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87:6312 Foraminifera and coccolithophores associated with Corallium rubrum (L.)
960
D. Submarine Geology and Geophysics
Triassic deposits, distinguished by the presence of large, exotic limestone blocks formed by subaqueous slumping are described for occurrences in the Koryak Mountains, the Canadian Cordillera, and elsewhere. Analysis of available data shows that the exotic bodies accumulated in basins with an oceanic crust fairly remote from continental source areas. The exotic material must have been derived from inner-basin carbonate rises with a volcanic basement. The presence of Paleozoic and Triassic elastic chert beds in these sections shows that tectonic movements were active throughout the region. It is concluded that the formation of the exotic bodies should be attributed to destructive processes of a new type in regions with an oceanic crust. Geolog. Inst., Acad. of Sei., Moscow, USSR. 87:6307 Tiwari, R.K., 1987. Higher-order eccentricity cycles of the Middle and Late Miocene climatic variations. Nature, Lond., 327(6119):219-221. Recent spectral analyses of non-glacial climatic records of the Mid-Cretaceous and Early Mesozoic exhibit the dominance of 100- and 400-kyr eccentricity cycles and exclude the possibility that the above periodicities originate from the internal variability of ice sheets. Walsh spectrum analyses of 10 Myr oxygen (6z80) and carbonate (813C) isotope variations (Mid and Late Miocene) reveal statistically significant periodicities of ca. 2.0 and 1.25 Myr, 800, 400, 115 and 93 kyr and harmonies of the higher-order terms with remarkable resolution. Higher-order periodicities, hitherto unexplained in the spectrum of deep-sea records, match quite well with predicted large eccentricity cycles in the Earth's orbital variations, indicating that eccentricity forcing (induced by orbital variations) exerts a major influence on the Earth's climate. Inst. fur Geophysik, Olshausenstr 40-60, Christian Albrechts Univ., 23 Kiel, FRG.
D I S 0 . P a l e o n t o l o g y (see also E-BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY) 87:6308 Amieux, Pascal, 1987. Petrographic description of Foraminifera by combination of natural light and cathodoluminescent pictures. C. r. Acad. Sci., Paris, (S6r. II)304(13):741-744. (In French, English abstract.)
A new petrographic method is described for the analysis of mierofauna in thin section. Study of natural light and cathodolumineseent pictures of Ophthalmidium sp. shows that the levels of obser-
OLR (1987) 34 (11) "
vation are at different depths of the same thin section. Comparison of these pictures yields data valuable for determination of partially reerystallized microfauna. Univ. de Geneve, Dept. de Geol. et de Paleontol., 13, rue des Maraichers, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. 87:6309 Belford, D.J., 1983. Note on costellate planktonic Foraminifera, and the generic designation of Late Cretaceous forms from Western Australia. BMR Bull., Australia, 217:1-10. 87:6310 Chaproniere, G.C.H., 1983. Tertiary larger foraminiferids from the northwestern margin of the Queensland Plateau, Australia. B M R Bull, Australia, 217:31-57.
Sixteen species of larger foraminiferids (those with complicated internal structures) have been recorded from four localities. The assemblages are from Tertiary a 3 (early Middle Eocene), Tertiary lower e, and Tertiary upper e (Late Oligocene to Early Miocene). This represents the first record of Tertiary a3 from Australia. The Tertiary upper e assemblage is a new one for this region; one species, Sherbornina carteri, is described as new. 87:6311 Cronin, T.M., 1987. Evolution, biogeography, and systematic, of Pm'/ana: evolution and spociation in Ostracoda, III. Mere. paleont. Soc, 21:71pp.
