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6.101 DO FRIENDS MATTER FOR ADOLESCENT DEPRESSION? A LONGITUDINAL SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS
NEW RESEARCH POSTERS 6.100 – 6.102
6.100 DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOM PROFILES ASSOCIATED WITH CORTISOL STRESS REACTIVITY IN ADOLESCENTS Matthew C. Morris, PhD, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D. B. Todd, Jr., Blvd, Nashville, TN 37208; Chrystyna D. Kouros, PhD; Alyssa S. Mielock, BA; Uma Rao, MD Objectives: Altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function is common in youth with MDD, but variability in the strength and direction of HPA alterations has prompted a search for symptom-based subtypes with unique neuroendocrine signatures. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether depressive symptom profiles were associated differentially with cortisol responses to psychosocial stress. Methods: This study examined salivary cortisol responses to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) in 145 adolescents (mean age ¼ 14.5 years, SD ¼ 1.8) who varied in their risk for MDD. Of the 145 adolescents, 38 had current MDD; 35 were healthy but at high risk for MDD, based on having one or both parents with unipolar MDD; and 72 were healthy youth, with no personal or family history of a psychiatric disorder. Multilevel models were used to examine within-person changes in cortisol levels during a 2-hour resting phase before the TSST and both linear and quadratic changes in cortisol levels following the TSST. Results: Whereas affective symptoms were associated with increased anticipatory cortisol reactivity and more rapid recovery to the TSST, neurovegetative symptoms were associated with decreased anticipatory cortisol reactivity and slower recovery. Conclusions: The present findings suggest that heterogeneity among studies examining HPA reactivity in depressed youth may be driven, in part, by differences in depressive symptom profiles across sample groups.
DDD NEURO STRESS Supported by NIH grants R01DA014037, R01DA015131, R01 DA017804, R01DA017805, R01MH062464, R01MH068391, K01MH101403, the Sarah M. and Charles E. Seay Chair in Child Psychiatry at UT Southwestern Medical Center, and the Betsey R. Bush Endowed Professorship in Behavioral Health at the University of Tennessee http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2016.09.419
6.101 DO FRIENDS MATTER FOR ADOLESCENT DEPRESSION? A LONGITUDINAL SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS Christine Doucet, PhD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire SainteJustine, 3175, Chemin de la Cote-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada; Eric Lacourse, PhD; Frank Vitaro, PhD; Sherry H. Stewart, PhD; Patricia Conrod, PhD Objectives: Research efforts tend to focus on inherited and environmental familial factors for adolescent depression, but recent evidence suggests that friends may also play a role. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this and extend our understanding of how friends affect each other’s depression symptoms. This study investigated assimilation and contagion as potential processes through which adolescent friends affect each other’s depression and examined whether these processes were moderated by gender and friends’ popularity. Methods: Participants were all year 9 students (N ¼ 1,114) within seven schools located in London, United Kingdom, and selected from a pool of 19 schools participating in a wider clinical trial on the effects of a school-based prevention program to reduce substance misuse (Clinical trial NCT00776685). The remaining schools failed to meet data requirements for the selected analytical method (i.e., stochastic actor-based longitudinal network analysis) and therefore were excluded. Participants were assessed four times, every 6 months starting at age 14 years. Depression in the past 6 months was assessed using self-reports on the Brief Symptoms Inventory’s Depression subscale and categorized into four levels.
J OURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT P SYCHIATRY VOLUME 55 NUMBER 10S OCTOBER 2016
Results: In line with a contagion process, participants whose friends presented symptoms of depression higher than themselves tended to see their own symptoms increase. Upon comparison of two groups of adolescents, we found that the friends of the first group presented depression levels that were on average one point higher than the friends of the second group; our results suggest that the odds of an increase would be exp(0.27) ¼ 1.31 times higher for the first adolescent. Results were also in line with an assimilation process; adolescents were likely to see their depression levels change to become more similar to those of their friends. There was no evidence that gender or friends’ popularity moderated the influence of friends on participants’ depression. Conclusions: This research is the first to provide evidence that both interpersonal processes of assimilation and contagion may play a role in adolescent depression. Results stress the need for studies examining the role of proximate emotional and cognitive mechanisms implicated in the link between socialization and adolescent depression.
