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691. Transmission electron microscope resolving power
Classified abstracts 686--700 32. Nucleonics
32 : 64 687. Conference on high energy cyclotron improvement. (USA) Edited by G H U Fnnsten, Williamsburg, College of William and
33 692. Determination of the area of emission of reflected electrons in a scanning electron microscope. (Great Britain) E x p e r i m e n t s s h o w t h a t in t h e case o f a 30 k V electron b e a m of d i a m e t e r 1000 A striking a solid a l u m i n i u m target, t h e area of e m i s s i o n o f reflected electrons h a s a d i a m e t e r of 4200 'A. This is c o n s i d e r a b l y less t h a n expected. R F W Pease, J Sci Instrum, 42 (3), March 1965, 158-159. 33 693. Emission electron microscopy. (Austria) Survey o f p r e s e n t position, with special reference to i m p r o v e m e n t in t h e a b e r r a t i o n o f a n d resolution lens. H Diiker, Acta Phys Austriaca, 18 (2/4), 1964, 232-251, (in
Mary, 1964.
German).
32 686. Water vapour jet target for the charge changing of fast ion beams. (USA) A water v a p o u r jet is u s e d in t h e t e r m i n a l o f a t a n d e m V a n de G r a a f accelerator as a s t r i p p i n g m e d i u m . T h e jet c o n v e r t s negative ions into positive i o n s with a n efficiency 90 per cent. A t a b e a m e n e r g y o f 2 MeV, t h e m a x i m u m p r o t o n c u r r e n t was 180 tzA.
( USA ) M Roos, Rev Sei Instrum, 36 (4), April 1965, 544-546.
32 : 54 688. Linear accelerator radiotherapy machine. Anon, Engineer, 219 (5699), April 1965, p 689.
(Great Britain)
33. General physics and electronics 33 On the importance of the polarization energy in inelastic ion - molecule collisions. See a b s t r a c t n u m b e r 6 ! 6. 33 Impurity distribution in epitaxial growth. See a b s t r a c t n u m b e r 617. 33 Barium migration on the surface of tungsten, molybdenum and rhenium in the presence of an adsorbed film of gas. See a b s t r a c t n u m b e r 624. 33 The epitaxial growth of selenium. See a b s t r a c t n u m b e r 625. 33 Modified significant structure theory of physical adsorption. See a b s t r a c t n u m b e r 627. 33 Electrical breakdown in vacuum: new experimental and theoretical observations. See a b s t r a c t n u m b e r 631. 33 Study by X-ray diffractions of thin layers of lanthanum fluoride. See a b s t r a c t n u m b e r 642. 33 Hall-effect studies in deposited CdS thin films. See a b s t r a c t n u m b e r 674. 33 Diffusion of impurities during epitaxy. See a b s t r a c t n u m b e r 683. 33 Electron beam welding machine. See a b s t r a c t n u m b e r 712. 33 : 41 689. Secondary electron emission from thin MgO film. (USSR) M g O films d e p o s i t e d o n a n a l u m i n i u m oxide s u b s t r a t e h a d secondary electron e m i s s i o n ~max = 3.8, t h e accelerating voltage being 2.2 K e V a n d t h e a m b i e n t p r e s s u r e 1 × 10 9 torr. T h e s a m e film d e p o s i t e d o n a fine c o p p e r m e s h h a d a ~,naz value of d o u b l e this a m o u n t . Evidently t h e film s t r u c t u r e is m o r e f a v o u r a b l e to second a r y e m i s s i o n in t h e latter case. A r e d u c t i o n in ~ after c o n t a c t o f t h e film with dry air was n o t e d ; t h e actual a m o u n t d e p e n d i n g o n t h e initial ratio o f free M g in t h e M g O a n d the l e n g t h o f e x p o s u r e time. M T P a k h o m o v , Radio Eng & Electronics, 10 (3), 1965, 530, (in
Russian). 33 : 22 690. A pieozoelectric vacuum vibrator as a source of ions in a mass spectrometer. (Great Britain) T h e nickel electrodes in a v a c u u m v i b r a t o r ion s o u r c e were vibrated by a piezoelectric crystal o f lead zirconate-titanate. I o n c u r r e n t s o f t h e o r d e r o f 3 × 10 -9 A were o b t a i n e d a n d n o electrical noise was observed. (Great Britain) R J Conzemius and H J Svee, J Sci lnstrum, 42 (3), March 1965,
136-139. 33 691. Transmission electron microscope resolving power. (Germany) T h e limiting r e s o l u t i o n for line gratings is calculated f r o m t h e coefficients o f spherical a n d c h r o m e t i c a b e r r a t i o n , expressed in t e r m s o f t h e significant p a r a m e t e r s o f its i m a g i n g s y s t e m . N u m e r i c a l v a l u e for a single field c o n d e n s o r objective are given. (Germany) E R u s k a , Optik, 22 (4), 1964, 319-349, (in German).
