with Down syndrome. Further studies are required to explore whether this improvement was enough to protect against oxidation of macromolecules. 558 INCREASING INTENSITIES OF LEISURE-TIME PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ARE ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER LEVELS OF C-REACTIVE PROTEIN IN HEALTHY 58-YEAR OLD MEN C. Schmidt, G. Bergstrom. ¨ Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular ¨ Research, Gothenburg University, Goteborg, Sweden Introduction: Physical activity helps protect against numerous chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease risk factors. One of the mechanisms through which physical activity might promote cardiovascular health is by preventing changes in inflammation biomarkers. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate how leisure-time physical activity relates to levels of C-reactive protein. Material and Methods: We recruited 391 clinically healthy 58-year-old men from the general population of Goteborg, ¨ Sweden. The level of leisure time physical activity was assessed by a self-administered, three-scale questionnaire and levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), was measured. Results: Compared to a sedentary lifestyle both moderate physical activity and vigorous physical activity were associated with decrease in CRP levels [1.81, (0.94–3.69) vs. 1.28, (0.55–2.90), p < 0.05] and [1.81 (0.94–3.69) vs 0.88 (0.42– 1.81) p < 0.001], respectively. Further, a multivariate linear regression analysis of CRP according to physical activity adjusted for cigarette years, waist-hip ratio, serum insulin and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) showed that physical activity and apoA-I were strongly and independetly associated with CRP (b = −0.189, p = 0.016; b = −0.226, p = 0.003, respectively). Conclusion: We identified an association between self-reported physical activity and CRP in a cross-sectional study of healthy 58-year-old men. Importantly, a favourable association was observed for CRP already at moderate levels of physical activity supporting the idea that some activity is better than none in terms of health benefits. 559 WALKING THERAPY FOR PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS AND PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE WHO ARE LIMITED BY LEG PAIN AND/OR FATIGUE T. Collins. Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Introduction and Objective: We sought to determine the efficacy of a homebased walking program to improve treadmill walking distance in persons with diabetes mellitus and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) limited by leg pain and fatigue versus fatigue alone. Design: We randomized patients with diabetes mellitus and PAD into a two-arm, six-month trial. The two study arms were attention control and a home-based walking intervention. Linear regression was used to assess the relationship between group assignment and each outcome. Results: We randomized 145 patients and 106 terminated treadmill testing secondary to severe leg pain and fatigue while 31 terminated testing secondary to fatigue alone. Comparing change from baseline to 6-months, control participants who terminated testing secondary to leg pain and fatigue improved their maximal walking distance by 48.0 (20.9) meters versus 24.3 (21.6) meters for intervention participants, P=NS. Additionally, change from baseline to 6-months in onset to pain distance increased by 50.2 (21.7) meters for control participants versus 54.6 (28.4) meters for intervention participants, P=NS. For persons who terminated testing because of fatigue alone, change from baseline to 6-months in maximal walking distance was 28.4 (52.7)) meters for control participants versus 46.7 (31.7) for intervention participants, P=NS. Additionally, change from baseline to 6-months in onset to pain distance was 38.0 (52.6) for control participants as compared to 139.1 (34.6) for intervention participants, P = 0.10.
