- Email: [email protected]
57 Modifiable and Non-modifiable Risk Factors for Breast Cancer in Turkish Women and Their Health Beliefs
European Journal of Oncology Nursing 16S1 (2012) S21–S46
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
European Journal of Oncology Nursing journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ejon
Poster Presentations
Introduction: Primary diagnostic tools for testicular cancer are testicular clinical and self examination. It is important to know what factors affect individuals in their use of these tools. The aim of this study was to create a scale that combined the basic components of the health belief model with a focus on testicular cancer and testicular self examination. Material and Method: This methodological research was carried out in Turkey in 2011. A total of 440 healthy university students (mean age and standard deviation 19.7±1.5) was selected. In order to constitute the Turkish form of Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale for testicular cancer and testicular self examination was performed using judges’ expertise and pilot study steps. SPSS 16.0 package program was used in the statistical analyses of data. In this methodological study, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used for psychometric evaluation. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to evaluate the reliability of the scale. Results and Discussion: The scale was composed of 41 items and six subscales. Based on interpretations of a principal components analysis, a 6 domain structure was identified which included frequency of susceptibility, seriousness, benefits, barriers, self-efficacy, and health motivation. Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficients for the six subscales ranged from 0.62 to 0.86. Conclusions: The Health Belief Model Scale for testicular cancer screening was found to be a valid and reliable tool in assessing the men’s health beliefs. Turkish forms of it can be used to determine and improve the testicular self examination beliefs and practice.
and mammography (MMG). Performing regular BSE and having MMG have been associated with health belief variables such as perceived susceptibility to BC, seriousness of BC, the benefits of and barriers to BSE combined with low confidence in its efficacy. The purpose of this study were to determined various risk factors of BC by identifying common characteristics among women and understanding women’s health beliefs related to BC screening behaviours. Material and Method: This descriptive and cross-sectional research was performed from March 15 to June 15 in 2009, with a convenience sample of 2 094 women living in Ankara in Turkey. The data for this study was collected using a questionnaire form prepared by the researchers based on relevant literature, the Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool and Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS). A basic descriptive analysis of the data was carried out using frequency distributions. Non-parametric data of the CHBMS subscales’ scores were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results and Discussion: According to the risk score table, the average value of the total BC risk is 139.82±77.75. Of the subjects, 91.8% were found to be low risk, 5.3% moderate risk, and 3.2% high (0.4%) or very high risk (2.8%) of BC. Related with performing BSE, the subscales mean score were 7.72 (SD 2.55) for susceptibility, 20.42 (SD 5.55) for seriousness, 15.30 (SD 3.50) for benefits to BSE, 18.57 (SD 5.90) for barriers to BSE, 33.22 (SD 8.76) for confidence, and 20.30 (SD 4.50) for health motivation. Related with having MMG, the subscale score was 18.41 (SD 3.67) for benefits to MMG, and 26.72 (SD 8.13) for barriers to MMG. Participants who were in high risk groups had higher mean rank scores for perceived susceptibility (p = 0.000), confidence (BSE) self-efficiency (p = 0.000) and had lower for mean rank scores BSE-barriers (p = 0.011) and MMG-barriers (p = 0.000). Conclusion: It is important to be aware of the health beliefs of women regarding BSE and having MMG so that their own health can be protected and improved. Understanding the women’s health beliefs, attitude and behavior that are influential to make BSE, having CBE and MMG and having will guide nursing practices towards early diagnosis of BC at the societal level.
57 Modifiable and Non-modifiable Risk Factors for Breast Cancer in Turkish Women and Their Health Beliefs
58 International Early Lung Cancer Action Programme (IELCAP) in Spain – the Role of the Nurse Coordinator
M. Talas1 , Y. Kitis2 , N. Bilgili2 . 1 Ankara University Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing, Ankara, Turkey; 2 Gazi University Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing, Ankara, Turkey
U. Montes Ona1 , C. Arce Martinez2 , M. Ocon ´ De Miguel2 , 2 3 1 C. Martinez Penades , C. Fuertes Ran . Clinica Universitar´ıa of Navarra, Neumology: Lung Cancer Screening Programme, Pamplona, Spain; 2 Valencian Institut of Oncology (FIVO), Lung Cancer Screening Programme, Valencia, Spain; 3 Cl´ınica Universitaria of Navarra, Hepathology, Pamplona, Spain
Poster Session: Prevention and Early Detection 56 The Health Belief Model Scale for Testicular Cancer and Testicular Self-examination – a Comprehensive Validity and Reliability Study I. Aydin Avci1 , B. Altinel2 . 1 Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun School of Health, Head of Nursing Department, Turkey; 2 Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun Health Sciences Institute, Public Health Nursing Department, Turkey
Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies affecting women in Turkey. Non-modifiable risk factors for BC are gender, age, race, family history and reproductivemenstrual factors. Potentially modifiable risk factors include being obese after menopause, never having children or first live birth at a later age, using contraceptive pill, alcohol consumption, and smoking cigarette. The early detection methods of BC include breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE) 1462-3889/$ – see front matter © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Introduction: Lung cancer mortality is the highest among all cancers and early detection shows promising results in its diagnosis at curative stages. The IELCAP programme is an international early lung cancer program that has been performed in Spain since 2000 at the Clinica Universidad de Navarra and at the Valencian Institute
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
European Journal of Oncology Nursing journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ejon
Poster Presentations
Introduction: Primary diagnostic tools for testicular cancer are testicular clinical and self examination. It is important to know what factors affect individuals in their use of these tools. The aim of this study was to create a scale that combined the basic components of the health belief model with a focus on testicular cancer and testicular self examination. Material and Method: This methodological research was carried out in Turkey in 2011. A total of 440 healthy university students (mean age and standard deviation 19.7±1.5) was selected. In order to constitute the Turkish form of Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale for testicular cancer and testicular self examination was performed using judges’ expertise and pilot study steps. SPSS 16.0 package program was used in the statistical analyses of data. In this methodological study, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used for psychometric evaluation. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to evaluate the reliability of the scale. Results and Discussion: The scale was composed of 41 items and six subscales. Based on interpretations of a principal components analysis, a 6 domain structure was identified which included frequency of susceptibility, seriousness, benefits, barriers, self-efficacy, and health motivation. Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficients for the six subscales ranged from 0.62 to 0.86. Conclusions: The Health Belief Model Scale for testicular cancer screening was found to be a valid and reliable tool in assessing the men’s health beliefs. Turkish forms of it can be used to determine and improve the testicular self examination beliefs and practice.
