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575 New conception of sternberg paradigm for the memory scanning task
Abstracts
/International
Journal
similar to the same values in patients with partial callosal disconnection. Analysis of EEG parameters, including EEG coherence Mapping and source localisation analysis of paroxysmal and epileptiform activity demonstrated the increasing number of patients with the most severe forms of EEG-pathology in remote terms after radiation. Interhemispheric coherences that reflect interhemispheric interaction, were decreased in all patients especially in symmetrical frontal, central and parietal derivations. Source analysis demonstrated sources of pathological EEG activity of diffuse character in subcortical structures and white matter of the brain. These findings were corroborated by the CT data with the evidence of hypoplasia of corpus callosum. So, results of the present study suggest that psychopathological impairments and signs of interhemispheric disconnection observed in Chernobyl patients in the late period after radiation can be a result not only dysfunction of brain cubcortical structures but also of the white matter atrophy.
574 INTELLECTUAL PECULIARITIES GIRLS WITH DIFFERENT LATERALITY
OF BOYS AND INDICES
E.I. Nikolaeva Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia Possible relationships between high intellectual abilities and maturation of the right hemisphere have been studied (Benbow, 1986; Annett, Manning, 1989; Shonen de, Mathivet, 1989; Harpaz, 1990). Children of elementary school (71 subjects at the age of 7 and 60 subjects at the age of 9) have been examined. The level of verbal and non-verbal intellect has been compared with the profile of functional sensori-motor asymmetry (FSMA), indexed by the assessment of the leading hand, leg, eye, ear. It was shown that there were a few children with high IQ in the group with mixed FSMA profile. Boys with high IQ have pronounced hemispheric lateralization. Girls shown high indices of IQ in the same groups as boys. However, differences between IQ reached significance only in the group with the right FSMA profile. The proposal is discussed that in man characterized by greater degree of hemispheric laterahzation, the development of high intelligence can be associated with the dominance of mature hemisphere. It is, then, conceivable that in women the right hemisphere is involved in those process, which are controlled by the left hemisphere in men. It, thus can be concluded, that high IQ maybe provided by the efficiency of hemispheric dominance in man and by hemispheric interconnection in women.
575 NEW CONCEPTION OF STERNBERG FOR THE MEMORY SCANNING TASK
PARADIGM
A.Y. Kaplan and A.G. Kochetova Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Russia
of Psychophysiology
30 (1998)
95-271
219
Recent lateral@ experiments have demonstrated the importance of utilizing tasks which permit a separation of information processing stages and provide converging evidence about the quantitative nature of cognitive operations. In a classical Stemberg paradigm, observers are asked to indicate, as quickly and as accurately as possible, whether or not a single test stimulus (TS) is contained in a set of stimuli (SSO currently being held in short-term memory. This paradigm provides a useful framework for separation perceptual encoding from basic cognitive procedure-memory comparison. Main peculiarity of Stemberg paradigm is the presentation both TS and SSi at the center of visual field. In the our experiments a set of SSi (three two-digit number) and following TS (one two-digit number) presented at the computer screen in three different fixed position: in the center and 4 degree left and right. So we had 9 combinations of possible mutual positions of TS and SS of the same name. This approach allowed us to evaluate the cognitive operation of comparison for symbols presented in same or different brain hemisphere. The major results of our experiments are consistent with hypothesis that only both hemisphere needed for comparison procedure. If only one hemisphere took participation in this procedure (both symbols presented at the same visual field) the reaction time systematically increased on the 140-160 mc. The maximal reaction time observed when TS and SS projected to the different hemisphere. It was shown also that the left hemisphere is more efficient than the right one at reciprocal presentation of symbols in the visual fields. The peculiarities of the mutual and single participation of brain hemispheres in the different stages of simple cognitive operations are discussed.
576 INTERHEMISPHERIC TRANSFER OF VERBAL INFORMATION DIFFERS IN THE TWO SEXES: THE ERPs STUDY Anna Nowicka* and Ewa Fersten* ** Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Department of Neurophysiology, **Medical Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland Our previous study (Neuropsychologia 34: 147-151, 1996) showed a strong relation between the functional asymmetry of the human brain and the transfer time of verbal and non-verbal information between the hemispheres: interhemispheric transmission time was shorter when the information was transferred from the hemisphere non-specialized for its processing ro the specialized one than in the opposite direction. On the other hand, many behavioural, clinical and neuroimaging studies have indicated that male brains are more lateralized than female brains, at least for the verbal information processing. An interesting issue which has arisen is whether the different lateralization in the two sexes could be related to the transmission of information between the hemispheres, which may differ in males and females. This hypothesis was directly tested in the present experiment. The aim of this study was to
/International
Journal
similar to the same values in patients with partial callosal disconnection. Analysis of EEG parameters, including EEG coherence Mapping and source localisation analysis of paroxysmal and epileptiform activity demonstrated the increasing number of patients with the most severe forms of EEG-pathology in remote terms after radiation. Interhemispheric coherences that reflect interhemispheric interaction, were decreased in all patients especially in symmetrical frontal, central and parietal derivations. Source analysis demonstrated sources of pathological EEG activity of diffuse character in subcortical structures and white matter of the brain. These findings were corroborated by the CT data with the evidence of hypoplasia of corpus callosum. So, results of the present study suggest that psychopathological impairments and signs of interhemispheric disconnection observed in Chernobyl patients in the late period after radiation can be a result not only dysfunction of brain cubcortical structures but also of the white matter atrophy.