A study of Puriana specimens from the eastern Pacific, western Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico. and Caribbean, using original measurements, statistical analyses, and scanning electron photomicrographs from an earlier study, demonstrates that distinct evolutionary responses to the introduction of land and deep water barriers and climate change occurred within Neogene and Quaternary species. Although the isolation of large populations by the elevation of the Isthmus of Panama did not result in lineage splitting, the isolation of small populations on Caribbean islands did in many cases lead to the evolution of new species or subspecies. The study provides specific examples of speciation by cladogenesis and supports a model of evolution driven by abiotic factors in the environment. USGS, 970 Natl. Center, Reston, VA 22092, USA. (hbf) 87:6312 Mateu, Guillermo and Magdalena Gaza, 1986. Foraminifera and coceolithophores associated with Corallium rubmm (L.). Systematics, ecology and paleoceanographie evolution. Boln Inst. esp. Oceanogr., 3(4):13-52. (In Spanish, English ab-
O~LR(1987)34 (11)
D. SubmarineGeologyand Geophysics
stract.) Inst. Espanol de Oceanogr., Dept. de Geol. Mar., Centro Costero de Palma de Mallorca, Muelle Pelaires, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. 87:6313 Patterson, R.T., 1987. Four new [Neogene] foraminiferal (Protozoa) genera from the Rio Grande Rise, southwest Atlantic Ocean. Trans. Am. microsc. Soc., 106(2): 139-148. Dept. of Earth and Space Sci., Univ. of Calif., Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA. 87:6314 Savrda, C.E. and D.J. Bottjer, 1987. The exaerobic zone, a new oxygen-deficient marine biofacies. Nature, Lond., 327(6117):54-56. Classical biofacies models for reconstructing palaeoenvironments of strata deposited in oxygen-deficient marine settings define three principal facies: aerobic, dysaerobic and anaerobic zones. These models have postulated a decrease in organism size and degree of calcification as well as a drastic reduction in the relative percentage of fauna possessing calcified skeletons as the dysaerobic/anaerobic boundary is approached. Evidence demonstrates that in portions of the Monterey Formation (Miocene; California) the bivalve Anadara montereyana occurs almost exclusively in strata deposited at the dysaerobic/ anaerobic boundary. The occurrence of fossils of large well-calcified benthic macroinvertebrates at this boundary contradicts classical biofacies models and provides for definition of a new oxygen-related biofacies, the 'exaerobic zone.' This concept provides a potentially useful model for explaining occurrences of shelly benthic fossils within laminated, organicrich strata of other Phanerozoic marine sequences. Dept. of Geol., Auburn Univ., Auburn, AL 36830, USA. 87:6315 Wilson, E.C., 1986. Type specimens of fossil Invertebrata in the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. Supplement two. Tech. Repts, nat. Hist. Mus., Los Angeles Cty, l:150pp. Invertebrate Paleontol. Section, Nat. History Mus., 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA.
D200. Gravity, geodesy, magnetism 87:6316 Gonzalez, W.D., S.L.G. Dutra and O. Pinto Jr., 1987. Middle atmospheric electrodynamic modi-
961
fication by particle precipitation at the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly. J. atmos, terr. Phys., 49(4):377-383. Inst. de Pesquisas Espaciais, INPE, C.P. 515, 12201, S~to Jose dos Campos, SP, Brasil. 87:6317 LaCoste, Lucien (comment), R.E. Bell and A.B. Watts (reply), 1987. Discussion [of] evaluation of the BGM-3 sea gravity meter system onheard R/V Conrad (Bell and Watts, 1986; Geophysics, 51:1480--1493). Geophysics, 52(5):p.697. One principal of LaCoste and Romberg Gravity Meters Inc. corrects the authors for failing to mention LaCoste and Romberg's straight line (axially symmetric) gravity meter, but then goes on to point out that cross-coupling errors for beam-type gravity meters can be corrected more accurately than described, making these meters 'worthy competition' for the axially symmetric type. (fcs) 87:6318 McFadden, P.L., R.T. Merrill, William Lowrie and D.V. Kent, 1987. The relative stabilities of the reverse and normal polarity states of the Earth's magnetic field. Earth planet. Sci. Letts, 82(34):373-383. Recent analyses of the geomagnetic reversal sequence have led to different conclusions regarding whether there is a discernible difference between properties of the two polarity states. The main differences between recent studies are the statistical analyses and the possibility of an additional 57 reversals in the Cenozoic, predominantly during reverse polarity time. An investigation of the stabilities of the polarity states finds that there is no discernible difference between the two states. Inclusion of short events does, however, change the structure of the non-stationarity in reversal rate, but still allows a non-stationarity. It appears that the present geomagnetic polarity timescale for 0-160 Ma is probably a very good representation of actual history, and that different timescales and additional events represent only changes in detail. Div. of Geophys., Bur. of Mineral Resour., G.P.O. Box 378, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. 