33 694. O n the oscillator strength determined from electron seattering by molecules. (USA) R A Mapleton, J Chem Phys, 42 (5), March 1965, 1846-1847. 33 : 56 695. Scanning electron microscope for inspection of semi-conductor microcircuits. (Great Britain) Anon, Engineer. 219 (5694), March 1965, 492-495.
35. Impregnation and potting 35
696. Vacuum impregnation plant. (Great Britain) Anon, Nuclear Engineering, 10 (107), April 1965, p 162.
36. Drying, degassing and concentration 36 Should vacuum degassing pumps be more powerful? See a b s t r a c t n u m b e r 653. 36 High temperature vacuum lubricant. See a b s t r a c t n u m b e r 710. 36:42 697. Out gases evolved from ceramics in vacuum at room temperature.
(Japan) T h e ceramics were b a k e d in v a c u u m at 4 0 0 ° C for 2 h o u r s a n d s u b s e q u e n t g a s e v o l u t i o n at r o o m t e m p e r a t u r e was s t u d i e d with a m a s s spectrometer. T h e a r g o n e v o l u t i o n f r o m v a r i o u s ceramics was f o u n d to decrease in the o r d e r - - b a k e d talc > steatite > forstenite a l u m i n i u m ceramic. T h e actual a m o u n t o f g a s evolved varied f r o m s a m p l e to sample, a v e r a g i n g 8 × 10 6 cc t o r r / g for a s t o r a g e t i m e o f 50 days, with a time c o n s t a n t for a r g o n e v o l u t i o n o f a b o u t 9 days. (Japan) S Y a m a m o t o et al, Mass Sepectrosc, 12, Oct 1964, 89-92, (in
Japanese). 36 698. Flash freezing. (Great Britain) Anon, Engineer, 219 (5693), March 1965, p 457. 36
699. Vacuum degassing trials. (Great Britain) Anon, Engineer, 219 (5688), Jan 1965, p 233.
37. Metallurgy, inorganic chemistry, analytical chemistry 37 Investigation of the rate of evaporation of heat resisting alloys in a vacuum. See abstract n u m b e r 675. 37 Mass spectrum of yttrium chloride vapour. See a b s t r a c t n u m b e r 709. 37 : 41 700. Plant for high-purity alloys and for flame plating. (Great
Britain) T h e first pair of the article describes a v a c u u m i n d u c t i o n f u r n a c e i n t e n d e d for the p r o d u c t i o n o f very h i g h purity alloys. It h a s a capacity o f 1500 lb a n d operates at a p r e s s u r e o f 1 m i c r o n . T h e p o w e r s u p p l y is 800 V, 1500 c/s with a m a x i m u m c u r r e n t of 300 A. In a d d i t i o n to the i n d u c t i o n coil, there is a l o w - f r e q u e n c y stirring coil energised at 50 c/s. T h e v a c u u m s y s t e m consists o f a n R V 4 6 L e y b o l d R o o t s - t y p e p u m p t o g e t h e r with two S.180 L e y b o l d r o t a r y p u m p s to p i o v i d e t h e v a c u u m " r o u g h i n g " ; t h e s e have a p u m p i n g speed o f 970 l/sec. T h e fine-side s y s t e m h a s two E d w a r d s
385
32 : 64 687. Conference on high energy cyclotron improvement. (USA) Edited by G H U Fnnsten, Williamsburg, College of William and
33 692. Determination of the area of emission of reflected electrons in a scanning electron microscope. (Great Britain) E x p e r i m e n t s s h o w t h a t in t h e case o f a 30 k V electron b e a m of d i a m e t e r 1000 A striking a solid a l u m i n i u m target, t h e area of e m i s s i o n o f reflected electrons h a s a d i a m e t e r of 4200 'A. This is c o n s i d e r a b l y less t h a n expected. R F W Pease, J Sci Instrum, 42 (3), March 1965, 158-159. 33 693. Emission electron microscopy. (Austria) Survey o f p r e s e n t position, with special reference to i m p r o v e m e n t in t h e a b e r r a t i o n o f a n d resolution lens. H Diiker, Acta Phys Austriaca, 18 (2/4), 1964, 232-251, (in
Mary, 1964.
