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81. Differential regional activation of fMRI in schizophrenia
Thursday Abstracts
80. FUNCTIONAL MIU OF MOTHERS RESPONDING TO INFANT CRIES J.P. Lorberbauml, J.D. Newman2, A.R. Horwitzl, J.R. Dubnol, Z. Nahasl, C. Tenebackl, M.R. Johnsonl, R.B. Lydiardl, J.C. Ballengerl, P.D. MacLean3 & M.S. Georgel IMedicsfUniversityof SouthCarolina,Charleston,SC 29425; ‘NationalInstituteof ChildHealthand HumanDevelopment,NIH, Bethesda,MD; 3NationalInstituteof MentalHealthNeuroscience Centerat SaintElizabeth, Washington,DC We reportpilot fMRIdata on brain activityin humanmotherslistening to a cryingbaby. Since animal data suggestthat maternalbehavioris impairedby cingolateablations,we hypothesizedthat motherswould have cingulateactivation,especiallyanteriorly,with this provocation. Fourbiologicalmothershavinga youngestchildless thanage fourwere studied with fMIU while they listened to reeordedbaby cries (active condition)alternatingwith white noises whose temporalfeatures and averageintensitymatchedthoseof thecries(controIcondition).We used a pairedt-test (P
81. DIFFERENTIAL REGIONAL ACTIVATION ON fMRI IN SCHIZOPHRENIA S.S. Pillayl’ 2, A.A. Bairdl, S.A. Gruberl & D.A. Yurgelun-Toddl’ 2 IMcLearrHospital,Belmont,MA 02178;‘ConsolidatedDepartmentof Psychiatry,HarvardMedicalSchool,Boston,MA 02115 Severalstudiessuggestthat the dorsolateralprefrontalcortex (DLPFC) andanteriorcingulate(AC)maybe importantbrainregionsimplicatedin the neuralcircuitryof schizophrenia.In studiesof the DLPFC,hypoactivityhas beenassociatedwithpoorperformanceon the WisconsinCard Sort,andnormalperformanceontasksof verbalfluencyin schizophrenic patients.Furthermore,in schizophrenicpatients,task performance on a degraded stimulus continuousperformance test has been negatively correlatedwith anteriorcingulateactivitym a positronemissiontomographicstudy.We hypothesizedthat decreasesin DLPFCactivationin schizophrenicpatients on tasks of verbal fluency, as measured by functionalmagneticresonanceimaging(fMRI),wouldbe accompanied by increasesin activationin the anteriorcingulategyros.We anafyzed fMRIdata acquiredfrom 8 schizophrenicpatientsand 9 non-psychiatric controls.Scanningwas performedon a GE 1.5Tesla scannerretrofitted with a wholebodyecho planarcoil. Usinga quadratureheadcoil, echo plamwimages and high resolution MR images were acquired. The challengeparadigmincludedthreecomponents:counting,wordfluency, and finger tapping.We used a repeated analysisof variancemodel to investigate the effect of diagnosis, condition, and brain region. As
BIOLPSYCHIATRY 1998;43:1S-133S
25S
hypothesized,a significantregion by diagnosiseffect was found (F= 10.2,p=.004).DLPFCactivationwas significantlyreduced,whereasAC activationwas significantlyincreasedduringthe verbalfluencytask for schizophrenicpatients.These findingssuggesta differentialpattern of regional frontal activation in schizophrenicpatients relative to nonpsychiatriccontrols,and providefurther clarificationon the functional neuroanatomyof schizophrenia.
82. HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONAL LOSS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA AS MEASURED BY PROTON MRSI R.F. Deicken1>2’3,M. Peguesl, D. Amendl, C. Bloome# & M. Weinerl’4’5 ~MagneticResonanceUnit and ‘PsychiatryService,San Francisco Dept.of VeteransAffairsMedicalCenter(SFVAMC),and the Departmentsof 3Psychiatry,4Radiology,and ‘Medicine,Universityof California,San Francisco Proton(’H)Mag@c RemnmeeS~c -g WD - ~ N-aeetylaa@ate(NAA)whichis a seleetiveneumnal*. Quantitative MRImeaaumagmyrnattervohunebut cannotdiwdmimte betweenneuronsand glia.Fmanyparticuiaremticalor _cd~yrnatterle.gio13, dzmawdNAA alongwith&leased graymattervolumesuggestsUeumnal10ssor nemonal atrophyoosaofdenfhitic artmmandaxons);wftenmdecmasdNAAalongwith normalgmymattervohlmesu ggeats neumnrddysfunetion Thzzefcae, in-vivoIH MRSIhippommpdNM measureswete utilizedtogetherwithquantitadve MRImeasumsof hi~ vol~ to ~ whether* wss @ _ ne~~ lm~my VerSUS llellrunsldysfunction in schizophrenia ~-two c~c, mcdicatedtsehimpfuvnic patients(allmet DSM-IVdiagnosticcriteria)and22 normalcontrolsubjectsunderwentbothMRIand IH MRSIusinga SiernensMagnetomVisionMRUMR s syste3n.MRl imaging sequences includedTl weightedseoutviewsalong witbemunslMPRAGEand axialDSEimagesQuantitative hippommpdVoluming wasperformedusing in-housesoftwareby a singleoperatorto yieldanterior,posterior,and total volumesfor the right and left hippocmnpiin all subjrxts.IH MRSIwas prformedusinga 2D PRESSvolume(103x60x15mm3). Twentyfourx 24 phaseencodingstepsandekerdark-spacesamplingwasusedwitha TR=l.8s, TE=135Ms.using spedmmpic imagingdisplaysdtwam,individualMRSI voxels(1.3ml)werethenselectedincompamble anteriorhippocaqd regions Matemllyusing thehighernxolution ~registcmdMRimages.‘Hspectmtium these voxelswere fit by NMR-l curvefittingsoftwareand eoneention mdmatczOfN* Chdille,and emadneWere&tabled. Repe@dmeamms ANOVAEV* that eornpamdto the eon~l @Xlp,the patientswith sehb@mia demorrstmted: 1) significantly decrmwdanteriorh@pmzm@ regionNAA ~Y “ (P=O.CO1), and 2) decmmedanteriorbippmmpal volumes~y(p=O.031). ‘l%epnxeneeof significant anteriorbippowmpd volumedeductions togetherwith&reaaed anteriorhippampaf regionNAA soggsatssignificant neumnal10SS oratropbyrathertbanneurunaldysfunedon in thissampleof sdizophtrmies.
83. LEFT HIPPOCAMPAL VOLUME LOSS AND WCST PERFORMANCE IN SCHIZOPHRENIA M. Pegues2, R. Deickenl’2’3,J. Poole2’3, S. Vinogradov2’3,V. DiSclafani2 & G. Fein2’3 IMagneticResonanceUnit and 2PsychiatryService,San Francisco Dept. of VeteransAffairsMedicalCenter(SFVAMC),and the 3Departmentof Psychiatry,Universityof California,San Francisco QuantitativeMRI measurementsof the hippocampiin schizophrenia have yielded discrepant results as to whether there is hippocampal
80. FUNCTIONAL MIU OF MOTHERS RESPONDING TO INFANT CRIES J.P. Lorberbauml, J.D. Newman2, A.R. Horwitzl, J.R. Dubnol, Z. Nahasl, C. Tenebackl, M.R. Johnsonl, R.B. Lydiardl, J.C. Ballengerl, P.D. MacLean3 & M.S. Georgel IMedicsfUniversityof SouthCarolina,Charleston,SC 29425; ‘NationalInstituteof ChildHealthand HumanDevelopment,NIH, Bethesda,MD; 3NationalInstituteof MentalHealthNeuroscience Centerat SaintElizabeth, Washington,DC We reportpilot fMRIdata on brain activityin humanmotherslistening to a cryingbaby. Since animal data suggestthat maternalbehavioris impairedby cingolateablations,we hypothesizedthat motherswould have cingulateactivation,especiallyanteriorly,with this provocation. Fourbiologicalmothershavinga youngestchildless thanage fourwere studied with fMIU while they listened to reeordedbaby cries (active condition)alternatingwith white noises whose temporalfeatures and averageintensitymatchedthoseof thecries(controIcondition).We used a pairedt-test (P
81. DIFFERENTIAL REGIONAL ACTIVATION ON fMRI IN SCHIZOPHRENIA S.S. Pillayl’ 2, A.A. Bairdl, S.A. Gruberl & D.A. Yurgelun-Toddl’ 2 IMcLearrHospital,Belmont,MA 02178;‘ConsolidatedDepartmentof Psychiatry,HarvardMedicalSchool,Boston,MA 02115 Severalstudiessuggestthat the dorsolateralprefrontalcortex (DLPFC) andanteriorcingulate(AC)maybe importantbrainregionsimplicatedin the neuralcircuitryof schizophrenia.In studiesof the DLPFC,hypoactivityhas beenassociatedwithpoorperformanceon the WisconsinCard Sort,andnormalperformanceontasksof verbalfluencyin schizophrenic patients.Furthermore,in schizophrenicpatients,task performance on a degraded stimulus continuousperformance test has been negatively correlatedwith anteriorcingulateactivitym a positronemissiontomographicstudy.We hypothesizedthat decreasesin DLPFCactivationin schizophrenicpatients on tasks of verbal fluency, as measured by functionalmagneticresonanceimaging(fMRI),wouldbe accompanied by increasesin activationin the anteriorcingulategyros.We anafyzed fMRIdata acquiredfrom 8 schizophrenicpatientsand 9 non-psychiatric controls.Scanningwas performedon a GE 1.5Tesla scannerretrofitted with a wholebodyecho planarcoil. Usinga quadratureheadcoil, echo plamwimages and high resolution MR images were acquired. The challengeparadigmincludedthreecomponents:counting,wordfluency, and finger tapping.We used a repeated analysisof variancemodel to investigate the effect of diagnosis, condition, and brain region. As
BIOLPSYCHIATRY 1998;43:1S-133S
25S
hypothesized,a significantregion by diagnosiseffect was found (F= 10.2,p=.004).DLPFCactivationwas significantlyreduced,whereasAC activationwas significantlyincreasedduringthe verbalfluencytask for schizophrenicpatients.These findingssuggesta differentialpattern of regional frontal activation in schizophrenicpatients relative to nonpsychiatriccontrols,and providefurther clarificationon the functional neuroanatomyof schizophrenia.
82. HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONAL LOSS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA AS MEASURED BY PROTON MRSI R.F. Deicken1>2’3,M. Peguesl, D. Amendl, C. Bloome# & M. Weinerl’4’5 ~MagneticResonanceUnit and ‘PsychiatryService,San Francisco Dept.of VeteransAffairsMedicalCenter(SFVAMC),and the Departmentsof 3Psychiatry,4Radiology,and ‘Medicine,Universityof California,San Francisco Proton(’H)Mag@c RemnmeeS~c -g WD - ~ N-aeetylaa@ate(NAA)whichis a seleetiveneumnal*. Quantitative MRImeaaumagmyrnattervohunebut cannotdiwdmimte betweenneuronsand glia.Fmanyparticuiaremticalor _cd~yrnatterle.gio13, dzmawdNAA alongwith&leased graymattervolumesuggestsUeumnal10ssor nemonal atrophyoosaofdenfhitic artmmandaxons);wftenmdecmasdNAAalongwith normalgmymattervohlmesu ggeats neumnrddysfunetion Thzzefcae, in-vivoIH MRSIhippommpdNM measureswete utilizedtogetherwithquantitadve MRImeasumsof hi~ vol~ to ~ whether* wss @ _ ne~~ lm~my VerSUS llellrunsldysfunction in schizophrenia ~-two c~c, mcdicatedtsehimpfuvnic patients(allmet DSM-IVdiagnosticcriteria)and22 normalcontrolsubjectsunderwentbothMRIand IH MRSIusinga SiernensMagnetomVisionMRUMR s syste3n.MRl imaging sequences includedTl weightedseoutviewsalong witbemunslMPRAGEand axialDSEimagesQuantitative hippommpdVoluming wasperformedusing in-housesoftwareby a singleoperatorto yieldanterior,posterior,and total volumesfor the right and left hippocmnpiin all subjrxts.IH MRSIwas prformedusinga 2D PRESSvolume(103x60x15mm3). Twentyfourx 24 phaseencodingstepsandekerdark-spacesamplingwasusedwitha TR=l.8s, TE=135Ms.using spedmmpic imagingdisplaysdtwam,individualMRSI voxels(1.3ml)werethenselectedincompamble anteriorhippocaqd regions Matemllyusing thehighernxolution ~registcmdMRimages.‘Hspectmtium these voxelswere fit by NMR-l curvefittingsoftwareand eoneention mdmatczOfN* Chdille,and emadneWere&tabled. Repe@dmeamms ANOVAEV* that eornpamdto the eon~l @Xlp,the patientswith sehb@mia demorrstmted: 1) significantly decrmwdanteriorh@pmzm@ regionNAA ~Y “ (P=O.CO1), and 2) decmmedanteriorbippmmpal volumes~y(p=O.031). ‘l%epnxeneeof significant anteriorbippowmpd volumedeductions togetherwith&reaaed anteriorhippampaf regionNAA soggsatssignificant neumnal10SS oratropbyrathertbanneurunaldysfunedon in thissampleof sdizophtrmies.
83. LEFT HIPPOCAMPAL VOLUME LOSS AND WCST PERFORMANCE IN SCHIZOPHRENIA M. Pegues2, R. Deickenl’2’3,J. Poole2’3, S. Vinogradov2’3,V. DiSclafani2 & G. Fein2’3 IMagneticResonanceUnit and 2PsychiatryService,San Francisco Dept. of VeteransAffairsMedicalCenter(SFVAMC),and the 3Departmentof Psychiatry,Universityof California,San Francisco QuantitativeMRI measurementsof the hippocampiin schizophrenia have yielded discrepant results as to whether there is hippocampal