574 INTELLECTUAL PECULIARITIES GIRLS WITH DIFFERENT LATERALITY
OF BOYS AND INDICES
E.I. Nikolaeva Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia Possible relationships between high intellectual abilities and maturation of the right hemisphere have been studied (Benbow, 1986; Annett, Manning, 1989; Shonen de, Mathivet, 1989; Harpaz, 1990). Children of elementary school (71 subjects at the age of 7 and 60 subjects at the age of 9) have been examined. The level of verbal and non-verbal intellect has been compared with the profile of functional sensori-motor asymmetry (FSMA), indexed by the assessment of the leading hand, leg, eye, ear. It was shown that there were a few children with high IQ in the group with mixed FSMA profile. Boys with high IQ have pronounced hemispheric lateralization. Girls shown high indices of IQ in the same groups as boys. However, differences between IQ reached significance only in the group with the right FSMA profile. The proposal is discussed that in man characterized by greater degree of hemispheric laterahzation, the development of high intelligence can be associated with the dominance of mature hemisphere. It is, then, conceivable that in women the right hemisphere is involved in those process, which are controlled by the left hemisphere in men. It, thus can be concluded, that high IQ maybe provided by the efficiency of hemispheric dominance in man and by hemispheric interconnection in women.
575 NEW CONCEPTION OF STERNBERG FOR THE MEMORY SCANNING TASK
PARADIGM
A.Y. Kaplan and A.G. Kochetova Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Russia
of Psychophysiology
30 (1998)
95-271
219
Recent lateral@ experiments have demonstrated the importance of utilizing tasks which permit a separation of information processing stages and provide converging evidence about the quantitative nature of cognitive operations. In a classical Stemberg paradigm, observers are asked to indicate, as quickly and as accurately as possible, whether or not a single test stimulus (TS) is contained in a set of stimuli (SSO currently being held in short-term memory. This paradigm provides a useful framework for separation perceptual encoding from basic cognitive procedure-memory comparison. Main peculiarity of Stemberg paradigm is the presentation both TS and SSi at the center of visual field. In the our experiments a set of SSi (three two-digit number) and following TS (one two-digit number) presented at the computer screen in three different fixed position: in the center and 4 degree left and right. So we had 9 combinations of possible mutual positions of TS and SS of the same name. This approach allowed us to evaluate the cognitive operation of comparison for symbols presented in same or different brain hemisphere. The major results of our experiments are consistent with hypothesis that only both hemisphere needed for comparison procedure. If only one hemisphere took participation in this procedure (both symbols presented at the same visual field) the reaction time systematically increased on the 140-160 mc. The maximal reaction time observed when TS and SS projected to the different hemisphere. It was shown also that the left hemisphere is more efficient than the right one at reciprocal presentation of symbols in the visual fields. The peculiarities of the mutual and single participation of brain hemispheres in the different stages of simple cognitive operations are discussed.
576 INTERHEMISPHERIC TRANSFER OF VERBAL INFORMATION DIFFERS IN THE TWO SEXES: THE ERPs STUDY Anna Nowicka* and Ewa Fersten* ** Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Department of Neurophysiology, **Medical Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland Our previous study (Neuropsychologia 34: 147-151, 1996) showed a strong relation between the functional asymmetry of the human brain and the transfer time of verbal and non-verbal information between the hemispheres: interhemispheric transmission time was shorter when the information was transferred from the hemisphere non-specialized for its processing ro the specialized one than in the opposite direction. On the other hand, many behavioural, clinical and neuroimaging studies have indicated that male brains are more lateralized than female brains, at least for the verbal information processing. An interesting issue which has arisen is whether the different lateralization in the two sexes could be related to the transmission of information between the hemispheres, which may differ in males and females. This hypothesis was directly tested in the present experiment. The aim of this study was to