ADOL DDD R Supported by an Action on Addiction research grant and fellowship registered charity #1007308 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2016.09.420
6.102 FEASIBILITY, ACCEPTABILITY, AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF THE “FAMILIA ACTIVA” PREVENTIVE INTERVENTION FOR DEPRESSION
zaval, MD, MPH, Department of Child and Matıas Irarra Adolescent Psychiatry, Universidad de Chile, Av. La Paz 1003, Recoleta, Santiago, Chile; Fernanda Prieto, PsyD
Objectives: The study aimed to examine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary results of ‘Familia Activa’, a culturally-adapted preventive intervention for depression in Chilean families. Methods: Pilot two-group, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Families (n¼23) with at least one child between 6–12 years of age, and one parent with actual episode or history of depression were recruited. ‘Familia Activa’ is a community-based, 7-week, family group intervention that aims to increase communication about family processes leading up to and affected by the parent depression, build child coping and efficacy, and enhance parenting competence and skills. It is a cultural adaptation of the Preventive Intervention Program for Depression created by Beardslee and colleagues. Acceptability and satisfaction were assessed using questionnaires after each session and semi-structured interviews in the last session. Parents and children assessments were carried pre and post intervention, and 1 and 3 month follow-up. Results: In terms of feasibility, 23 families were enrolled and participated in the intervention, and 18 families had a 100 percent attendance and completed the intervention. Questionnaire ratings of satisfaction after each session were highly favorable for all the parents. Semi-structured interviews after the last session revealed that Familia Activa intervention was acceptable to the families. Parents reported experiencing positive family change throughout the intervention, improved family communication, more emphasis on positive activities and interactions with their children, and a more enriched parenting style. The preventionist’s satisfaction questionnaires were also highly favorable, and suggested areas of improvement. Posttests from parents and children reported positive changes following the intervention, including improved psychological functioning, decreased depressive symptoms, and enhanced family functioning. Conclusions: ‘Familia Activa’ is a feasible, acceptable, and effective intervention to prevent depression in children. Families that participated in the study reported positive changes following the intervention. The examination of the qualitative and quantitative results will be useful for the scale-up process of the ‘Familia Activa’ implementation in Chile.
DDD FT PRE Supported by the National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICYT) and the Chilean Government http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2016.09.421
www.jaacap.org
S237
6.100 DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOM PROFILES ASSOCIATED WITH CORTISOL STRESS REACTIVITY IN ADOLESCENTS Matthew C. Morris, PhD, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D. B. Todd, Jr., Blvd, Nashville, TN 37208; Chrystyna D. Kouros, PhD; Alyssa S. Mielock, BA; Uma Rao, MD Objectives: Altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function is common in youth with MDD, but variability in the strength and direction of HPA alterations has prompted a search for symptom-based subtypes with unique neuroendocrine signatures. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether depressive symptom profiles were associated differentially with cortisol responses to psychosocial stress. Methods: This study examined salivary cortisol responses to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) in 145 adolescents (mean age ¼ 14.5 years, SD ¼ 1.8) who varied in their risk for MDD. Of the 145 adolescents, 38 had current MDD; 35 were healthy but at high risk for MDD, based on having one or both parents with unipolar MDD; and 72 were healthy youth, with no personal or family history of a psychiatric disorder. Multilevel models were used to examine within-person changes in cortisol levels during a 2-hour resting phase before the TSST and both linear and quadratic changes in cortisol levels following the TSST. Results: Whereas affective symptoms were associated with increased anticipatory cortisol reactivity and more rapid recovery to the TSST, neurovegetative symptoms were associated with decreased anticipatory cortisol reactivity and slower recovery. Conclusions: The present findings suggest that heterogeneity among studies examining HPA reactivity in depressed youth may be driven, in part, by differences in depressive symptom profiles across sample groups.
