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72. The response in the human cerebral somatosensory cortex to the mechanical stimulation
Society Proceedings / Clinical Neurophysiology 120 (2009) e147–e180
direction. In force study, direction and strength of force produced by ENS to FCR and FCU were 298° and 1.16 Nm and 239° and 1.70 Nm with P, 279° and 1.30 Nm and 241° and 1.62 Nm with SP, and 267° and 1.24 Nm and 227° and 2.04 Nm with S, respectively. Results of the force study suggest that FCU is acting as flexor and adductor and FCR as flexor rather than abductor. FCR is nothing more than flexor with S. Our ENS studies would contribute to reconstruct motor functions of the paralyzed hand. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2009.02.075
70. Generator mechanism of ‘startle-like reflex’ in a patient with stiff-person syndrome—Takayuki Kondo, Riki Matsumoto, Tadanori Maki, Akio Ikeda, Ryosuke Takahashi (Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan) Objective: Patients with stiff-person syndrome (SPS) occasionally show the ‘startle-like reflex’, i.e., spasms elicited by unexpected sound or somatosensory stimuli. We investigated the pathophysiology of the ‘startle-like reflex’ or spasms induced by peripheral nerve stimulation. Methods: In a 32-year-old man with SPS, electrical pulses were given at the supraorbital notch (trigeminal nerve), wrist (median nerve) and ankle (tibial nerve). The induced spasms were recorded from the surface electrodes on the skin placed at the face, arm, abdomen and leg. Result: Spasms were elicited by the all nerve stimulations, and ranged from 100 to 400 ms in duration. Regardless of stimulated site, the spasms were initially evoked at the upper abdomen, followed by other body parts. Onset latency at the upper abdominal muscle was 58.6 ± 10.8, 75.3 ± 4.5 and 135.9 ± 7.4 after stimulation at the supraorbital notch, wrist and ankle, respectively (mean ± standard deviation [ms]). Conclusion: Judging from latency differences, the ‘startle-like reflex’ in this particular patient seemed to have the following long circuitry; afferent impulse run into the brainstem or subcortical central structures, then descended to the thoracic level, and finally spread both rostrally and caudally through a slow conduction pathway. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2009.02.076
71. Disfunction of neural network related to task set in patients with schizophrenia—T. Matsuda, T. Marutani, M. Matsuura, N. Kanaka, M. Motoshita, E. Matsushima, T. Kojima (Tamagawa University, Brain Science Institute, Tokyo, Japan) We investigated neural network deficits in schizophrenia using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) during cognitive task. Patients with schizophrenia have a variety of cognitive deficits. The cognitive deficits can be divided into (1) deficits in preparation for the task (task set) (2) deficits in execution of the task (executive control) (3) deficits in feedback of the task (evaluation). Though previous researches of schizophrenia have mainly focused on deficits in executive control, it is also important to investigate the deficits in preparation for the task. For example, when the instructions of the task are given, human brain establishes a task set before the task is actually performed. We investigated brain activities related to both task set and task performance. In turn our study allows us to determine whether patients with schizophrenia set up different or similar task sets prior to the task performance and then use different or similar task strategies as normal participants. The results of this study show that patients with schizophrenia form different task sets
compared to normal participants due disturbances.