German).
32 686. Water vapour jet target for the charge changing of fast ion beams. (USA) A water v a p o u r jet is u s e d in t h e t e r m i n a l o f a t a n d e m V a n de G r a a f accelerator as a s t r i p p i n g m e d i u m . T h e jet c o n v e r t s negative ions into positive i o n s with a n efficiency 90 per cent. A t a b e a m e n e r g y o f 2 MeV, t h e m a x i m u m p r o t o n c u r r e n t was 180 tzA.
( USA ) M Roos, Rev Sei Instrum, 36 (4), April 1965, 544-546.
32 : 54 688. Linear accelerator radiotherapy machine. Anon, Engineer, 219 (5699), April 1965, p 689.
(Great Britain)
33. General physics and electronics 33 On the importance of the polarization energy in inelastic ion - molecule collisions. See a b s t r a c t n u m b e r 6 ! 6. 33 Impurity distribution in epitaxial growth. See a b s t r a c t n u m b e r 617. 33 Barium migration on the surface of tungsten, molybdenum and rhenium in the presence of an adsorbed film of gas. See a b s t r a c t n u m b e r 624. 33 The epitaxial growth of selenium. See a b s t r a c t n u m b e r 625. 33 Modified significant structure theory of physical adsorption. See a b s t r a c t n u m b e r 627. 33 Electrical breakdown in vacuum: new experimental and theoretical observations. See a b s t r a c t n u m b e r 631. 33 Study by X-ray diffractions of thin layers of lanthanum fluoride. See a b s t r a c t n u m b e r 642. 33 Hall-effect studies in deposited CdS thin films. See a b s t r a c t n u m b e r 674. 33 Diffusion of impurities during epitaxy. See a b s t r a c t n u m b e r 683. 33 Electron beam welding machine. See a b s t r a c t n u m b e r 712. 33 : 41 689. Secondary electron emission from thin MgO film. (USSR) M g O films d e p o s i t e d o n a n a l u m i n i u m oxide s u b s t r a t e h a d secondary electron e m i s s i o n ~max = 3.8, t h e accelerating voltage being 2.2 K e V a n d t h e a m b i e n t p r e s s u r e 1 × 10 9 torr. T h e s a m e film d e p o s i t e d o n a fine c o p p e r m e s h h a d a ~,naz value of d o u b l e this a m o u n t . Evidently t h e film s t r u c t u r e is m o r e f a v o u r a b l e to second a r y e m i s s i o n in t h e latter case. A r e d u c t i o n in ~ after c o n t a c t o f t h e film with dry air was n o t e d ; t h e actual a m o u n t d e p e n d i n g o n t h e initial ratio o f free M g in t h e M g O a n d the l e n g t h o f e x p o s u r e time. M T P a k h o m o v , Radio Eng & Electronics, 10 (3), 1965, 530, (in
Russian). 33 : 22 690. A pieozoelectric vacuum vibrator as a source of ions in a mass spectrometer. (Great Britain) T h e nickel electrodes in a v a c u u m v i b r a t o r ion s o u r c e were vibrated by a piezoelectric crystal o f lead zirconate-titanate. I o n c u r r e n t s o f t h e o r d e r o f 3 × 10 -9 A were o b t a i n e d a n d n o electrical noise was observed. (Great Britain) R J Conzemius and H J Svee, J Sci lnstrum, 42 (3), March 1965,
136-139. 33 691. Transmission electron microscope resolving power. (Germany) T h e limiting r e s o l u t i o n for line gratings is calculated f r o m t h e coefficients o f spherical a n d c h r o m e t i c a b e r r a t i o n , expressed in t e r m s o f t h e significant p a r a m e t e r s o f its i m a g i n g s y s t e m . N u m e r i c a l v a l u e for a single field c o n d e n s o r objective are given. (Germany) E R u s k a , Optik, 22 (4), 1964, 319-349, (in German).
