- Email: [email protected]
740 Involuntary exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in children living in Mexico city
Whitney test (Sigma Stat.-Jandel Sci.). According with the questionnaire, children were divided in two groups: exposed and non-exposed to ETS Results are presented in the table. Urinary cotinine was detected in 122 (88.6%) subjects of the population studied. We did not find statistical differences in urinary cotinine by sex. The higher urinary cotinine levels were found in children older than 10 years (p < 0.009). The best predictor of ETS exposure was mother’s smoking habits. Conclusions: We need to improve our questionnaire because we found an underestimation of the exposure to ETS. It is necessary to continue with. the evaluation of the role of passive smoking as a risk factor for respiratory diseases in the Mexican population, specially in those living in highly polluted areas like Mexico City, also we need to generate data to enforce regulations to protect nonsmokers. Supported by: University Environmental Program (PUMA), UNAM.
Stop smoking and reduction after a single session of Laserfit” FOllOW-UD 1 week 1 month 2 months 3 months 4 months
Stoc smokina 39.4% 29.9% 28.1%
Smokino reduction 25.1% 19.0%
24.0%
170%
19.0%
9.5%
38.7%
Discussion: A stop smoking of about 19% and a significative reduction of about 10% at 4 months after a single-session intervention is very promising. Such results need to be interpreted in the light of recent metanalysis indicating a weak efficacy of acupuncture in anti-smoking programs. However, since our objective is the prevention of smoke related pathology as widely as possible, a low-cost intervention that can be effective quickly and with little effort, should not be underestimated in the complex strategy of anti-smoke programs.
I
739
Asbestosis
related diseases in N Ireland 1988-1995
A.T. Gavin ‘, R. Middleton ‘, D. 0’ Reilly”, J. Reid ‘, D. Skan 3. ‘IV lreland Cancer Registry; 2 Health & Health Care Research Unit, QUB; 3 Employment Medical Advisory Service, DHSS, NI N Ireland, population 1.6 million, is world famous for its shipyard and engineering. Early work in Belfast by Elmes and Wade 1965 (ref 1) revealed a relationship between exposure to asbestos at work and the development of mesothelial tumour of the pleura. A new population based Cancer Registry (establised 1994) has examined data on Pleural Cancer available since 1969. The standardised death rate at 6.2 per 100,000 for men is higher than Germany (5.0) and twice that for England & Wales and France. The Geographical Distribution implicates the shipyard. Proportional Mortality Ratios for various category of worker will be presented. Additional epidemiological information, including survival will be presented if available. [I]
Elmes P C, Wade 0 L. Relationship between exposure to Asbestos and Pleural Malignancy in Belfast. Annals New York Academy Science 1965; 132: 549-557.
I
741
Gender differences
C.M. Dresler, USA
M. Clapper.
in lung cancer
Fox Chase
Involuntary exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in children living in Mexico city
G. Ponciano, V. HemBndez, E. Salinas, 0. Rivero. Department of Pharmacology-Faculty of Medicine, National University of Mexico, Mexico Ci& Mexico Background: Smoking has became an important public health problem in Mexico, with increasing rates, specially in adolescents, 25% of the Mexican population between 12-65 years old are smokers. Currently, Mexico is facing different strategies of tobacco companies in order to offset lowered consumption in the US, such as an aggressive marketing. Regulations of smoking in public buildings and workplaces have not been enforced properly, so involuntary exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is very frequent. Aim: to evaluate the exposure to ETS in a group of Mexican children using the urinary concentration of cotinine as a biomarker. Experimental Design: One hundred thirty six children (58 girls and 78 boys) from 1st to 4th grade of a Primary school in Mexico city with a mean age of 8.98 + 1 (range 7-11) were included in this study. Parents of all participants completed a written questionnaire including demographic data, age, sex, number of subjects smoking in the house, parents current smoking habits and a time-activity dialy. We defined exposure to ETS when any subject used to smoke at home, close to the child studied. An early morning urine sample was obtained and frozen at -22pC. Urinary cotinine was measured with the DBA (Direct Barbituric Acid) assay, creatinine was determined calorimetrically. Data were analyzed by using the MannExposure (Parental report)
Cotinine (rig/ml)
Not Exposed (n = 52) Sex (27/25) Median 350 Exposed (n = 84) Sex (51/33) Median 630 p value p < 0.003
