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68. Dual-cistern manometer primary
Classified abstracts 61--77 22:16 The mass spectrographic analysis of a residual atmosphere above Silicone 705 in a 6-inch pump. See abstract number 24. 22 : 24 Leak detection. See abstract number 79. 22 : 37 Industrial mass spectrometer for gas analysis. See abstract number 159. 22 61. An improved omegatron of the Alpert-type with electrodes to reduce non-resonant ions. (Germany) Some difficulties which occur when an omegatron is operating are discussed and constructive changes in the design of the electrode system to overcome these difficulties are reported. The effect of the space charge built up by non-resonant ions is eliminated by two additional ion collectors. Thus, besides the measurement of the partial pressure, the omegatron may be used for monitoring the total pressure in the 10 -x° to 1 × 10 -8 torr range. The resolving power m/Am is tripled simply by decreasing the H F - voltage without using a stronger magnetic field. The loss of sensitivity is small. The resulting resolving power is sufficient to resolve the doublets H~+, D +, and H3 +, H D + in H~-D2 mixtures. A method for the determination of deuterium in hydrogen is described. An isotopic mixture o f known composition is analyzed to demonstrate the precision of measurement. H Gentseh, Vakuum-Technik, 14 (6), Sept 1965, 149-157. 22 62. On the error in the indications of a compression pressure (McLeod) gauge caused by the mercury vapour jet. (USSR) The author obtained a direct experimental p r o o f of the existence of a pressure difference between the mercury compression gauge and the cold trap which separates the gauge from the remainder of the vacuum system. Using a mass filter, he showed that the measurement error can be as much as 100 per cent in some cases. It was also found that the results of measurements depend to a considerable extent on the mercury oispersed in the vacuum system. (Author) L P Khavkin, Instrum & Exper Tech, April 1965, 1091-1093. Translated from Pribory i Tekh Eksper , 5, Sept-Oct 1964. 22 63. Vacuum gauge calibration. (USA) J R Roehring, Environmental Quarterly, 11 (3), Sept 1965, 30-35. 22 64. The measurement of pressure. (Great Britain) E Muller, Instrum Rev, 12, Oct 1965, 420-424. 22 65. The measurement of vacuum. (USA) Various instruments and devices designed to indicate and measure low pressures over the range from atmospheric to 10 -14 tort are described. G H Bancroft, Industrial Research, Sept 1965, 76-85. 22 66. Spiral and helical pressure gauges. (USA) Spiral and helical gauges are evaluated in terms o f technical characteristics, and a justification of spiral or helical gauges against a theoretical optimum is outlined. H J van Kuyk and D Hnston, [nstrums Control Syst, 38 (9), 121-126. 22 67. Vacuum transducer calibration. (USA) The author reports on the system he uses to calibrate vacuum transducers through various ranges to 10 -= torr. E N Kaufman, Instrums ControlSyst, 38 (9), Sept 1965, 113-114. 22 68. Dual-cistern manometer primary. (USA) D K Kallenbach and J K Woolrich, Instrums Control Syst, 38 (9),
Sept 1965, 115-120. 22 69. Fixed point calibrations of pressure gauges. (USA) Manganin gauges were calibrated at five fixed points and the resulting calibration compared with that obtained at a single fixed point, or at three fixed points. F o r most work three points are sufficient. The non-linearity is 0.135 per cent kbar. Manganin gauges intercompared agree within one bat to 10 bar. Pressures o f the H20 I-III-V, I-V-VI triple points and melting pressures of VI at 25°C were determined. It was not found possible to prepare a goldchromium coil which was free of hysteresis. M D Boren et al, Rev Scient Instrum, 36 (10), Oct 1965, 1456-1459.
22 : 24 70. Measuring pressure rates for the Gemini radar. (USA) The article reviews the method presently being used to check the pressure loss rate of the Gemini radar. This method describes how a low leak rate can be evaluated in a small amount of time. The leak detector described herein is also used for probing and locating possible leaks. T L Pondek, J Environmental Sci, 8 (2), 1965, 30-34. 22 71. Mass spectrometers for the measurement of partial pressures in vacuum systems. (USSR) Problems relating to the qualitative and quantitative analyses of the gases in vacuum systems are discussed, particularly in regard to the uses of mass spectrometers for measurement. A table is provided that lists technical data relating to various types of mass spectrometer. Consideration of the features studied enables the following conclusions to be reached: (1) mass spectrometers can be used for measurements o f gases in vacuum systems at partial pressures ranging from 10 -3 to 10 -12 torr; (2) for gas analyses in the ultra-high vacuum region, the omegatron and cycloidal mass spectrometers give the best results; (3) the pulsed time-of-flight mass spectrometer provides the best fast-response performance; (4) the radio-frequency mass spectrometer is suitable for qualitative gas analyses in tbe range 10 -3 to 10 -8 tort; (5) the electrical mass-filter and farvitron types appear to be best suited for industrial applications. Descriptions are given of the various types of mass spectrometer discussed, together with diagrams and illustrations. (USSR) A P Averina et nl, Pribory i Tekh Eksper, 4, 1965, 5, (in Russian).
22 72. Errers that afllict vacuum gauges. (USA) J R Roehrig, Environmental Quarterly, l I (2), June 1965, 20-23. 73. Voltage-dependence
of Bayard-Alpert gauge
22 characteristics.
