79th EAS Congress
Atherosclerosis Supplements 12, no. 1 (2011) 13–184
determined or stress-induced NPY expression in platelets may be a new risk factor for accelerated atherosclerosis and restenosis, with the Y1 receptor antagonist as a new therapeutic target. 570 SHORT ENDURANCE TRAINING PROGRAM IMPROVED ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN DIABETIC FATTY RATS I. Rosety1 , F. Ordonez2 , M. Rosety-Rodriguez3 , A. Camacho-Molina4 , A. Diaz-Ordonez2 , G. Fornieles3 , N. Garcia5 , M. Rosety1 , M.A. Rosety2 . 1 Human Anatomy, 2 Sports Medicine, 3 Medicine, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, 4 Internal Medicine, Juan Ramon Jimenez General Hospital, Huelva, 5 Pathology, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain Background and Aim: The present study was designed to explore whether a 6-week endurance training program may improve endothelial dysfunction by increasing endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression in diabetic fatty rats. Methods: To get this goal 35 Zucker fatty rats aged 12 weeks were randomly distributed into exercise group (n = 20) and control group (n = 15). Animals were allowed food and water ad libitum and were placed on a 12:12 light-dark-cycle. During the first week of our 6-week training program the animals ran at 10 m/min with time increased from 10 min per day to 40 min per day at the end of the week. The progression allowed the rats to acclimate to the treadmill. Starting at week two and until the completion of the training session the rats ran at 15 m/min, for 40 minutes, 5 days per week. The left common femoral artery was excised and stored at −30ºC. Protein extracts from arterial tissues were fractionated on 10%-SDS-PAGE-gel, transferred onto polyvinylidene difluoride membrane, and probed with primary antibodies anti-eNOS. Blots were incubated with horseradish peroxidaseconjugated secondary antibody. The signal was detected by enhanced chemiluminescence and evaluated by densitometry (Sigma Scan). b-actin was used for normalization. Our protocol was approved by an Ethics Committee Results: When compared to baseline, eNOS expression was increased in exercised diabetic fatty rats (16.2±0.8vs.24.6±1.2% intensity protein/b-actin; p < 0.05). No changes were reported in controls. Conclusion: As was hypothesized, endurance training improved endothelial dysfunction by increasing eNOS expression in diabetic fatty rats. Further studies are required. 571 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PHYSICAL EXERCISE AND SUBCLINICAL CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS − RESULTS OF THE HEINZ NIXDORF RECALL STUDY 2 S. Andrich1 , N. Dragano1 , S. Mohlenkamp ¨ , U. Slomiany1 , U. Roggenbuck1 , 1 J. Siegrist3 , K.-H. Jockel ¨ , R. Erbel2 , S. Moebus1 . 1 Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, 2 Department of Cardiology, University Clinic Essen, Essen, 3 Department of Medical Sociology, University of Dusseldorf, ¨ Dusseldorf, ¨ Germany Objectives: To explore the association between physical exercise and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis measured as coronary calcification (CAC), a valid risk factor for coronary heart disease. Methods: 4814 study participants (45−74 years) were recruited for the population-based Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study. During baseline-examination (2000–2003) exercise was assessed by asking participants if they engaged in physical exercise in the previous month (yes/no), CAC was measured in Agatston units using electron-beam CT. With the dichotomized CAC-Score (75th age- and sex-specific percentile) as dependent variable we calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95%-confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association with physical exercise, adjusting for risk factors. Results: Information on exercise and CAC was available from 4290 participants (2031 men, 2259 women) without cardiovascular disease. CAC increases with age and is higher in men (median = 55.1, women = 1.5). Exercise decreases only slightly with age (45−54 years: 57.7%, 55−64y: 54.8%, >65y: 50.8%), with no differences between women and men. A higher prevalence of CAC (>75th age- and sex-specific percentile) was observed in women without any exercise, whereas in men this was only found in the oldest age-group. Adjusting for age, smoking, diabetes and systolic blood pressure we found an association between physical exercise and CAC in women (OR 1.29; 1.05–1.58), but not in men (OR 1.05, 95%-CI: 0.85–1.30). Conclusions: Physical exercise is associated with a lower degree of subclinical atherosclerosis in women, but not in men. Further analyses are underway to better understand differences between men and women with regard to physical exercise and coronary heart disease. 572 INFLUENCE OF TRAUMA LIFE-THREATENING ON LIPID METABOLISM N. Klyueva1 , A. Denisenko1 , T. Avaliani2 , O. Fedotova2 , A. Pshenichnaya2 , S. Tsikunov2 . 1 Biochemistry, 2 Physiological, Institute of Experimental Medicine RAMS, Saint Petersburg, Russia Objectives: The expression of lipid metabolism and psycho-emotional behavior raised by normal rat females and brain damaged rat females.
