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87:6164 Investigation of relationship between cloudiness and global radiation using METEOSAT images
936
B. Marine Meteorology
transient motions are largely filtered out, leaving behind the predominantly stationary part. The absolute values of the ratios of the amplitudes of the finite-difference and exact solutions have been chosen as the measure of the error introduced by the finite-differencing. Results obtained suggest that with reasonable resolution the horizontal space arrangement of dependent variables may affect the finite-difference solutions on the synoptic scales. European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, Berks, UK.
B40. Area studies, surveys, weather 87:6156 Anthes, R.A. and C.-Y. Tsay, 1987. Summary of an International Conference on Monsoon and Mesoscale Meteorology, 4-7 November 1986, Taipei. Bull. Am. met. Sot., 68(4):356-357. NCAR, Boulder, CO 80307, USA.
87:6157 Devara, P.C.S., K.G. Vernekar and Bh.V. Ramana Murty, 1987. On the variation of temperature structure parameter in cloud- and clear-air during the summer monsoon season. Pure appl. Geophys., 125(1):121-129. Indian Inst. of Tropical Meteor61., Pune 411 005, India. 87:6158 Kao, Xilan, 1986. Cold air and wind analysis in offshore waters of the Chang Jiang Estuary. Taiwan Strait, 5(1):18-23. (In Chinese, English abstract.) Bur. of Mar. Geol. Investigation, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
$7:6159 Kingston, G., 1986. The Australian tropical cyclone s e a s o n 1985-86. Aust. met. Mag., 34(3):103-115.
Fifteen tropical cyclones occurred during 1985-86 compared with the ten-year average of about thirteen. Five cyclones reached the severe category. Widespread major damage and three fatalities were attributed to Winifred, one of only two cyclones to cross the coast (compared with the 21-year average of 4.8). A maximum gust of 176 km h -I was recorded during her passage. Two cyclones commenced during May, only the second time two May cyclones have affected the Australian region since 1964. Reg. Office, Bur. of Meteorol., Darwin, Australia.
OLR (1987)34 (11)
B50. Common atmospheric properties (temperature, humidity, etc.) 87:6160 Enting, I.G., 1987. The interannual variation in the seasonal cycle of carbon dioxide concentration at Manna Loa. J. geophys. Res., 92(D5):5497-5504.
A band-pass filter is used to obtain an estimate of the seasonal CO2 cycle at Mauna Loa from monthly mean concentration data. The signal shows interannual variations in the amplitude with a preponderance of larger amplitudes in recent years. Abnormally small amplitude peaks in the (northern) spring are almost always followed by small-amplitude troughs in the following fall but there is no similar correlation between the amplitudes of peaks in fall and the following spring. This suggests that the amplitude variations reflect changes in individual northern growth seasons. Div. of Atmos. Res., CSIRO, Private Bag 1, Mordiailoc, Vie., Australia. 87:6161 Lindzen, R.S., 1987. On the development of the theory of the QBO [quasi-biennial oscillation]. Bull. Am. met. Soc., 68(4):329-337. Recollections of the discovery of the quasi-biennial oscillation of the equatorial stratosphere, and of the development of our present theoretical understanding of this phenomenon are presented. Center for Meteorol. and Physical Oceanogr., MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. 87:6162 Mo, K.C. and Michael Ghil, 1987. Statistics and dynamics of persistent [atmosphericl anomalies. J. atmos. Sci., 44(5):877-901. Natl. Meteorol. Center, NWS/NOAA, Washington, DC 20233, USA.
B80. Radiation 87:6163 Kr¢~el, Adam, 1985. Solar radiation at the Baltic Sea surface. Oceanologia, Warsz., 21:5-32. Inst. of Oceanogr., Univ. of Gdansk, Gdynia, Poland. 87:6164 Padl, A., 1987. Investigation of relationship between cloudiness and global radiation using METEOSAT images. Pure appl. Geophys., 125(1): 109-120.
The cloud coverage given in tenths has a quadratic relationship with surface global radiation while the
OLR (1987) 34 ( I I)
B. Marine Meteorology
937
other cloud parameter, relative brightness, shows good linear correlation with it. Inst. for Atmos. Phys., H-1675, Budapest, P.O.B. 39, Hungary.