(Japan) The dependence of the pumping speed and sensitivity of a BayardAlpert gauge on the electrode potential has been measured for helium, argon, krypton at pressures of about 10 -7 torr. (Japan) Anon, Japan J Appl Phys, 4 (6), June 1965, 461-465, (in Japanese). 23. P l u m b i n g 23 74. Cylindrical ion drag pump. (USA) Analysis o f an ion pump of cylindrical design and development of relationships between pressure, current, flow, voltage and efficiency. Experiments conducted on an actual pump, and the conclusion reached that the theoretical model is moderately successful in accounting for that part of the effect due to ions generated by corona. C A Timko, IEEEProc, 53, 1965, 141-145. 23 75. Vibration damper for vacuum lines. (USA) A device consisting of a rubber-coated bellows and a sliding O-ring seal has been designed for decoupling the mechanical vibration o f a backing pump from a vacuum system. The flexibility of the rubbercoated bellows contributes to the vibrational damping, while the sliding O-ring seal provides good axial damping because of its high compliance and small area of contact for vibration transmission.
(A HT) R J Smith and D E Hegland, Rev Scient Instrum, 36 (5), May 1965,
709-710. 23 76. Vacuumloek. (USSR) The authors describe a rubber-seated plate valve which also provides a means of joining a metal diffusion pump to a glass baseplate. The mechanism for operating the valve is sealed through the base-plate. (A H T) A A Abukov and E T Tall'dace, Instrum & Exper Tech, April 1965, ]121-1122. Translated from Pribory i Tekh Eksper, 5, Sept-Oct
1964. 23 77. Metal-to-metal and metal gasketed seals. (USA) Qualitative and quantitative discussion, based on experimental evidence of the parameters governing the leakage rate across metal-tometal and for metal gasketed seals, is described. F O Rathbun Jr, Soc Automotive Engng, 1965, 159-169. 47
Sept 1965, 115-120. 22 69. Fixed point calibrations of pressure gauges. (USA) Manganin gauges were calibrated at five fixed points and the resulting calibration compared with that obtained at a single fixed point, or at three fixed points. F o r most work three points are sufficient. The non-linearity is 0.135 per cent kbar. Manganin gauges intercompared agree within one bat to 10 bar. Pressures o f the H20 I-III-V, I-V-VI triple points and melting pressures of VI at 25°C were determined. It was not found possible to prepare a goldchromium coil which was free of hysteresis. M D Boren et al, Rev Scient Instrum, 36 (10), Oct 1965, 1456-1459.
22 : 24 70. Measuring pressure rates for the Gemini radar. (USA) The article reviews the method presently being used to check the pressure loss rate of the Gemini radar. This method describes how a low leak rate can be evaluated in a small amount of time. The leak detector described herein is also used for probing and locating possible leaks. T L Pondek, J Environmental Sci, 8 (2), 1965, 30-34. 22 71. Mass spectrometers for the measurement of partial pressures in vacuum systems. (USSR) Problems relating to the qualitative and quantitative analyses of the gases in vacuum systems are discussed, particularly in regard to the uses of mass spectrometers for measurement. A table is provided that lists technical data relating to various types of mass spectrometer. Consideration of the features studied enables the following conclusions to be reached: (1) mass spectrometers can be used for measurements o f gases in vacuum systems at partial pressures ranging from 10 -3 to 10 -12 torr; (2) for gas analyses in the ultra-high vacuum region, the omegatron and cycloidal mass spectrometers give the best results; (3) the pulsed time-of-flight mass spectrometer provides the best fast-response performance; (4) the radio-frequency mass spectrometer is suitable for qualitative gas analyses in tbe range 10 -3 to 10 -8 tort; (5) the electrical mass-filter and farvitron types appear to be best suited for industrial applications. Descriptions are given of the various types of mass spectrometer discussed, together with diagrams and illustrations. (USSR) A P Averina et nl, Pribory i Tekh Eksper, 4, 1965, 5, (in Russian).
22 72. Errers that afllict vacuum gauges. (USA) J R Roehrig, Environmental Quarterly, l I (2), June 1965, 20-23. 73. Voltage-dependence
of Bayard-Alpert gauge
22 characteristics.
(Japan) The dependence of the pumping speed and sensitivity of a BayardAlpert gauge on the electrode potential has been measured for helium, argon, krypton at pressures of about 10 -7 torr. (Japan) Anon, Japan J Appl Phys, 4 (6), June 1965, 461-465, (in Japanese). 23. P l u m b i n g 23 74. Cylindrical ion drag pump. (USA) Analysis o f an ion pump of cylindrical design and development of relationships between pressure, current, flow, voltage and efficiency. Experiments conducted on an actual pump, and the conclusion reached that the theoretical model is moderately successful in accounting for that part of the effect due to ions generated by corona. C A Timko, IEEEProc, 53, 1965, 141-145. 23 75. Vibration damper for vacuum lines. (USA) A device consisting of a rubber-coated bellows and a sliding O-ring seal has been designed for decoupling the mechanical vibration o f a backing pump from a vacuum system. The flexibility of the rubbercoated bellows contributes to the vibrational damping, while the sliding O-ring seal provides good axial damping because of its high compliance and small area of contact for vibration transmission.
(A HT) R J Smith and D E Hegland, Rev Scient Instrum, 36 (5), May 1965,
709-710. 23 76. Vacuumloek. (USSR) The authors describe a rubber-seated plate valve which also provides a means of joining a metal diffusion pump to a glass baseplate. The mechanism for operating the valve is sealed through the base-plate. (A H T) A A Abukov and E T Tall'dace, Instrum & Exper Tech, April 1965, ]121-1122. Translated from Pribory i Tekh Eksper, 5, Sept-Oct
1964. 23 77. Metal-to-metal and metal gasketed seals. (USA) Qualitative and quantitative discussion, based on experimental evidence of the parameters governing the leakage rate across metal-tometal and for metal gasketed seals, is described. F O Rathbun Jr, Soc Automotive Engng, 1965, 159-169. 47