DDD NEURO STRESS Supported by NIH grants R01DA014037, R01DA015131, R01 DA017804, R01DA017805, R01MH062464, R01MH068391, K01MH101403, the Sarah M. and Charles E. Seay Chair in Child Psychiatry at UT Southwestern Medical Center, and the Betsey R. Bush Endowed Professorship in Behavioral Health at the University of Tennessee http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2016.09.419
6.101 DO FRIENDS MATTER FOR ADOLESCENT DEPRESSION? A LONGITUDINAL SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS Christine Doucet, PhD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire SainteJustine, 3175, Chemin de la Cote-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada; Eric Lacourse, PhD; Frank Vitaro, PhD; Sherry H. Stewart, PhD; Patricia Conrod, PhD Objectives: Research efforts tend to focus on inherited and environmental familial factors for adolescent depression, but recent evidence suggests that friends may also play a role. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this and extend our understanding of how friends affect each other’s depression symptoms. This study investigated assimilation and contagion as potential processes through which adolescent friends affect each other’s depression and examined whether these processes were moderated by gender and friends’ popularity. Methods: Participants were all year 9 students (N ¼ 1,114) within seven schools located in London, United Kingdom, and selected from a pool of 19 schools participating in a wider clinical trial on the effects of a school-based prevention program to reduce substance misuse (Clinical trial NCT00776685). The remaining schools failed to meet data requirements for the selected analytical method (i.e., stochastic actor-based longitudinal network analysis) and therefore were excluded. Participants were assessed four times, every 6 months starting at age 14 years. Depression in the past 6 months was assessed using self-reports on the Brief Symptoms Inventory’s Depression subscale and categorized into four levels.
J OURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT P SYCHIATRY VOLUME 55 NUMBER 10S OCTOBER 2016
Results: In line with a contagion process, participants whose friends presented symptoms of depression higher than themselves tended to see their own symptoms increase. Upon comparison of two groups of adolescents, we found that the friends of the first group presented depression levels that were on average one point higher than the friends of the second group; our results suggest that the odds of an increase would be exp(0.27) ¼ 1.31 times higher for the first adolescent. Results were also in line with an assimilation process; adolescents were likely to see their depression levels change to become more similar to those of their friends. There was no evidence that gender or friends’ popularity moderated the influence of friends on participants’ depression. Conclusions: This research is the first to provide evidence that both interpersonal processes of assimilation and contagion may play a role in adolescent depression. Results stress the need for studies examining the role of proximate emotional and cognitive mechanisms implicated in the link between socialization and adolescent depression.
ADOL DDD R Supported by an Action on Addiction research grant and fellowship registered charity #1007308 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2016.09.420
6.102 FEASIBILITY, ACCEPTABILITY, AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF THE “FAMILIA ACTIVA” PREVENTIVE INTERVENTION FOR DEPRESSION
zaval, MD, MPH, Department of Child and Matıas Irarra Adolescent Psychiatry, Universidad de Chile, Av. La Paz 1003, Recoleta, Santiago, Chile; Fernanda Prieto, PsyD
Objectives: The study aimed to examine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary results of ‘Familia Activa’, a culturally-adapted preventive intervention for depression in Chilean families. Methods: Pilot two-group, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Families (n¼23) with at least one child between 6–12 years of age, and one parent with actual episode or history of depression were recruited. ‘Familia Activa’ is a community-based, 7-week, family group intervention that aims to increase communication about family processes leading up to and affected by the parent depression, build child coping and efficacy, and enhance parenting competence and skills. It is a cultural adaptation of the Preventive Intervention Program for Depression created by Beardslee and colleagues. Acceptability and satisfaction were assessed using questionnaires after each session and semi-structured interviews in the last session. Parents and children assessments were carried pre and post intervention, and 1 and 3 month follow-up. Results: In terms of feasibility, 23 families were enrolled and participated in the intervention, and 18 families had a 100 percent attendance and completed the intervention. Questionnaire ratings of satisfaction after each session were highly favorable for all the parents. Semi-structured interviews after the last session revealed that Familia Activa intervention was acceptable to the families. Parents reported experiencing positive family change throughout the intervention, improved family communication, more emphasis on positive activities and interactions with their children, and a more enriched parenting style. The preventionist’s satisfaction questionnaires were also highly favorable, and suggested areas of improvement. Posttests from parents and children reported positive changes following the intervention, including improved psychological functioning, decreased depressive symptoms, and enhanced family functioning. Conclusions: ‘Familia Activa’ is a feasible, acceptable, and effective intervention to prevent depression in children. Families that participated in the study reported positive changes following the intervention. The examination of the qualitative and quantitative results will be useful for the scale-up process of the ‘Familia Activa’ implementation in Chile.
DDD FT PRE Supported by the National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICYT) and the Chilean Government http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2016.09.421
www.jaacap.org
S237