and mammography (MMG). Performing regular BSE and having MMG have been associated with health belief variables such as perceived susceptibility to BC, seriousness of BC, the benefits of and barriers to BSE combined with low confidence in its efficacy. The purpose of this study were to determined various risk factors of BC by identifying common characteristics among women and understanding women’s health beliefs related to BC screening behaviours. Material and Method: This descriptive and cross-sectional research was performed from March 15 to June 15 in 2009, with a convenience sample of 2 094 women living in Ankara in Turkey. The data for this study was collected using a questionnaire form prepared by the researchers based on relevant literature, the Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool and Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS). A basic descriptive analysis of the data was carried out using frequency distributions. Non-parametric data of the CHBMS subscales’ scores were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results and Discussion: According to the risk score table, the average value of the total BC risk is 139.82±77.75. Of the subjects, 91.8% were found to be low risk, 5.3% moderate risk, and 3.2% high (0.4%) or very high risk (2.8%) of BC. Related with performing BSE, the subscales mean score were 7.72 (SD 2.55) for susceptibility, 20.42 (SD 5.55) for seriousness, 15.30 (SD 3.50) for benefits to BSE, 18.57 (SD 5.90) for barriers to BSE, 33.22 (SD 8.76) for confidence, and 20.30 (SD 4.50) for health motivation. Related with having MMG, the subscale score was 18.41 (SD 3.67) for benefits to MMG, and 26.72 (SD 8.13) for barriers to MMG. Participants who were in high risk groups had higher mean rank scores for perceived susceptibility (p = 0.000), confidence (BSE) self-efficiency (p = 0.000) and had lower for mean rank scores BSE-barriers (p = 0.011) and MMG-barriers (p = 0.000). Conclusion: It is important to be aware of the health beliefs of women regarding BSE and having MMG so that their own health can be protected and improved. Understanding the women’s health beliefs, attitude and behavior that are influential to make BSE, having CBE and MMG and having will guide nursing practices towards early diagnosis of BC at the societal level.
57 Modifiable and Non-modifiable Risk Factors for Breast Cancer in Turkish Women and Their Health Beliefs
58 International Early Lung Cancer Action Programme (IELCAP) in Spain – the Role of the Nurse Coordinator
M. Talas1 , Y. Kitis2 , N. Bilgili2 . 1 Ankara University Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing, Ankara, Turkey; 2 Gazi University Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing, Ankara, Turkey
U. Montes Ona1 , C. Arce Martinez2 , M. Ocon ´ De Miguel2 , 2 3 1 C. Martinez Penades , C. Fuertes Ran . Clinica Universitar´ıa of Navarra, Neumology: Lung Cancer Screening Programme, Pamplona, Spain; 2 Valencian Institut of Oncology (FIVO), Lung Cancer Screening Programme, Valencia, Spain; 3 Cl´ınica Universitaria of Navarra, Hepathology, Pamplona, Spain
Poster Session: Prevention and Early Detection 56 The Health Belief Model Scale for Testicular Cancer and Testicular Self-examination – a Comprehensive Validity and Reliability Study I. Aydin Avci1 , B. Altinel2 . 1 Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun School of Health, Head of Nursing Department, Turkey; 2 Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun Health Sciences Institute, Public Health Nursing Department, Turkey
Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies affecting women in Turkey. Non-modifiable risk factors for BC are gender, age, race, family history and reproductivemenstrual factors. Potentially modifiable risk factors include being obese after menopause, never having children or first live birth at a later age, using contraceptive pill, alcohol consumption, and smoking cigarette. The early detection methods of BC include breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE) 1462-3889/$ – see front matter © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Introduction: Lung cancer mortality is the highest among all cancers and early detection shows promising results in its diagnosis at curative stages. The IELCAP programme is an international early lung cancer program that has been performed in Spain since 2000 at the Clinica Universidad de Navarra and at the Valencian Institute