e163
to attention control
doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2009.02.077
72. The response in the human cerebral somatosensory cortex to the mechanical stimulation—Ken Inoue, Kazuyoshi Nakanishi, Hikmat Hadoush, Hiroshi Kurumadani, Akira Hashizume, Toru Sunagawa, Mitsuo Ochi (Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan) The present study examined the sensory cortex responses for 1st finger, 2nd finger and 5th finger elicited by on/off mechanical stimuli to the human glabrous skin. We recorded somatosensory evoked fields (SEFs) elicited by compressing the glabrous skin of the finger and decompressing it by using a photosensor trigger. The tested fingers were the 1st finger, 2nd finger and 5th finger. The equivalent current dipoles (ECDs) were significantly stronger when the 2nd finger was stimulated compared with when 5th finger was stimulated. Moreover, the ECDs were stronger by the decompression than by the compression when the 2nd finger was stimulated, while those were not stronger by the decompression than by the compression when the 1st or 5th finger was stimulated. It is considered that the larger primary somatosensory cortex for the 2nd finger plays differently from the smaller cortex for the 1st finger or 5th finger. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2009.02.078
73. Epileptic negative drop attacks in atypical benign partial epilepsy: Neurophysiological study—Yoshiko Hirano, Hirokazu Oguni, Makiko Osawa (Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan) Purpose: We conducted a computer-assisted polygraphic analysis of drop attacks (DA) in a child with atypical benign partial epilepsy (ABPE) to investigate their neurophysiological characteristics. Subject and method: The patient was a 6-year-2-month-old girl, who started to have focal motor seizures, later combined with daily epileptic negative myoclonus (ENM) and DA, causing multiple injuries. We studied ENM and DA using video-polygraphic and computer-assisted back-averaging analysis. Results: A total of 12 ENM episodes, including left arm involvement in 7 (ENMlt) and both arm involvement in 5 (ENMbil), and 5 DA were captured for analysis. They were all time-locked to spikeand-wave complexes (SWC) arising from both centro-temporo-parietal (CTP) areas. The latency between the onsets of SWC and those of ENMlt, ENMbil, and DA reached 68, 42, and 8 ms, respectively. The height of the spike as well as slow-wave component of SWC in DA was significantly larger than that in both ENMlt and ENMbil (P < 0.05). Conclusion: DA was considered to be ENM involving not only upper proximal but also axial muscles, causing the dropping of her body. Thus, DA in ABPE are considered to be epileptic negative DA arising from bilateral CTP foci. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2009.02.079
74. Nerve conduction measurements for anterior interosseous nerve palsy—Shingo Nobuta, Kazuhiro Ogawa, Kenji Kanazawa (Tohoku Rosai Hospital, Sendai, Japan)
direction. In force study, direction and strength of force produced by ENS to FCR and FCU were 298° and 1.16 Nm and 239° and 1.70 Nm with P, 279° and 1.30 Nm and 241° and 1.62 Nm with SP, and 267° and 1.24 Nm and 227° and 2.04 Nm with S, respectively. Results of the force study suggest that FCU is acting as flexor and adductor and FCR as flexor rather than abductor. FCR is nothing more than flexor with S. Our ENS studies would contribute to reconstruct motor functions of the paralyzed hand. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2009.02.075
70. Generator mechanism of ‘startle-like reflex’ in a patient with stiff-person syndrome—Takayuki Kondo, Riki Matsumoto, Tadanori Maki, Akio Ikeda, Ryosuke Takahashi (Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan) Objective: Patients with stiff-person syndrome (SPS) occasionally show the ‘startle-like reflex’, i.e., spasms elicited by unexpected sound or somatosensory stimuli. We investigated the pathophysiology of the ‘startle-like reflex’ or spasms induced by peripheral nerve stimulation. Methods: In a 32-year-old man with SPS, electrical pulses were given at the supraorbital notch (trigeminal nerve), wrist (median nerve) and ankle (tibial nerve). The induced spasms were recorded from the surface electrodes on the skin placed at the face, arm, abdomen and leg. Result: Spasms were elicited by the all nerve stimulations, and ranged from 100 to 400 ms in duration. Regardless of stimulated site, the spasms were initially evoked at the upper abdomen, followed by other body parts. Onset latency at the upper abdominal muscle was 58.6 ± 10.8, 75.3 ± 4.5 and 135.9 ± 7.4 after stimulation at the supraorbital notch, wrist and ankle, respectively (mean ± standard deviation [ms]). Conclusion: Judging from latency differences, the ‘startle-like reflex’ in this particular patient seemed to have the following long circuitry; afferent impulse run into the brainstem or subcortical central structures, then descended to the thoracic level, and finally spread both rostrally and caudally through a slow conduction pathway. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2009.02.076