33 694. O n the oscillator strength determined from electron seattering by molecules. (USA) R A Mapleton, J Chem Phys, 42 (5), March 1965, 1846-1847. 33 : 56 695. Scanning electron microscope for inspection of semi-conductor microcircuits. (Great Britain) Anon, Engineer. 219 (5694), March 1965, 492-495.
35. Impregnation and potting 35
696. Vacuum impregnation plant. (Great Britain) Anon, Nuclear Engineering, 10 (107), April 1965, p 162.
36. Drying, degassing and concentration 36 Should vacuum degassing pumps be more powerful? See a b s t r a c t n u m b e r 653. 36 High temperature vacuum lubricant. See a b s t r a c t n u m b e r 710. 36:42 697. Out gases evolved from ceramics in vacuum at room temperature.
(Japan) T h e ceramics were b a k e d in v a c u u m at 4 0 0 ° C for 2 h o u r s a n d s u b s e q u e n t g a s e v o l u t i o n at r o o m t e m p e r a t u r e was s t u d i e d with a m a s s spectrometer. T h e a r g o n e v o l u t i o n f r o m v a r i o u s ceramics was f o u n d to decrease in the o r d e r - - b a k e d talc > steatite > forstenite a l u m i n i u m ceramic. T h e actual a m o u n t o f g a s evolved varied f r o m s a m p l e to sample, a v e r a g i n g 8 × 10 6 cc t o r r / g for a s t o r a g e t i m e o f 50 days, with a time c o n s t a n t for a r g o n e v o l u t i o n o f a b o u t 9 days. (Japan) S Y a m a m o t o et al, Mass Sepectrosc, 12, Oct 1964, 89-92, (in
Japanese). 36 698. Flash freezing. (Great Britain) Anon, Engineer, 219 (5693), March 1965, p 457. 36
699. Vacuum degassing trials. (Great Britain) Anon, Engineer, 219 (5688), Jan 1965, p 233.
37. Metallurgy, inorganic chemistry, analytical chemistry 37 Investigation of the rate of evaporation of heat resisting alloys in a vacuum. See abstract n u m b e r 675. 37 Mass spectrum of yttrium chloride vapour. See a b s t r a c t n u m b e r 709. 37 : 41 700. Plant for high-purity alloys and for flame plating. (Great
Britain) T h e first pair of the article describes a v a c u u m i n d u c t i o n f u r n a c e i n t e n d e d for the p r o d u c t i o n o f very h i g h purity alloys. It h a s a capacity o f 1500 lb a n d operates at a p r e s s u r e o f 1 m i c r o n . T h e p o w e r s u p p l y is 800 V, 1500 c/s with a m a x i m u m c u r r e n t of 300 A. In a d d i t i o n to the i n d u c t i o n coil, there is a l o w - f r e q u e n c y stirring coil energised at 50 c/s. T h e v a c u u m s y s t e m consists o f a n R V 4 6 L e y b o l d R o o t s - t y p e p u m p t o g e t h e r with two S.180 L e y b o l d r o t a r y p u m p s to p i o v i d e t h e v a c u u m " r o u g h i n g " ; t h e s e have a p u m p i n g speed o f 970 l/sec. T h e fine-side s y s t e m h a s two E d w a r d s
385