Southern Oscillation exhibited mixed signals, and indications continued to be ambiguous during the June-August 1986 season. Climate Analysis Center, NMC, NWS, NOAA, Washington, DC 20233, USA.
87:6165 Tarabukhina, I.M., 1986. Reflection of sunlight from horizontally inhomogeneoos media with anisotropic scattering. Izv. A tmos. Ocean Phys. (a translation of Fiz. Atmos. Okeana), 22(5):427428.
87:6168 Lockwood, J.G., 1987. Hydrological interactions between the land surfaces and the atmosphere as a factor in climatic change. Progress report. Leading Edge, 6(6): 103-111.
Equations for the intensity of the light reflected by a horizontally inhomogeneous layer are solved for the more general case of anisotropic scattering: the scattering indicatrix is represented in the form of a Legendre polynomial series. Univ. of Leningrad, USSR.
87:6169 Peng, Li, M.-D. Chou and Albert Arking, 1987. Climate warming due to increasing atmospheric CO z. Simulations with a multilayer coupled atmosphere-ocean seasonal energy balance model. J. geophys. Res., 92(D5):5505-5521.
BII0. Climate, climatology 87:6166 Gulev, S.K. and S.S. Lappo, 1986. Zonal climate of the World Ocean. Phase differences, heat flows, and interlatitudinal exchange. Soy. Met. Hydrol. (a translation of Meteorologiya Gidrol.), 10:5056. Based on a new integral approach the authors analyze the calculated mean latitudinal phase differences of the annual course and heat fluxes for the World Ocean. Differences between oceans are discussed in terms of their role in global heat exchange. Values of the meridional heat fluxes reveal an asymmetry of fluxes in the Pacific and the Atlantic. State Oceanogr. Inst., USSR. 87:6167 Halpert, M.S. and C.F. Ropelewski, 1987. Seasonal climate summary: the global climate for June-August 1986. Dry conditions plague parts of the Northern Hemisphere. Mon. Weath. Rev., 115(3):705-720. For the second consecutive summer, significant areas of the Northern Hemisphere experienced drier than normal conditions. One of the most severely affected was the southeastern United States. In addition, drier than normal conditions were again prevalent in the monsoon regions of India, southeast Asia, and the African Sahel and also affected southwestern France and northern Spain during June and July. In contrast, abundant to excessive rainfall fell throughout parts of the Southern Hemisphere. Areas of central Australia received 400-500% of their average wintertime precipitation. During December-February and March-May, tropical Pacific indicators of the warm phase of the
The multilayer energy balance model of Peng et al. (1982) has been further developed to study long-term transient climate response to CO~ increase. For a hypothetical doubling of atmospheric CO_,, the model approximates an equilibrium response of global mean surface temperature in 9-35 yr, depending upon the probable range of vertical heat diffusivity in the ocean. In response to a generally accepted CO 2 trend, the model's transient response in annually and globally averaged surface temperature is 60--75% of the equilibrium response. When the CO x level doubles in about a century, global mean surface temperature increases by 1.5-2.0C °. Local warming at certain times of the year, however, may be 2-3 times greater. The pattern of seasonal and latitudinal distribution of transient response remarkably resembles that of the equilibrium response. The model also shows that CO2 increases prior to 1975 have minimal effects on model responses after the year 2000. Univ. Space Res. Assoc., American City Bldg., Columbia, MD 21044, USA. 87:6170 Smithson, P.A., 1987. Developments in synoptic and dynamic climatology. Progress report. Leading Edge, 6(6): 121-132. Recent advances in synoptic and dynamic climatology are reviewed with an emphasis on ENSO events, teleconnections, and monsoon climatology. Special mention is made of the extensive review of climate and circulation in the tropics by Hastenrath (1985) and a monograph by Das (1986) on monsoons. Dept. of Geogr., Univ. of Sheffield, UK. (llt) 87:6171 Verbitskiy, M.Ya. and D.V. Chalikov, 1986. Simulation of the present climate by a model of the ocean-atmosphere-ice system. Izv..4 tmos. Ocean
B. Marine Meteorology
transient motions are largely filtered out, leaving behind the predominantly stationary part. The absolute values of the ratios of the amplitudes of the finite-difference and exact solutions have been chosen as the measure of the error introduced by the finite-differencing. Results obtained suggest that with reasonable resolution the horizontal space arrangement of dependent variables may affect the finite-difference solutions on the synoptic scales. European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, Berks, UK.