Cotininelcreatinine 7.390 0.226
p < 0.020
(ng/mg)
Center,
Philadelphia,
PA,
Gender distinctions in lung cancer have been demonstrated previously for histologies and survival outcome. These variances may be related to gender differences in the metabolism of tobacco related carcinogens. Women tend to smoke cigarettes for a shorter period of time and have a smaller pack-year history prior to their development of lung cancer. Glutathione S-transferase w (GSTw) is a Phase II detoxifying enzyme that has generated significant interest because of its polymorphic expression. 50% of the general Caucasian population fail to express GSTp due to a gene deletion. Previous studies have demonstrated an increased odds ratio for the development of lung cancer in smokers who are null for GSTp. Purpose: To determine if the frequency of the GSTw genotype of patients undergoing resection for lung cancer differs in males and females. Method: DNA analyses with a polymerase chain reaction technique was performed on DNA isolated from peripheral white cells from patients undergoing resection for lung cancer. Results: 96 patients: 50 women; 46 men Women
I740
Cancer
GST + Adenocarcinoma Squamous cell Stage I Stage II Stage lllaib Stage I/GST + Smoking hx
38% 86% 26% 46%
16% 14/4 39% 77%
Men (19/50) (33/50)
(13/50)
43% 43% 43%
(23/50) (8150)
59%
(9/23)
52%
17%
(20/46) (20/46) (20/46) (27146) (E/46)
9/l (14127)
100%
Women have more adenocarcinomas, appear to present in a slightly later stage and may be more likely to lack a major carcinogen detoxifying gene compared to men. Further work with larger numbers is required to delineate other possible gender differences to explain the predominance of adenocarcinoma and poorer prognosis in women with lung cancer.
0
742
Herpes infections in patients with lung cancer in premalignant period
D. VasiljeviC-KrusSedolac, M. Takac-Kostic. Health
G. Stanisic, N. Vasic, D. Jovanovic, Center Zemun, Belgrade, Yugoslavia
Clinical appearance of Herpes infections in patients with malignant disease is more frequent than in general population. The aim of the study was to estimate the significance of the higher, Herpes simplex and Herpes zoster incidence in patients with lung cancer in the premalignant period. The experimental group consisted of 35 industrial workers with lung cancer, the control group of 35 subjects on the same working position, of the same sex, age and working experience. Until the onset of malignant disease, herpes infection was identified in 26 workers with lung cancer (74.3%), (p < 0.05). In the control group during the same period this phenomenon was observed only in 4 subjects (11.4%), (p > 0.05). The results of our examination have shown that herpes relapses occurred more frequently in patients with lung cancer in the premalignant period than in control group. During the adequate treatment of malignant
Stop smoking and reduction after a single session of Laserfit” FOllOW-UD 1 week 1 month 2 months 3 months 4 months
Stoc smokina 39.4% 29.9% 28.1%
Smokino reduction 25.1% 19.0%
24.0%
170%
19.0%
9.5%
38.7%
Discussion: A stop smoking of about 19% and a significative reduction of about 10% at 4 months after a single-session intervention is very promising. Such results need to be interpreted in the light of recent metanalysis indicating a weak efficacy of acupuncture in anti-smoking programs. However, since our objective is the prevention of smoke related pathology as widely as possible, a low-cost intervention that can be effective quickly and with little effort, should not be underestimated in the complex strategy of anti-smoke programs.
I
739
Asbestosis
related diseases in N Ireland 1988-1995
A.T. Gavin ‘, R. Middleton ‘, D. 0’ Reilly”, J. Reid ‘, D. Skan 3. ‘IV lreland Cancer Registry; 2 Health & Health Care Research Unit, QUB; 3 Employment Medical Advisory Service, DHSS, NI N Ireland, population 1.6 million, is world famous for its shipyard and engineering. Early work in Belfast by Elmes and Wade 1965 (ref 1) revealed a relationship between exposure to asbestos at work and the development of mesothelial tumour of the pleura. A new population based Cancer Registry (establised 1994) has examined data on Pleural Cancer available since 1969. The standardised death rate at 6.2 per 100,000 for men is higher than Germany (5.0) and twice that for England & Wales and France. The Geographical Distribution implicates the shipyard. Proportional Mortality Ratios for various category of worker will be presented. Additional epidemiological information, including survival will be presented if available. [I]
Elmes P C, Wade 0 L. Relationship between exposure to Asbestos and Pleural Malignancy in Belfast. Annals New York Academy Science 1965; 132: 549-557.