Atherosclerosis Supplements 12, no. 1 (2011) 13–184
Material and Methods: The study included 194 male Spanish subjects aged 26 y-o who were divided in 3 groups according to the WC: Normal (<94 cms); moderate (>or = 94 cms) and elevated risk (>or = 102 cms). Body mass index (BMI), WC, BP, serum profile lipids, glucose and insulin were measured by standard methods. The homeostasis model assessment was applied to estimate the degree of insulin resistance (HOMAIR). Pulse wave analysis (Sphygmocor, AtCor Medical) was used to calculate central pulse wave velocity (PWC), assessed in 60 subjects. Results: A multivariate analysis showed that HOMAIR was significantly associated with WC (P > 0.009) and triglycerides (P < 0.003; r2: 0.13). Central PWC was significantly (p < 0.01) increased in subjects with WC > 102 cm as compared with normal and moderated risk. Conclusions: WC was independently associated with certain cardiovascular risk factors, in particular insulin resistance. PWC was increased in the elevated risk group indentifying subjects who presented increase cardiovascular risk. 555 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JOB STRESS AND DYSLIPIDEMIA 3 ´ SanchezP. Valdivielso1 , C. Catalina-Romero2 , A. Gonzalez-Quintela ´ , M.A. ´ 2 Chaparro4 , J.C. Sainz-Gutierrez ´ , C. Sanz-Mart´ın2 , F. Gutierrez-Gonz ´ alez ´ 2, 2 5 1 E. Calvo , L.M. Ruilope . Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, 2 Ibermutuamur, Madrid, 3 Santiago de Compostela University, Santiago de 5 ´ Hospital 12 de Octubre, Compostela, 4 Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Madrid, Spain Objective: To investigate an association between job stress, lipid profile and dyslipidemia diagnosis. Methods: This study used a questionnaire to evaluate job stress and lifestyle variables in 91,593 workers who underwent periodic check-ups. Serum lipid levels were measured in all cases. Results: The prevalence of job stress was 8.7% (95% CI, 8.5−8.8%). Workers with job stress had higher prevalence of previous dyslipidemia diagnosis (P < 0.001), lipid-lowering therapy (P < 0.001), altered total-cholesterol (P = 0.001), HDL-cholesterol (P < 0.001), and LDL-cholesterol levels (P = 0.02) than workers without stress. After adjusting for potential confounding variables job stress was still associated with high LDL-cholesterol (OR = 1.14; 95% CI, 1.05–1.23), low HDL-cholesterol (OR 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01–1.15), high total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio (OR 1.13; 95% CI, 1.05–1.23) and high LDLcholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio (OR 1.11; 95% CI, 1.04–1.19). Conclusion: These results support the hypothesis of an association between job stress and lipid disturbances. 556 INFLAMMATION AND CARDIOVASCULAR FITNESS IS GENDER AND BODY MASS INDEX DEPENDENT I. Shapira, O. Rogowski, S. Berliner. Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel Background: Low grade inflammation as expressed in the presence of increased high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in the peripheral blood might contribute to accelerated atherothrombosis. It is known that hs-CRP is inversely related to physical fitness but the inter-relation with body mass index (BMI) has not been established. The objective of this study was to determine the inter-relation between physical fitness and body mass index (BMI). Methods: We examined the correlation (with and without BMI adjustment) between physical fitness and hs-CRP concentrations in a group of 1604 apparently healthy individuals (974 men and 630 women) at a mean±SD age of 46.9±10.7 years. Results: For each of the following groups, healthy, healthy and obese, healthy including smokers, individuals with atherothrombotic risk factors without medications and for the entire population, a significant inverse correlation was found between physical fitness and hs-CRP concentrations. This correlation was markedly attenuated following BMI adjustment in both genders. Conclusion: We conclude that both fitness and BMI are related to the concentrations of hs-CRP in the peripheral blood. This observation is suggestive that both enhanced physical activity and overweight reduction should be recommended in order to obtain an attenuation of the low grade internal inflammation in apparently healthy individuals. 557 A 12-WEEK CIRCUIT RESISTANCE PROGRAM IMPROVED ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME ACTIVITY IN YOUNG ADULTS WITH DOWN SYNDROME F.J. Ordonez1 , I. Rosety1 , A. Camacho-Molina2 , M.A. Rosety3 , M. Rosety1 , G. Fornieles4 , N. Garcia5 , M. Rosety-Rodriguez4 , A.J. Diaz-Ordonez3 . 1 Human Anatomy, University of Cadiz, 2 Internal Medicine, Juan Ramon Jimenez General Hospital, 3 Sports Medicine, 4 Medicine, 5 Pathology, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain Background and Aim: Several studies have reported aerobic training may improve antioxidant defense system in individuals with Down syndrome. However to our knowledge there is no information regarding the influence of resistance training. Accordingly the present study was undertaken to ascertain
Poster presentations