87:6319 Rikitake, Tsuneji, 1987. Magnetic and dectric signals precursory to earthquakes. An analysis of Japanese data. J. Geomagn. Geoelect., 39(1):47-61. Japan commenced its earthquake prediction program in 1965. Its database has been examined for 61 cases in which possible precursory electric and magnetic data are obtainable. Relationships between
D. Submarine Geology and Geophysics
Triassic deposits, distinguished by the presence of large, exotic limestone blocks formed by subaqueous slumping are described for occurrences in the Koryak Mountains, the Canadian Cordillera, and elsewhere. Analysis of available data shows that the exotic bodies accumulated in basins with an oceanic crust fairly remote from continental source areas. The exotic material must have been derived from inner-basin carbonate rises with a volcanic basement. The presence of Paleozoic and Triassic elastic chert beds in these sections shows that tectonic movements were active throughout the region. It is concluded that the formation of the exotic bodies should be attributed to destructive processes of a new type in regions with an oceanic crust. Geolog. Inst., Acad. of Sei., Moscow, USSR. 87:6307 Tiwari, R.K., 1987. Higher-order eccentricity cycles of the Middle and Late Miocene climatic variations. Nature, Lond., 327(6119):219-221. Recent spectral analyses of non-glacial climatic records of the Mid-Cretaceous and Early Mesozoic exhibit the dominance of 100- and 400-kyr eccentricity cycles and exclude the possibility that the above periodicities originate from the internal variability of ice sheets. Walsh spectrum analyses of 10 Myr oxygen (6z80) and carbonate (813C) isotope variations (Mid and Late Miocene) reveal statistically significant periodicities of ca. 2.0 and 1.25 Myr, 800, 400, 115 and 93 kyr and harmonies of the higher-order terms with remarkable resolution. Higher-order periodicities, hitherto unexplained in the spectrum of deep-sea records, match quite well with predicted large eccentricity cycles in the Earth's orbital variations, indicating that eccentricity forcing (induced by orbital variations) exerts a major influence on the Earth's climate. Inst. fur Geophysik, Olshausenstr 40-60, Christian Albrechts Univ., 23 Kiel, FRG.
D I S 0 . P a l e o n t o l o g y (see also E-BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY) 87:6308 Amieux, Pascal, 1987. Petrographic description of Foraminifera by combination of natural light and cathodoluminescent pictures. C. r. Acad. Sci., Paris, (S6r. II)304(13):741-744. (In French, English abstract.)
A new petrographic method is described for the analysis of mierofauna in thin section. Study of natural light and cathodolumineseent pictures of Ophthalmidium sp. shows that the levels of obser-
OLR (1987) 34 (11) "
vation are at different depths of the same thin section. Comparison of these pictures yields data valuable for determination of partially reerystallized microfauna. Univ. de Geneve, Dept. de Geol. et de Paleontol., 13, rue des Maraichers, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. 87:6309 Belford, D.J., 1983. Note on costellate planktonic Foraminifera, and the generic designation of Late Cretaceous forms from Western Australia. BMR Bull., Australia, 217:1-10. 87:6310 Chaproniere, G.C.H., 1983. Tertiary larger foraminiferids from the northwestern margin of the Queensland Plateau, Australia. B M R Bull, Australia, 217:31-57.
Sixteen species of larger foraminiferids (those with complicated internal structures) have been recorded from four localities. The assemblages are from Tertiary a 3 (early Middle Eocene), Tertiary lower e, and Tertiary upper e (Late Oligocene to Early Miocene). This represents the first record of Tertiary a3 from Australia. The Tertiary upper e assemblage is a new one for this region; one species, Sherbornina carteri, is described as new. 87:6311 Cronin, T.M., 1987. Evolution, biogeography, and systematic, of Pm'/ana: evolution and spociation in Ostracoda, III. Mere. paleont. Soc, 21:71pp.