I
741
Gender differences
C.M. Dresler, USA
M. Clapper.
in lung cancer
Fox Chase
Involuntary exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in children living in Mexico city
G. Ponciano, V. HemBndez, E. Salinas, 0. Rivero. Department of Pharmacology-Faculty of Medicine, National University of Mexico, Mexico Ci& Mexico Background: Smoking has became an important public health problem in Mexico, with increasing rates, specially in adolescents, 25% of the Mexican population between 12-65 years old are smokers. Currently, Mexico is facing different strategies of tobacco companies in order to offset lowered consumption in the US, such as an aggressive marketing. Regulations of smoking in public buildings and workplaces have not been enforced properly, so involuntary exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is very frequent. Aim: to evaluate the exposure to ETS in a group of Mexican children using the urinary concentration of cotinine as a biomarker. Experimental Design: One hundred thirty six children (58 girls and 78 boys) from 1st to 4th grade of a Primary school in Mexico city with a mean age of 8.98 + 1 (range 7-11) were included in this study. Parents of all participants completed a written questionnaire including demographic data, age, sex, number of subjects smoking in the house, parents current smoking habits and a time-activity dialy. We defined exposure to ETS when any subject used to smoke at home, close to the child studied. An early morning urine sample was obtained and frozen at -22pC. Urinary cotinine was measured with the DBA (Direct Barbituric Acid) assay, creatinine was determined calorimetrically. Data were analyzed by using the MannExposure (Parental report)
Cotinine (rig/ml)
Not Exposed (n = 52) Sex (27/25) Median 350 Exposed (n = 84) Sex (51/33) Median 630 p value p < 0.003
Cotininelcreatinine 7.390 0.226
p < 0.020
(ng/mg)
Center,
Philadelphia,
PA,
Gender distinctions in lung cancer have been demonstrated previously for histologies and survival outcome. These variances may be related to gender differences in the metabolism of tobacco related carcinogens. Women tend to smoke cigarettes for a shorter period of time and have a smaller pack-year history prior to their development of lung cancer. Glutathione S-transferase w (GSTw) is a Phase II detoxifying enzyme that has generated significant interest because of its polymorphic expression. 50% of the general Caucasian population fail to express GSTp due to a gene deletion. Previous studies have demonstrated an increased odds ratio for the development of lung cancer in smokers who are null for GSTp. Purpose: To determine if the frequency of the GSTw genotype of patients undergoing resection for lung cancer differs in males and females. Method: DNA analyses with a polymerase chain reaction technique was performed on DNA isolated from peripheral white cells from patients undergoing resection for lung cancer. Results: 96 patients: 50 women; 46 men Women
I740
Cancer
GST + Adenocarcinoma Squamous cell Stage I Stage II Stage lllaib Stage I/GST + Smoking hx
38% 86% 26% 46%
16% 14/4 39% 77%
Men (19/50) (33/50)
(13/50)
43% 43% 43%
(23/50) (8150)
59%
(9/23)
52%
17%
(20/46) (20/46) (20/46) (27146) (E/46)
9/l (14127)
100%
Women have more adenocarcinomas, appear to present in a slightly later stage and may be more likely to lack a major carcinogen detoxifying gene compared to men. Further work with larger numbers is required to delineate other possible gender differences to explain the predominance of adenocarcinoma and poorer prognosis in women with lung cancer.
0
742
Herpes infections in patients with lung cancer in premalignant period
D. VasiljeviC-KrusSedolac, M. Takac-Kostic. Health
G. Stanisic, N. Vasic, D. Jovanovic, Center Zemun, Belgrade, Yugoslavia
Clinical appearance of Herpes infections in patients with malignant disease is more frequent than in general population. The aim of the study was to estimate the significance of the higher, Herpes simplex and Herpes zoster incidence in patients with lung cancer in the premalignant period. The experimental group consisted of 35 industrial workers with lung cancer, the control group of 35 subjects on the same working position, of the same sex, age and working experience. Until the onset of malignant disease, herpes infection was identified in 26 workers with lung cancer (74.3%), (p < 0.05). In the control group during the same period this phenomenon was observed only in 4 subjects (11.4%), (p > 0.05). The results of our examination have shown that herpes relapses occurred more frequently in patients with lung cancer in the premalignant period than in control group. During the adequate treatment of malignant