the influence of a circuit resistance training in erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity) in young adults with Down syndrome. Materials and Methods: Thirty young adults with Down syndrome (23.6±1.8years-old; 167.1±5.2 cm; 83.9±4.6kg) performed a 12-week circuit resistance program. It consisted of 50−60 min of circuit resistance training per day, 3 days a week, for 12 weeks. This training was circularly performed in 11 stations involving the upper and lower body and included four sets with 12 maximal repetitions at 55% of 1-RM in each station, increasing a 5% each 4 weeks. Control group included 6 age, sex and BMI-matched individuals with trisomy 21 that did not perform any training program. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (E.C.1.11.1.9), was determinated in the supernatant of erythrocyte hemolysates. The conversion of NADPH to NADP was evaluated using UV absorbance at 340 nm. Our protocol was approved by an Ethics Committee. Results: When compared to baseline, glutathione peroxidase activity (GPX) was increased significantly after our 12-week resistance training program (22.1±2.7 vs 28.6±2.3 U/gHb; p < 0.0001). Conversely, no changes were reported in controls. Conclusion: A 12-week circuit resistance program increased GPX activity in young adults with Down syndrome. Further studies are required to explore whether this improvement was enough to protect against oxidation of macromolecules. 558 INCREASING INTENSITIES OF LEISURE-TIME PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ARE ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER LEVELS OF C-REACTIVE PROTEIN IN HEALTHY 58-YEAR OLD MEN C. Schmidt, G. Bergstrom. ¨ Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular ¨ Research, Gothenburg University, Goteborg, Sweden Introduction: Physical activity helps protect against numerous chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease risk factors. One of the mechanisms through which physical activity might promote cardiovascular health is by preventing changes in inflammation biomarkers. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate how leisure-time physical activity relates to levels of C-reactive protein. Material and Methods: We recruited 391 clinically healthy 58-year-old men from the general population of Goteborg, ¨ Sweden. The level of leisure time physical activity was assessed by a self-administered, three-scale questionnaire and levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), was measured. Results: Compared to a sedentary lifestyle both moderate physical activity and vigorous physical activity were associated with decrease in CRP levels [1.81, (0.94–3.69) vs. 1.28, (0.55–2.90), p < 0.05] and [1.81 (0.94–3.69) vs 0.88 (0.42– 1.81) p < 0.001], respectively. Further, a multivariate linear regression analysis of CRP according to physical activity adjusted for cigarette years, waist-hip ratio, serum insulin and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) showed that physical activity and apoA-I were strongly and independetly associated with CRP (b = −0.189, p = 0.016; b = −0.226, p = 0.003, respectively). Conclusion: We identified an association between self-reported physical activity and CRP in a cross-sectional study of healthy 58-year-old men. Importantly, a favourable association was observed for CRP already at moderate levels of physical activity supporting the idea that some activity is better than none in terms of health benefits. 559 WALKING THERAPY FOR PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS AND PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE WHO ARE LIMITED BY LEG PAIN AND/OR FATIGUE T. Collins. Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Introduction and Objective: We sought to determine the efficacy of a homebased walking program to improve treadmill walking distance in persons with diabetes mellitus and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) limited by leg pain and fatigue versus fatigue alone. Design: We randomized patients with diabetes mellitus and PAD into a two-arm, six-month trial. The two study arms were attention control and a home-based walking intervention. Linear regression was used to assess the relationship between group assignment and each outcome. Results: We randomized 145 patients and 106 terminated treadmill testing secondary to severe leg pain and fatigue while 31 terminated testing secondary to fatigue alone. Comparing change from baseline to 6-months, control participants who terminated testing secondary to leg pain and fatigue improved their maximal walking distance by 48.0 (20.9) meters versus 24.3 (21.6) meters for intervention participants, P=NS. Additionally, change from baseline to 6-months in onset to pain distance increased by 50.2 (21.7) meters for control participants versus 54.6 (28.4) meters for intervention participants, P=NS. For persons who terminated testing because of fatigue alone, change from baseline to 6-months in maximal walking distance was 28.4 (52.7)) meters for control participants versus 46.7 (31.7) for intervention participants, P=NS. Additionally, change from baseline to 6-months in onset to pain distance was 38.0 (52.6) for control participants as compared to 139.1 (34.6) for intervention participants, P = 0.10.