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Methods: Immediately after birth the young ones of the two groups of females were exchanged. The two groups were later submitted to trauma life-threatening (by snake attacks). Total cholesterol, cholesterol of high density lipoproteins and triglycerides levels in blood serum, we measured and the behavior was observed. Results: Life-threatening trauma (snake attacks) leads to depressive behavior in animals and in change of lipid metabolism. Depressive behavior was more severe in group 1 raised by brain damaged females, than in group 11 raised, by normal females. Cholesterol of high density lipoproteins level of group 1 was significantly lower than in group 11 (13.0+2.9 mg/dl) and (32.6+3.8 mg/dl). Levels of triglycerides in blood serum and liver were always higher in groups. Conclusions: Severity of depressive behavior and change in lipid metabolism depended of which females raised the animals and total cholesterol and cholesterol HDL levels are significantly lower in animals raised by brain damaged females. 573 INFLUENCE OF DEPRESSION ON THE RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES AT MEN AGED 25−64 DURING 14 YEARS IN RUSSIA V. Gafarov1,2 , E. Gromova1,2 , A. Gafarova1,2 , I. Gagulin1,2 . 1 Collaborative Laboratory of Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases SB RAMS, 2 Laboratory Psychology and Sociology Internal Diseases, Institute of Internal Medicine SB RAMS, Novosibirsk, Russia Background and Purpose: We sought to examine the relationship between depression symptoms and the risk development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among men ages 25 to 64 years. Methods and Materials: Within the framework of program WHO MONICAMOPSY was examined representative sample of men 25−64 years old (1994 year). Total sample was 657 persons. Depression symptoms were measured at baseline with the use of the MONICA − psychosocial Interview Depression scale. The incidence of news arterial hypertension (AH), myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke was ascertained under systematic surveillance the 14year follow-up. Cox proportional regression model was used for an estimation of relative risk. Results: Prevalence of depression in cohort of men with AH was 28.9%, with MI − 65.8% and the most high depression level was of men with stroke − 70.6%. The relative risk of development of AH within 5 years in group of men with high level of depressive symptoms, in compared with those with low depressive symptoms was 6.7 times higher. The relative risk of MI for the depression group was 2.26. The relative risk of incident ischemic stroke was 6.4 for those who showed symptoms of depression compared with those who did not. Within 10 years RR of development CVD has decreased of men with high level of depressive symptoms for development AH RR = 4.2 for MI − RR = 2.4 and stroke − RR = 5.2. Within 14 years RR for AH was 2.15, MI − 2.6, stroke − 1.4. Conclusion: Depression is a predictor of cardiovascular diseases in middle-age men. 574 ROLE OF FAMILY MILIEU IN TOBACCO ADDICTION A. Aggarwal1 , S. Dwivedi2 , N. Singh2 . 1 Department of Medicine/Preventive Cardiology, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi & GTB Hospital, 2 Department of Medicine, UCMS-GTBH, University of Delhi, Delhi, India Introduction: Lessons of tobacco habit are primarily learnt at home. Aim: To study the pattern of tobacco use in families of smokers and non smokers and their potential influence on the tobacco habit in subjects and their children. Methodology: A retrospective case record analysis was done in 50 subjects who had a history of tobacco usage (Group I). The prevalence of use of tobacco among the parents, siblings, and children were noted by making pedigree profile of each patient. 50 age- and gender-matched controls that did not use tobacco in any form (Group II) were also evaluated for comparison. Results: Tobacco users had significantly higher rates of tobacco usage among the fathers (84%), and mothers (28%) compared to 2% and 0% in controls, respectively. There was a significantly greater use of tobacco in multiple forms in the siblings (70%) of such patients among Group I as compared to 0% in Group II controls. Prevalence rates of usage of tobacco were higher among the children (24%) of patients using tobacco in Group I as compared to the 0% in control Group II. Conclusions: There is a significantly greater prevalence of parents, siblings being tobacco user in patients who are tobacco users, as compared to tobacco non-users. There is also greater prevalence of use of tobacco among the children of the tobacco user compared to non users. One not only inherits the habit of smoking from his parents/elders but also passes on the baton to next generation.