A study of Puriana specimens from the eastern Pacific, western Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico. and Caribbean, using original measurements, statistical analyses, and scanning electron photomicrographs from an earlier study, demonstrates that distinct evolutionary responses to the introduction of land and deep water barriers and climate change occurred within Neogene and Quaternary species. Although the isolation of large populations by the elevation of the Isthmus of Panama did not result in lineage splitting, the isolation of small populations on Caribbean islands did in many cases lead to the evolution of new species or subspecies. The study provides specific examples of speciation by cladogenesis and supports a model of evolution driven by abiotic factors in the environment. USGS, 970 Natl. Center, Reston, VA 22092, USA. (hbf) 87:6312 Mateu, Guillermo and Magdalena Gaza, 1986. Foraminifera and coceolithophores associated with Corallium rubmm (L.). Systematics, ecology and paleoceanographie evolution. Boln Inst. esp. Oceanogr., 3(4):13-52. (In Spanish, English ab-
O~LR(1987)34 (11)
D. SubmarineGeologyand Geophysics
stract.) Inst. Espanol de Oceanogr., Dept. de Geol. Mar., Centro Costero de Palma de Mallorca, Muelle Pelaires, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. 87:6313 Patterson, R.T., 1987. Four new [Neogene] foraminiferal (Protozoa) genera from the Rio Grande Rise, southwest Atlantic Ocean. Trans. Am. microsc. Soc., 106(2): 139-148. Dept. of Earth and Space Sci., Univ. of Calif., Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA. 87:6314 Savrda, C.E. and D.J. Bottjer, 1987. The exaerobic zone, a new oxygen-deficient marine biofacies. Nature, Lond., 327(6117):54-56. Classical biofacies models for reconstructing palaeoenvironments of strata deposited in oxygen-deficient marine settings define three principal facies: aerobic, dysaerobic and anaerobic zones. These models have postulated a decrease in organism size and degree of calcification as well as a drastic reduction in the relative percentage of fauna possessing calcified skeletons as the dysaerobic/anaerobic boundary is approached. Evidence demonstrates that in portions of the Monterey Formation (Miocene; California) the bivalve Anadara montereyana occurs almost exclusively in strata deposited at the dysaerobic/ anaerobic boundary. The occurrence of fossils of large well-calcified benthic macroinvertebrates at this boundary contradicts classical biofacies models and provides for definition of a new oxygen-related biofacies, the 'exaerobic zone.' This concept provides a potentially useful model for explaining occurrences of shelly benthic fossils within laminated, organicrich strata of other Phanerozoic marine sequences. Dept. of Geol., Auburn Univ., Auburn, AL 36830, USA. 87:6315 Wilson, E.C., 1986. Type specimens of fossil Invertebrata in the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. Supplement two. Tech. Repts, nat. Hist. Mus., Los Angeles Cty, l:150pp. Invertebrate Paleontol. Section, Nat. History Mus., 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA.
D200. Gravity, geodesy, magnetism 87:6316 Gonzalez, W.D., S.L.G. Dutra and O. Pinto Jr., 1987. Middle atmospheric electrodynamic modi-
961
fication by particle precipitation at the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly. J. atmos, terr. Phys., 49(4):377-383. Inst. de Pesquisas Espaciais, INPE, C.P. 515, 12201, S~to Jose dos Campos, SP, Brasil. 87:6317 LaCoste, Lucien (comment), R.E. Bell and A.B. Watts (reply), 1987. Discussion [of] evaluation of the BGM-3 sea gravity meter system onheard R/V Conrad (Bell and Watts, 1986; Geophysics, 51:1480--1493). Geophysics, 52(5):p.697. One principal of LaCoste and Romberg Gravity Meters Inc. corrects the authors for failing to mention LaCoste and Romberg's straight line (axially symmetric) gravity meter, but then goes on to point out that cross-coupling errors for beam-type gravity meters can be corrected more accurately than described, making these meters 'worthy competition' for the axially symmetric type. (fcs) 87:6318 McFadden, P.L., R.T. Merrill, William Lowrie and D.V. Kent, 1987. The relative stabilities of the reverse and normal polarity states of the Earth's magnetic field. Earth planet. Sci. Letts, 82(34):373-383. Recent analyses of the geomagnetic reversal sequence have led to different conclusions regarding whether there is a discernible difference between properties of the two polarity states. The main differences between recent studies are the statistical analyses and the possibility of an additional 57 reversals in the Cenozoic, predominantly during reverse polarity time. An investigation of the stabilities of the polarity states finds that there is no discernible difference between the two states. Inclusion of short events does, however, change the structure of the non-stationarity in reversal rate, but still allows a non-stationarity. It appears that the present geomagnetic polarity timescale for 0-160 Ma is probably a very good representation of actual history, and that different timescales and additional events represent only changes in detail. Div. of Geophys., Bur. of Mineral Resour., G.P.O. Box 378, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. 87:6319 Rikitake, Tsuneji, 1987. Magnetic and dectric signals precursory to earthquakes. An analysis of Japanese data. J. Geomagn. Geoelect., 39(1):47-61. Japan commenced its earthquake prediction program in 1965. Its database has been examined for 61 cases in which possible precursory electric and magnetic data are obtainable. Relationships between