B40. Area studies, surveys, weather 87:6156 Anthes, R.A. and C.-Y. Tsay, 1987. Summary of an International Conference on Monsoon and Mesoscale Meteorology, 4-7 November 1986, Taipei. Bull. Am. met. Sot., 68(4):356-357. NCAR, Boulder, CO 80307, USA.
87:6157 Devara, P.C.S., K.G. Vernekar and Bh.V. Ramana Murty, 1987. On the variation of temperature structure parameter in cloud- and clear-air during the summer monsoon season. Pure appl. Geophys., 125(1):121-129. Indian Inst. of Tropical Meteor61., Pune 411 005, India. 87:6158 Kao, Xilan, 1986. Cold air and wind analysis in offshore waters of the Chang Jiang Estuary. Taiwan Strait, 5(1):18-23. (In Chinese, English abstract.) Bur. of Mar. Geol. Investigation, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
$7:6159 Kingston, G., 1986. The Australian tropical cyclone s e a s o n 1985-86. Aust. met. Mag., 34(3):103-115.
Fifteen tropical cyclones occurred during 1985-86 compared with the ten-year average of about thirteen. Five cyclones reached the severe category. Widespread major damage and three fatalities were attributed to Winifred, one of only two cyclones to cross the coast (compared with the 21-year average of 4.8). A maximum gust of 176 km h -I was recorded during her passage. Two cyclones commenced during May, only the second time two May cyclones have affected the Australian region since 1964. Reg. Office, Bur. of Meteorol., Darwin, Australia.
OLR (1987)34 (11)
B50. Common atmospheric properties (temperature, humidity, etc.) 87:6160 Enting, I.G., 1987. The interannual variation in the seasonal cycle of carbon dioxide concentration at Manna Loa. J. geophys. Res., 92(D5):5497-5504.
A band-pass filter is used to obtain an estimate of the seasonal CO2 cycle at Mauna Loa from monthly mean concentration data. The signal shows interannual variations in the amplitude with a preponderance of larger amplitudes in recent years. Abnormally small amplitude peaks in the (northern) spring are almost always followed by small-amplitude troughs in the following fall but there is no similar correlation between the amplitudes of peaks in fall and the following spring. This suggests that the amplitude variations reflect changes in individual northern growth seasons. Div. of Atmos. Res., CSIRO, Private Bag 1, Mordiailoc, Vie., Australia. 87:6161 Lindzen, R.S., 1987. On the development of the theory of the QBO [quasi-biennial oscillation]. Bull. Am. met. Soc., 68(4):329-337. Recollections of the discovery of the quasi-biennial oscillation of the equatorial stratosphere, and of the development of our present theoretical understanding of this phenomenon are presented. Center for Meteorol. and Physical Oceanogr., MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. 87:6162 Mo, K.C. and Michael Ghil, 1987. Statistics and dynamics of persistent [atmosphericl anomalies. J. atmos. Sci., 44(5):877-901. Natl. Meteorol. Center, NWS/NOAA, Washington, DC 20233, USA.
B80. Radiation 87:6163 Kr¢~el, Adam, 1985. Solar radiation at the Baltic Sea surface. Oceanologia, Warsz., 21:5-32. Inst. of Oceanogr., Univ. of Gdansk, Gdynia, Poland. 87:6164 Padl, A., 1987. Investigation of relationship between cloudiness and global radiation using METEOSAT images. Pure appl. Geophys., 125(1): 109-120.
The cloud coverage given in tenths has a quadratic relationship with surface global radiation while the
OLR (1987) 34 ( I I)
B. Marine Meteorology
937
other cloud parameter, relative brightness, shows good linear correlation with it. Inst. for Atmos. Phys., H-1675, Budapest, P.O.B. 39, Hungary.