71. Disfunction of neural network related to task set in patients with schizophrenia—T. Matsuda, T. Marutani, M. Matsuura, N. Kanaka, M. Motoshita, E. Matsushima, T. Kojima (Tamagawa University, Brain Science Institute, Tokyo, Japan) We investigated neural network deficits in schizophrenia using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) during cognitive task. Patients with schizophrenia have a variety of cognitive deficits. The cognitive deficits can be divided into (1) deficits in preparation for the task (task set) (2) deficits in execution of the task (executive control) (3) deficits in feedback of the task (evaluation). Though previous researches of schizophrenia have mainly focused on deficits in executive control, it is also important to investigate the deficits in preparation for the task. For example, when the instructions of the task are given, human brain establishes a task set before the task is actually performed. We investigated brain activities related to both task set and task performance. In turn our study allows us to determine whether patients with schizophrenia set up different or similar task sets prior to the task performance and then use different or similar task strategies as normal participants. The results of this study show that patients with schizophrenia form different task sets
compared to normal participants due disturbances.
e163
to attention control
doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2009.02.077
72. The response in the human cerebral somatosensory cortex to the mechanical stimulation—Ken Inoue, Kazuyoshi Nakanishi, Hikmat Hadoush, Hiroshi Kurumadani, Akira Hashizume, Toru Sunagawa, Mitsuo Ochi (Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan) The present study examined the sensory cortex responses for 1st finger, 2nd finger and 5th finger elicited by on/off mechanical stimuli to the human glabrous skin. We recorded somatosensory evoked fields (SEFs) elicited by compressing the glabrous skin of the finger and decompressing it by using a photosensor trigger. The tested fingers were the 1st finger, 2nd finger and 5th finger. The equivalent current dipoles (ECDs) were significantly stronger when the 2nd finger was stimulated compared with when 5th finger was stimulated. Moreover, the ECDs were stronger by the decompression than by the compression when the 2nd finger was stimulated, while those were not stronger by the decompression than by the compression when the 1st or 5th finger was stimulated. It is considered that the larger primary somatosensory cortex for the 2nd finger plays differently from the smaller cortex for the 1st finger or 5th finger. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2009.02.078
73. Epileptic negative drop attacks in atypical benign partial epilepsy: Neurophysiological study—Yoshiko Hirano, Hirokazu Oguni, Makiko Osawa (Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan) Purpose: We conducted a computer-assisted polygraphic analysis of drop attacks (DA) in a child with atypical benign partial epilepsy (ABPE) to investigate their neurophysiological characteristics. Subject and method: The patient was a 6-year-2-month-old girl, who started to have focal motor seizures, later combined with daily epileptic negative myoclonus (ENM) and DA, causing multiple injuries. We studied ENM and DA using video-polygraphic and computer-assisted back-averaging analysis. Results: A total of 12 ENM episodes, including left arm involvement in 7 (ENMlt) and both arm involvement in 5 (ENMbil), and 5 DA were captured for analysis. They were all time-locked to spikeand-wave complexes (SWC) arising from both centro-temporo-parietal (CTP) areas. The latency between the onsets of SWC and those of ENMlt, ENMbil, and DA reached 68, 42, and 8 ms, respectively. The height of the spike as well as slow-wave component of SWC in DA was significantly larger than that in both ENMlt and ENMbil (P < 0.05). Conclusion: DA was considered to be ENM involving not only upper proximal but also axial muscles, causing the dropping of her body. Thus, DA in ABPE are considered to be epileptic negative DA arising from bilateral CTP foci. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2009.02.079
74. Nerve conduction measurements for anterior interosseous nerve palsy—Shingo Nobuta, Kazuhiro Ogawa, Kenji Kanazawa (Tohoku Rosai Hospital, Sendai, Japan)