Southern Oscillation exhibited mixed signals, and indications continued to be ambiguous during the June-August 1986 season. Climate Analysis Center, NMC, NWS, NOAA, Washington, DC 20233, USA.
87:6165 Tarabukhina, I.M., 1986. Reflection of sunlight from horizontally inhomogeneoos media with anisotropic scattering. Izv. A tmos. Ocean Phys. (a translation of Fiz. Atmos. Okeana), 22(5):427428.
87:6168 Lockwood, J.G., 1987. Hydrological interactions between the land surfaces and the atmosphere as a factor in climatic change. Progress report. Leading Edge, 6(6): 103-111.
Equations for the intensity of the light reflected by a horizontally inhomogeneous layer are solved for the more general case of anisotropic scattering: the scattering indicatrix is represented in the form of a Legendre polynomial series. Univ. of Leningrad, USSR.
87:6169 Peng, Li, M.-D. Chou and Albert Arking, 1987. Climate warming due to increasing atmospheric CO z. Simulations with a multilayer coupled atmosphere-ocean seasonal energy balance model. J. geophys. Res., 92(D5):5505-5521.
BII0. Climate, climatology 87:6166 Gulev, S.K. and S.S. Lappo, 1986. Zonal climate of the World Ocean. Phase differences, heat flows, and interlatitudinal exchange. Soy. Met. Hydrol. (a translation of Meteorologiya Gidrol.), 10:5056. Based on a new integral approach the authors analyze the calculated mean latitudinal phase differences of the annual course and heat fluxes for the World Ocean. Differences between oceans are discussed in terms of their role in global heat exchange. Values of the meridional heat fluxes reveal an asymmetry of fluxes in the Pacific and the Atlantic. State Oceanogr. Inst., USSR. 87:6167 Halpert, M.S. and C.F. Ropelewski, 1987. Seasonal climate summary: the global climate for June-August 1986. Dry conditions plague parts of the Northern Hemisphere. Mon. Weath. Rev., 115(3):705-720. For the second consecutive summer, significant areas of the Northern Hemisphere experienced drier than normal conditions. One of the most severely affected was the southeastern United States. In addition, drier than normal conditions were again prevalent in the monsoon regions of India, southeast Asia, and the African Sahel and also affected southwestern France and northern Spain during June and July. In contrast, abundant to excessive rainfall fell throughout parts of the Southern Hemisphere. Areas of central Australia received 400-500% of their average wintertime precipitation. During December-February and March-May, tropical Pacific indicators of the warm phase of the
The multilayer energy balance model of Peng et al. (1982) has been further developed to study long-term transient climate response to CO~ increase. For a hypothetical doubling of atmospheric CO_,, the model approximates an equilibrium response of global mean surface temperature in 9-35 yr, depending upon the probable range of vertical heat diffusivity in the ocean. In response to a generally accepted CO 2 trend, the model's transient response in annually and globally averaged surface temperature is 60--75% of the equilibrium response. When the CO x level doubles in about a century, global mean surface temperature increases by 1.5-2.0C °. Local warming at certain times of the year, however, may be 2-3 times greater. The pattern of seasonal and latitudinal distribution of transient response remarkably resembles that of the equilibrium response. The model also shows that CO2 increases prior to 1975 have minimal effects on model responses after the year 2000. Univ. Space Res. Assoc., American City Bldg., Columbia, MD 21044, USA. 87:6170 Smithson, P.A., 1987. Developments in synoptic and dynamic climatology. Progress report. Leading Edge, 6(6): 121-132. Recent advances in synoptic and dynamic climatology are reviewed with an emphasis on ENSO events, teleconnections, and monsoon climatology. Special mention is made of the extensive review of climate and circulation in the tropics by Hastenrath (1985) and a monograph by Das (1986) on monsoons. Dept. of Geogr., Univ. of Sheffield, UK. (llt) 87:6171 Verbitskiy, M.Ya. and D.V. Chalikov, 1986. Simulation of the present climate by a model of the ocean-atmosphere-ice system. Izv..4 tmos. Ocean